A Grammar of Tiyagak
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Tiyagak language (the 637th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Tiyagak.
Typological Profile
It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants, a total lack of nasal consonants and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Tiyagak has 8 consonant phonemes, forming a relatively small inventory.
It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants, a total lack of nasal consonants, a complete absence of affricates, a strongly reduced sibilant system and a strikingly small set of lateral and rhotic consonants.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Tiyagak. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| alveolar | palatal | velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| stop | d t | k ɡ | |
| fricative | s | x | |
| approximant | j |
Vowels
Tiyagak has 4 vowel qualities. This constitutes a relatively small inventory, with contrasts limited to the vowel categories displayed in the chart. The phonological system relies primarily on these few qualities to encode vocalic distinctions.
It has a strongly reduced vowel system in unstressed syllables, a strikingly compressed height system with only two vowel heights and a triangular vowel system with few low vowels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Tiyagak. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | u | |
| mid | ə | ||
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Tiyagak has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /u/.
Writing System
Introduction
Tiyagak is normally written using the Arabic alphabet, a consonant-centred script whose forms vary according to position in the word. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided to make the pronunciation fully explicit.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ت /t/ | خ /x/ | د /d/ | س /s/ |
| ك /k/ | ي /j/ | گ /ɡ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Tiyagak does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Tiyagak does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Tiyagak can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="plur"> + <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/question/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> - </np> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="s i x ə s">sixəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" ph="x a d ə k ə k">xadəkək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ə t i k ə">ɡətikə</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d u ɡ ə ɡ">duɡəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="x i">xi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t i">ti</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="s i x ə s">sixəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" ph="x a d ə k ə k">xadəkək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ə t i k ə">ɡətikə</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d u ɡ ə ɡ">duɡəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="x i">xi</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t i">ti</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number">sixəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number">xadəkək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡətikə</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">duɡəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">xi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">ti</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sixəs</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xadəkək</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡətikə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duɡəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xi</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kis</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>sixəsədəsə xadəkəkədəsə ɡətikə duɡəɡəkədə xi ti jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə</p> + <p>سخسدس خدككدس گتك دگگكد خ ت يگتيكدس كسدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sixəs</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xadəkək</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡətikə</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>duɡəɡ</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xi</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kis</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
سخسدس خدككدس گتك دگگكد خ ت يگتيكدس كسدكدة۔ [sixəsədəsə xadəkəkədəsə ɡətikə duɡəɡəkədə xi ti jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə] sixəs woman -ədəsə NOM xadəkək knife -ədəsə NOM ɡətikə COMIT duɡəɡ blind -ək indicative -ədə active xi yon ti three jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM kis catch -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Tiyagak consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising ـدسة /-ədəsə/ ‘NOM’, ـدتة /-ədətə/ ‘DAT’, ـدية /-ədəjə/ ‘INS’, ـكية /-əkəjə/ ‘VOC’, ـكگة /-əkəɡə/ ‘ALL’, ـكخة /-əkəxə/ ‘LOC’, ـگية /-əɡəjə/ ‘ABL’ and ـككة /-əkəkə/ ‘PART’.
The Adjective
The adjective in Tiyagak stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Tiyagak stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Tiyagak stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Tiyagak stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
In Tiyagak, both subject and object pronouns are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuj</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>tujəkədə</p> + <p>تيكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tuj</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تيكدة۔ [tujəkədə] tuj love -ək indicative -ədə active “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">duxə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duxə</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuj</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>duxə tujəkədə</p> + <p>دخ تيكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>duxə</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuj</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دخ تيكدة۔ [duxə tujəkədə] duxə 3 tuj love -ək indicative -ədə active “He loves her.” | (3) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> - </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t u j">tuj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">duxə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duxə</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuj</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>duxə tujəkədə</p> + <p>دخ تيكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>duxə</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuj</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دخ تيكدة۔ [duxə tujəkədə] duxə 3 tuj love -ək indicative -ədə active “He loves her.” | (4) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Khakidasas hates Dagukhasad."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Khakidasas" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" propernoun="yes" ph="x ə k i d ə s ə s">xəkidəsəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Dagukhasad" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" propernoun="yes" ph="d ə ɡ u x ə s ə d">dəɡuxəsəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j ə d a t ə x">jədatəx</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Khakidasas hates Dagukhasad."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Khakidasas" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" propernoun="yes" ph="x ə k i d ə s ə s">xəkidəsəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Dagukhasad" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" propernoun="yes" ph="d ə ɡ u x ə s ə d">dəɡuxəsəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j ə d a t ə x">jədatəx</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Khakidasas" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" propernoun="yes">xəkidəsəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Dagukhasad" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" propernoun="yes">dəɡuxəsəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">jədatəx</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xəkidəsəs</span><br><span class="gls">Khakidasas</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəɡuxəsəd</span><br><span class="gls">Dagukhasad</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jədatəx</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>xəkidəsəsədəsə dəɡuxəsədədəsə jədatəxəkədə</p> + <p>خكدسسدس دگخسددس يدتخكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>xəkidəsəs</o> + <g>Khakidasas</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəɡuxəsəd</o> + <g>Dagukhasad</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jədatəx</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
خكدسسدس دگخسددس يدتخكدة۔ [xəkidəsəsədəsə dəɡuxəsədədəsə jədatəxəkədə] xəkidəsəs Khakidasas -ədəsə NOM dəɡuxəsəd Dagukhasad -ədəsə NOM jədatəx hate -ək indicative -ədə active “Khakidasas hates Dagukhasad.” | (5) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəkixədək</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>taɡəsədəsə ɡəkixədəkədəsə</p> + <p>تگسدس گكخدكدسة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəs</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəkixədək</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگسدس گكخدكدسة [taɡəsədəsə ɡəkixədəkədəsə] taɡəs boy -ədəsə NOM ɡəkixədək apple -ədəsə NOM “the boy’s apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d u x ə">duxə</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">duxə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duxə</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəkixədək</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>duxə ɡəkixədəkədəsə</p> + <p>دخ گكخدكدسة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>duxə</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəkixədək</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دخ گكخدكدسة [duxə ɡəkixədəkədəsə] duxə 3 ɡəkixədək apple -ədəsə NOM “his (the boy’s) apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">ditə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ditə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəkixədək</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ditə ɡəkixədəkədəsə</p> + <p>دت گكخدكدسة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ditə</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəkixədək</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دت گكخدكدسة [ditə ɡəkixədəkədəsə] ditə 1excl ɡəkixədək apple -ədəsə NOM “my apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np role="obj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" person="2">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
+ <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="subj"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - </np> - <np role="obj" person="2"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="2"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" role="subj"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="j u x ə d">juxəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="j ə k u d ə x ə s">jəkudəxəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k a x ə k">kaxək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2" ph="s ə j a k ə j">səjakəj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="j u x ə d">juxəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="j ə k u d ə x ə s">jəkudəxəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k a x ə k">kaxək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2" ph="s ə j a k ə j">səjakəj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">juxəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">kijə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">jəkudəxəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">kaxək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">səjakəj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəɡatəsəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">juxəd</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kijə</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəkudəxəs</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaxək</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səjakəj</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>dəɡatəsəɡədəsə juxədədəsə kijə jəkudəxəsədəsə kaxəkədəsə səjakəjədəkədə</p> + <p>دگتسگدس يخددس كي يكدخسدس كخكدس سيكيدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dəɡatəsəɡ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>juxəd</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kijə</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəkudəxəs</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaxək</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səjakəj</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دگتسگدس يخددس كي يكدخسدس كخكدس سيكيدكدة۔ [dəɡatəsəɡədəsə juxədədəsə kijə jəkudəxəsədəsə kaxəkədəsə səjakəjədəkədə] dəɡatəsəɡ hunter -ədəsə NOM juxəd daughter -ədəsə NOM kijə 2 jəkudəxəs neighbour -ədəsə NOM kaxək son -ədəsə NOM səjakəj kiss -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (9) |
Derivation
Tiyagak has no derivational processes.
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ə s i s ə j ə ɡ">təsisəjəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ə s i s ə j ə ɡ">təsisəjəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number">təsisəjəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təsisəjəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>təsisəjəɡədəsə</p> + <p>تسسيگدسة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>təsisəjəɡ</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تسسيگدسة [təsisəjəɡədəsə] təsisəjəɡ lamb -ədəsə NOM “a lamb” | (10) |
Note how none show up here:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </relp> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> + <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for mode/defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for little/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for little/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for little/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for little/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for little/verb/question/optional
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np role="obj"> - <subs> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a t">dat</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ə s i s ə j ə ɡ">təsisəjəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="x a d">xad</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɡ a t">ɡat</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a t">dat</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ə s i s ə j ə ɡ">təsisəjəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="x a d">xad</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="ɡ a t">ɡat</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">dat</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">təsisəjəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">xad</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">ɡat</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dat</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təsisəjəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xad</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡat</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>datəkədə təsisəjəɡədəsə xadədəkədə ɡatədəkədə</p> + <p>دتكد تسسيگدس خددكد گتدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dat</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təsisəjəɡ</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xad</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡat</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دتكد تسسيگدس خددكد گتدكدة۔ [datəkədə təsisəjəɡədəsə xadədəkədə ɡatədəkədə] dat little -ək indicative -ədə active təsisəjəɡ lamb -ədəsə NOM xad have -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active ɡat want -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (11) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing ta, comprising ـد /-əd/ ‘PAST’; third, an obligatory suffix expressing mode, comprising ـك /-ək/ ‘indicative’, ـس /-əs/ ‘imperative’, ـخ /-əx/ ‘conditional’ and ـت /-ət/ ‘optative’; fourth, an obligatory suffix expressing voice, comprising ـدة /-ədə/ ‘active’ and ـية /-əjə/ ‘passive’; fifth, an optional suffix expressing negation, comprising ـكة /-əkə/ ‘NEG’; and finally, sixth, an optional suffix expressing question, comprising ـتة /-ətə/ ‘Q’.
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t u j">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t u j">tuj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuj</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>tujəkədə</p> + <p>تيكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tuj</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تيكدة۔ [tujəkədə] tuj love -ək indicative -ədə active “I love you.” | (12) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" ph="k i k ə s ə s">kikəsəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɡ i j ə ɡ">ɡijəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="j u">ju</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" ph="k i k ə s ə s">kikəsəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɡ i j ə ɡ">ɡijəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="j u">ju</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number">kikəsəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def">ɡijəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ju</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kikəsəs</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡijəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ju</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>kikəsəsədəsə ɡijəɡədəsə ju</p> + <p>ككسسدس گيگدس ي</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kikəsəs</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡijəɡ</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ju</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ككسسدس گيگدس ي [kikəsəsədəsə ɡijəɡədəsə ju] kikəsəs table -ədəsə NOM ɡijəɡ surface -ədəsə NOM ju in “on the table” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" ph="t ə s i j ə k ə d">təsijəkəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="t i s ə ɡ">tisəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k u">ku</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" ph="t ə s i j ə k ə d">təsijəkəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="t i s ə ɡ">tisəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k u">ku</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number">təsijəkəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">tisəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">ku</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təsijəkəd</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tisəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ku</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p> + <p>təsijəkədədəsə tisəɡədəsə ku</p> + <p>تسيكددس تسگدس ك</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>təsijəkəd</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tisəɡ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ku</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تسيكددس تسگدس ك [təsijəkədədəsə tisəɡədəsə ku] təsijəkəd box -ədəsə NOM tisəɡ inside -ədəsə NOM ku to “into the box” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ə t i k ə">ɡətikə</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ə t i k ə">ɡətikə</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number">ditə</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡətikə</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ditə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡətikə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ditə ɡətikə</p> + <p>دت گتكة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ditə</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡətikə</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دت گتكة [ditə ɡətikə] ditə 1excl ɡətikə COMIT “with me” | (15) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Tiyagak has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Tiyagak.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d ə s i ɡ ə ɡ ə j">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i s">sis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d ə s i ɡ ə ɡ ə j">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i s">sis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">sis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəsiɡəɡəj</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəɡatəsəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sis</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>dəsiɡəɡəjədəsə dəɡatəsəɡədəsə sisədəkədə</p> + <p>دسگگيدس دگتسگدس سسدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dəsiɡəɡəj</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəɡatəsəɡ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sis</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دسگگيدس دگتسگدس سسدكدة۔ [dəsiɡəɡəjədəsə dəɡatəsəɡədəsə sisədəkədə] dəsiɡəɡəj jaguar -ədəsə NOM dəɡatəsəɡ hunter -ədəsə NOM sis kill -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (16) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np role="obj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t ə t i s ə j ə s">tətisəjəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="j u x ə d">juxəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s a d ə d">sadəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i d">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t ə t i s ə j ə s">tətisəjəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="j u x ə d">juxəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s a d ə d">sadəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i d">sid</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">tətisəjəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">juxəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">sadəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tətisəjəs</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəɡatəsəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">juxəd</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sadəd</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sid</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>tətisəjəsədəsə dəɡatəsəɡədəsə juxədədəsə sadədədəsə sidədəkədə</p> + <p>تتسيسدس دگتسگدس يخددس سدددس سددكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tətisəjəs</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəɡatəsəɡ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>juxəd</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sadəd</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sid</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تتسيسدس دگتسگدس يخددس سدددس سددكدة۔ [tətisəjəsədəsə dəɡatəsəɡədəsə juxədədəsə sadədədəsə sidədəkədə] tətisəjəs lion -ədəsə NOM dəɡatəsəɡ hunter -ədəsə NOM juxəd daughter -ədəsə NOM sadəd dog -ədəsə NOM sid eat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (17) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Tiyagak reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Tiyagak expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k a x ə k">kaxək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="x u d ə ɡ">xudəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="k a s ə t">kasət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k a x ə k">kaxək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="x u d ə ɡ">xudəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="k a s ə t">kasət</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">kijə</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">kaxək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">xudəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">kasət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kijə</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaxək</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xudəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kasət</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>kijə kaxəkədəsə xudəɡədəsə kasətədəsə</p> + <p>كي كخكدس خدگدس كستدسة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kijə</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaxək</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xudəɡ</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kasət</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
كي كخكدس خدگدس كستدسة [kijə kaxəkədəsə xudəɡədəsə kasətədəsə] kijə 2 kaxək son -ədəsə NOM xudəɡ friend -ədəsə NOM kasət book -ədəsə NOM “your son’s friend’s book” | (18) |
Case Marking
Tiyagak does not use case marking to distinguish the core participants of the clause. There is therefore no regular nominative, accusative, ergative, active or stative marking on subjects and objects. Instead, the roles of the participants are identified by other means, cf. the examples below.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="j a k">jak</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="j a k">jak</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">jak</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jak</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡədədəsə jakəkədə</p> + <p>تگددس يككدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jak</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگددس يككدة۔ [taɡədədəsə jakəkədə] taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM jak sleep -ək indicative -ədə active “The cat is sleeping.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="ɡ i k">ɡik</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="ɡ i k">ɡik</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">ɡik</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡik</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡədədəsə ɡikəkədə</p> + <p>تگددس گككدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡik</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگددس گككدة۔ [taɡədədəsə ɡikəkədə] taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM ɡik run -ək indicative -ədə active “The cat is running.” | (20) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x ə t i d ə t">xətidət</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x ə t i d ə t">xətidət</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">xətidət</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xətidət</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡədədəsə jəɡutəjəkədəsə xətidətəkədə</p> + <p>تگددس يگتيكدس ختدتكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xətidət</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگددس يگتيكدس ختدتكدة۔ [taɡədədəsə jəɡutəjəkədəsə xətidətəkədə] taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM xətidət chase -ək indicative -ədə active “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (21) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kis</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡədədəsə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə</p> + <p>تگددس يگتيكدس كسدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kis</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگددس يگتيكدس كسدكدة۔ [taɡədədəsə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə] taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM kis catch -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The cat caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="d ə s i ɡ ə ɡ ə j">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="k ə j u j ə k ə j">kəjujəkəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="t ə t i s ə j ə s">tətisəjəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i s">sis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d ə ɡ a t ə s ə ɡ">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="d ə s i ɡ ə ɡ ə j">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="k ə j u j ə k ə j">kəjujəkəj</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="t ə t i s ə j ə s">tətisəjəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="s i s">sis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">dəɡatəsəɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">dəsiɡəɡəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">kəjujəkəj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme">tətisəjəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">sis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəɡatəsəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəsiɡəɡəj</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kəjujəkəj</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tətisəjəs</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sis</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>dəɡatəsəɡədəsə dəsiɡəɡəjədəsə si kəjujəkəjədəsə si tətisəjəsədəsə sisədəkədə</p> + <p>دگتسگدس دسگگيدس س كييكيدس س تتسيسدس سسدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dəɡatəsəɡ</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəsiɡəɡəj</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kəjujəkəj</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tətisəjəs</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sis</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دگتسگدس دسگگيدس س كييكيدس س تتسيسدس سسدكدة۔ [dəɡatəsəɡədəsə dəsiɡəɡəjədəsə si kəjujəkəjədəsə si tətisəjəsədəsə sisədəkədə] dəɡatəsəɡ hunter -ədəsə NOM dəsiɡəɡəj jaguar -ədəsə NOM si and kəjujəkəj tiger -ədəsə NOM si and tətisəjəs lion -ədəsə NOM sis kill -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (23) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Tiyagak provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Tiyagak forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təjujəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə</p> + <p>تگددس تييگدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təjujəɡ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگددس تييگدكدة۔ [taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə] taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM təjujəɡ pat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “I patted the cat.” | (24) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kis</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təjujəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə</p> + <p>يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kis</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təjujəɡ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة۔ [jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə] jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM kis catch -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM təjujəɡ pat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (25) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> <subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ ə ɡ i k ə t ə t">ɡəɡikətət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="s i d">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ ə ɡ i k ə t ə t">ɡəɡikətət</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="s i d">sid</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" ph="k i s">kis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">ɡəɡikətət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəɡikətət</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sid</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kis</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təjujəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>ɡəɡikətətədəsə sidədəkədə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə</p> + <p>گگكتتدس سددكد يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡəɡikətət</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sid</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kis</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təjujəɡ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
گگكتتدس سددكد يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة۔ [ɡəɡikətətədəsə sidədəkədə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə] ɡəɡikətət cheese -ədəsə NOM sid eat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM kis catch -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM təjujəɡ pat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (26) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj"> <subs> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np role="obj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> - </np> <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<subs>
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <subs> - <subs> - <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i s">tis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="ɡ ə ɡ i k ə t ə t">ɡəɡikətət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="s i d">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="k i s">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i s">tis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="ɡ ə ɡ i k ə t ə t">ɡəɡikətət</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="s i d">sid</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="j ə ɡ u t ə j ə k">jəɡutəjək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="k i s">kis</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl" ph="t a ɡ ə d">taɡəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl" ph="t ə j u j ə ɡ">təjujəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">ditə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">tis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">ɡəɡikətət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">sid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">jəɡutəjək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">kis</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1excl">taɡəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="1excl">təjujəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ditə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tis</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəɡikətət</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sid</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡutəjək</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kis</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəd</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təjujəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>ditə tisədəkədə ɡəɡikətətədəsə sidədəkədə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə</p> + <p>دت تسدكد گگكتتدس سددكد يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ditə</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tis</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəɡikətət</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sid</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡutəjək</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kis</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taɡəd</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təjujəɡ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
دت تسدكد گگكتتدس سددكد يگتيكدس كسدكد تگددس تييگدكدة۔ [ditə tisədəkədə ɡəɡikətətədəsə sidədəkədə jəɡutəjəkədəsə kisədəkədə taɡədədəsə təjujəɡədəkədə] ditə 1excl tis buy -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active ɡəɡikətət cheese -ədəsə NOM sid eat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active jəɡutəjək mouse -ədəsə NOM kis catch -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active taɡəd cat -ədəsə NOM təjujəɡ pat -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (27) |
Complementation Strategies
Tiyagak forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="subj"> <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> - </np> <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" role="subj"> <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - </np> <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="owner"> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="s a d ə t">sadət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3" ph="x u k">xuk</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" ph="k ə ɡ a d ə s ə d">kəɡadəsəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="j ə ɡ a x ə ɡ">jəɡaxəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="s a d ə t">sadət</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ ə k i x ə d ə k">ɡəkixədək</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3" ph="x u k">xuk</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" ph="k ə ɡ a d ə s ə d">kəɡadəsəd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="j ə ɡ a x ə ɡ">jəɡaxəɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">sadət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number">ɡəkixədək</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3" obj="3">xuk</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">kəɡadəsəd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">jəɡaxəɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sadət</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəkixədək</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xuk</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kəɡadəsəd</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jəɡaxəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡəsədəsə sadətədəsə ɡəkixədəkədəsə xukədəkədə kəɡadəsədədəsə jəɡaxəɡədəkədə</p> + <p>تگسدس سدتدس گكخدكدس خكدكد كگدسددس يگخگدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəs</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sadət</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəkixədək</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xuk</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kəɡadəsəd</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jəɡaxəɡ</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگسدس سدتدس گكخدكدس خكدكد كگدسددس يگخگدكدة۔ [taɡəsədəsə sadətədəsə ɡəkixədəkədəsə xukədəkədə kəɡadəsədədəsə jəɡaxəɡədəkədə] taɡəs boy -ədəsə NOM sadət girl -ədəsə NOM ɡəkixədək apple -ədəsə NOM xuk give -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active kəɡadəsəd teacher -ədəsə NOM jəɡaxəɡ surprise -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (28) |
Quotes
Tiyagak expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" person="2">
<subs>
- <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" person="1excl">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme" person="1excl">
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme" person="1excl">
- <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+ <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" person="2">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" person="2"> - <subs> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" ph="s a d ə t">sadət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="t u j">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl" ph="k a k">kak</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t a ɡ ə s">taɡəs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" ph="s a d ə t">sadət</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə s ə">ədəsə</thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" ph="d i t ə">ditə</word> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="k i j ə">kijə</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="t u j">tuj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl" ph="k a k">kak</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ə d">əd</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="ə k">ək</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="ə d ə">ədə</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">taɡəs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">sadət</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme">ditə</word> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">kijə</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">tuj</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">kak</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sadət</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədəsə</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ditə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kijə</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuj</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kak</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-əd</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ək</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ədə</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>taɡəsədəsə sadətədəsə ditə kijə tujəkədə kakədəkədə</p> + <p>تگسدس سدتدس دت كي تيكد ككدكدة</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taɡəs</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sadət</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədəsə</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ditə</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kijə</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuj</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kak</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-əd</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ək</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ədə</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
تگسدس سدتدس دت كي تيكد ككدكدة۔ [taɡəsədəsə sadətədəsə ditə kijə tujəkədə kakədəkədə] taɡəs boy -ədəsə NOM sadət girl -ədəsə NOM ditə 1excl kijə 2 tuj love -ək indicative -ədə active kak tell -əd PAST -ək indicative -ədə active “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (29) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Tiyagak. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 8 July 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/68DLJ
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-68DLJ,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Tiyagak}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/68DLJ}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 8 July 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Tiyagak / Tiyagak–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/68DLJ
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
Language creation took 0.10 seconds; writing the grammar 0.05 seconds.