A Grammar of Akh

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Akh language (the 1906th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Akh.

Typological Profile

It has a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts, a total lack of nasal consonants, not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as a rich system of noun classes and an unusually extensive implosive inventory.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Akh has an extremely large consonant inventory, totalling 50 phonemes. Such a system is exceptional in scale.

It has a richly developed retroflex subsystem, a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts, a total lack of nasal consonants, an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives and an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Akh. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	alveolar	lab. alveolar	postalveolar	lateral	retroflex	velar	lab. velar	uvular	lab. uvular	pharyngeal	epiglottal	glottal
stop	p	t	tʷ			ʈ	k	kʷ	q	qʷ		ʡ	ʔ
aspirated stop	pʰ	tʰ	tʰʷ			ʈʰ	kʰ	kʰʷ
preaspirated stop		ht	htʷ			hʈ	hk	hkʷ
trill/tap/flap		r̥ ɾ	r̥ʷ ɾʷ			ɽ						ʜ
fricative	f	s	sʷ	ʃ	ɬ	ʂ	x	xʷ	χ	χʷ	ħ		h
implosive	ɓ	ɗ	ɗʷ			ʄ	ɠ	ɠʷ	ʛ	ʛʷ

Vowels

Akh has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a vertical vowel system in which backness distinctions are largely absent, a strongly reduced vowel system in unstressed syllables, a highly marked system where syllables may lack audible vowels entirely and a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Akh. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	central
close	ɨ
close-mid	ɘ
mid	ə
open-mid	ɜ
open	a

Stress and Tones

Akh has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Akh is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/	b /p/	d /t/	e /ə/
f /f/	g /k/	h /h/	k /kʰ/
p /pʰ/	q /q, ʔ/	r /ɾ/	r̥ /r̥/
s /s/	t /tʰ/	y /ɨ/	è /ɜ/
ë /ɘ/	ħ /ħ/	ŕ /r/	ʛ /ʛ/
ʡ /ʡ/	χ /χ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /aː/	ai /ai/	au /au/
bb /ɓ/	dd /ɗ/	ddw /ɗʷ/
dw /tʷ/	ee /əː/	gg /ɠ/
ggw /ɠʷ/	hk /hk/	hkw /hkʷ/
hl /ɬ/	ht /ht/	htw /htʷ/
hʈ /hʈ/	jj /ʄ/	kh /x/
khw /xʷ/	qu /kʷ/	quh /kʰʷ/
qw /qʷ/	rr /ɽ/	rs /ʂ/
rt /ʈ, ʈʰ/	rw /ɾʷ/	r̥w /r̥ʷ/
sh /ʃ/	sw /sʷ/	tw /tʰʷ/
yy /ɨː/	èè /ɜː/	ëë /ɘː/
ħħ /ʜ/	ŕw /rʷ/	ʛw /ʛʷ/
χw /χʷ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Akh distinguishes singular, dual and plural.

Gender

Akh has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: aaddweeqeeq ‘breath’, aaqwħħb ‘cheese’, aatħħejj ‘wheat’, agg ‘language’, aiʡŕw ‘speech’, ajjeqweehl ‘grass’, arer̥χw ‘apple’, arsχw ‘idea’, aswħrs ‘rope’, auf ‘colour’, aʡebeq ‘library’, yykhw ‘fight’, èsbeehkeeχ ‘embrace’, èèsh ‘sun’, èʛw ‘name’, ëkhwhtr̥w ‘student’, ëquherteeb ‘bark’, ëreeg ‘manner’, ëëkh ‘city’, ëʛkhʛw ‘dialect’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: aabeerssh ‘restaurant’, aajj ‘people’, aqefχw ‘root’, ar̥w ‘child’, asdwpggw ‘flower’, audw ‘meat’, ggw ‘wife’, yrs ‘leaf’, ysqeχeŕ ‘neighbour’, yħeqeesw ‘feather’, èèŕw ‘daughter’, èχ ‘mother’, ëd ‘woman’, ëqu ‘friend’, ërthkwedd ‘wing’, ës ‘little’, ësqeeswsh ‘horn’, ëëf ‘fruit’, ëëfeersees ‘teacher’, ëħħ ‘girl’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: aasweʛeggw ‘forest’, aaħ ‘stone’, aaʛeeħħequ ‘stick’, aigg ‘rain’, aihkweeŕweχw ‘slime’, air̥ ‘earth’, aisbddesw ‘salt’, arweddwebb ‘ash’, aukhesges ‘mountain’, aukhesgrs ‘plain’, fehkeʡ ‘sand’, èbeχehl ‘river’, èquher̥sw ‘snow’, èχw ‘hair’, ëquhpeʛw ‘fat’, ëëjj ‘star’, ëëŕweeŕeeq ‘money’, ëχ ‘year’, ʡ ‘fire’, χw ‘land’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: aab ‘some’, aaʛeħħert ‘mortar’, ag ‘surface’, aikhw ‘north’, aiqu ‘south’, aiqw ‘short’, aiħħhtweeq ‘cloud’, aq ‘new’, areeʡ ‘thin’, aug ‘small’, aχ ‘bad’, ydd ‘top’, yddweqw ‘round’, ygg ‘far’, yrtehkwes ‘thick’, yyr̥w ‘long’, èddw ‘old’, èʡ ‘good’, ëddw ‘inside’, ër̥ ‘white’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: aasekhwedd ‘belly’, aaŕ ‘blood’, aheʛwegg ‘tail’, aibeħħjj ‘box’, akhχwegg ‘binoculars’, aqeesrtef ‘bottle’, aqu ‘ear’, as ‘head’, aukh ‘back’, auħħerss ‘penis’, aʛeeddeeχw ‘liver’, aχw ‘tree’, sw ‘tooth’, ykh ‘heart’, yq ‘nose’, yyrtħħsh ‘knee’, èrs ‘foot’, èrsesdeʛ ‘net’, ëggw ‘skin’, ŕ ‘mouth’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: aadd ‘father’, ajj ‘son’, aquhquhrr ‘tiger’, auhkehtkh ‘machine’, auqu ‘bed’, ausbeqwsh ‘lamb’, auʡ ‘man’, aʡesheeddw ‘hunter’, ggwesrtedd ‘mouse’, yyʛwesʡʛ ‘louse’, yyχ ‘husband’, yχ ‘animal’, èg ‘fish’, èhʈekhq ‘medicine’, èèggw ‘dog’, ëf ‘time’, ëëhteʛw ‘table’, ëëχeeʛweħ ‘court’, ëħħeekkhw ‘worm’, ëʛbbeeʛw ‘snake’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Akh can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
        <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
      <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-      <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for gender/
defaultval: det, gender
defaultval: gender not found in thingy for det:

Array
(
    [case] => NOM
    [number] => sing
    [possessor] => no.owner
    [ta] => PRES
    [mode] => indicative
    [voice] => active
    [negation] => POS
    [question] => not.Q
    [subj] => 3.sing.cl.1
    [obj] => none
)

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; t">ɘˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x26C; ai &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x257;">ɗ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; r&#x2B7;">aˈɠʷərʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="q au &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">qauˈkʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;">ɜːˈχ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS" ph="k &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; ht&#x2B7; &#x259; &#x294;">ɘˈhtʷəʔ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; t">ɘˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x26C; ai &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x257;">ɗ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; r&#x2B7;">aˈɠʷərʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="q au &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">qauˈkʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;">ɜːˈχ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS" ph="k &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; ht&#x2B7; &#x259; &#x294;">ɘˈhtʷəʔ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">ɗ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aˈɠʷərʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">qauˈkʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">ɜːˈχ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈhtʷəʔ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰᵊɬ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fəːˈɬaiʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɠʷərʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqaukʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɜːχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘhtʷəʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈr̥ɘt ˈhaik fəːˈɬaiʡ ˈɗaɠʷərʷ ˈqʷaik ˈqaukʷ ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷɜːχ kᵊsʷ ˈsɘhtʷəʔˈ aik</p>
+  <p>dwg qwas quhddw thl r̥ëd haig feehlaiʡ ddaggweŕw qwaig qauqu sggwesrtedd qwèèχ gsw sëhtweq aig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷas</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰᵊɬ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘt</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fəːˈɬaiʡ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗ-</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɠʷərʷ</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqaukʷ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɜːχ</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘhtʷəʔ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Dwg qwas quhddw thl r̥ëd haig feehlaiʡ ddaggweŕw qwaig qauqu sggwesrtedd qwèèχ gsw sëhtweq aig.

[tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈr̥ɘt ˈhaik fəːˈɬaiʡ ˈɗaɠʷərʷ ˈqʷaik ˈqaukʷ ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷɜːχ kᵊsʷ ˈsɘhtʷəʔˈ aik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈqʷas
catch kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST tʰᵊɬ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈɘt
woman h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the fəːˈɬaiʡ
COMIT ɗ-
LOC ˈaɠʷərʷ
knife qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ˈqaukʷ
three s-
NOM ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈɜːχ
yon kᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.1.POSS s-
NOM ˈɘhtʷəʔ
blind ˈaik
the

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising kddw /kʰᵊɗʷ/ ‘1incl.sing’, ʛequ /ʛəkʷ/ ‘1excl.sing’, r̥ed /r̥ət/ ‘2.sing’, gsw /kᵊsʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, ggddw /ɠᵊɗʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, rχw /ɾᵊχʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, quddw /kʷᵊɗʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, beb /pəp/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, ksw /kʰᵊsʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, ŕweʡ /rʷəʡ/ ‘1incl.dual’, ghl /kᵊɬ/ ‘1excl.dual’, qʛ /qᵊʛ/ ‘2.dual’, r̥weʛw /r̥ʷəʛʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, peeχ /pʰəːχ/ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, ser̥ /sər̥/ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, ddr̥w /ɗᵊr̥ʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, hkχ /hkᵊχ/ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, hkwedw /hkʷətʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, swef /sʷəf/ ‘1incl.plur’, teeggw /tʰəːɠʷ/ ‘1excl.plur’, ŕwed /rʷət/ ‘2.plur’, heg /hək/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, htg /htᵊk/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, sweʛw /sʷəʛʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, jjq /ʄᵊʔ/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, rtsw /ʈʰᵊsʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’ and ʛwχw /ʛʷᵊχʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’.

The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Akh.

The Noun

The noun in Akh consists of an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising s- /s-/ ‘NOM’, r̥- /r̥-/ ‘ERG’, k- /kʰ-/ ‘ACC’, rr- /ɽ-/ ‘DAT’, h- /h-/ ‘INS’, ddw- /ɗʷ-/ ‘VOC’, q- /q-/ ‘ALL’, dd- /ɗ-/ ‘LOC’, ʛw- /ʛʷ-/ ‘ABL’ and p- /pʰ-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: six suffixes, namely -hʈ /-hʈᵊ/ ‘little’, -de /-tə/ ‘big’, -r /-ɾᵊ/ ‘old’, -ggwe /-ɠʷə/ ‘new’, -ħħ /-ʜᵊ/ ‘good’ and -bb /-ɓᵊ/ ‘bad’, and five circumfixes, namely d-χw /t-χʷᵊ/ ‘have’, χw-χw /χʷ-χʷᵊ/ ‘use’, sw-qw /sʷ-qʷᵊ/ ‘see’, k-ʛw /kʰ-ʛʷᵊ/ ‘make’ and ʡ-hte /ʡ-htə/ ‘break’

The Adjective

The adjective in Akh stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Akh stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Akh, the determiner has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising d- /t-/ ‘cl.1’, h- /h-/ ‘cl.2’, k- /kʰ-/ ‘cl.3’, sw- /sʷ-/ ‘cl.4’, quh- /kʰʷ-/ ‘cl.5’ and qw- /qʷ-/ ‘cl.6’ followed by the root.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Akh has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -r̥w /-r̥ʷ/ ‘sing’, -ŕw /-rʷ/ ‘dual’ and -qu /-kʷ/ ‘plur’.

In Akh, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowned:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x268; &#x2C8;">pʰɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x268; &#x2C8;">pʰɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">pʰɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʔəxʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxʷɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpʰɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʔəxʷ ˈxʷɨ ɗᵊʡ ˈpʰɨr̥ʷ</p>
+  <p>qekhw khwy ddʡ pyr̥w</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʔəxʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxʷɨ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpʰɨ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Qekhw khwy ddʡ pyr̥w.

[ʔəxʷ ˈxʷɨ ɗᵊʡ ˈpʰɨr̥ʷ]

ʔəxʷ
3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ˈxʷɨ
love ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ ˈpʰɨ
3.sing.cl.2 -r̥ʷ
sing

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowned:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.6/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="t&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">tʷaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x268; &#x2C8;">pʰɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="t&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">tʷaːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x268; &#x2C8;">pʰɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">tʷaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">pʰɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʔəxʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxʷɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtʷaː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpʰɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʔəxʷ ˈxʷɨ ɗᵊʡ ˈtʷaːr̥ʷ ˈpʰɨr̥ʷ</p>
+  <p>qekhw khwy ddʡ dwaar̥w pyr̥w</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʔəxʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxʷɨ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtʷaː</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpʰɨ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Qekhw khwy ddʡ dwaar̥w pyr̥w.

[ʔəxʷ ˈxʷɨ ɗᵊʡ ˈtʷaːr̥ʷ ˈpʰɨr̥ʷ]

ʔəxʷ
3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ˈxʷɨ
love ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ ˈtʷaː
3.sing.cl.6 -r̥ʷ
sing ˈpʰɨ
3.sing.cl.2 -r̥ʷ
sing

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Halr hates Erhark.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x27E; ai &#x2C8; r">xʷᵊɾaiˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Halr" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x294; &#x1D4A; &#x26C; &#x1D4A; r">ɘˈʔᵊɬᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;">kʰ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Erhark" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x27D; &#x1D4A; k">ɜːˈʡəːɽᵊk</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Halr hates Erhark.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="&#x294; &#x259; x&#x2B7;">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x27E; ai &#x2C8; r">xʷᵊɾaiˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Halr" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x294; &#x1D4A; &#x26C; &#x1D4A; r">ɘˈʔᵊɬᵊr</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;">kʰ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Erhark" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x27D; &#x1D4A; k">ɜːˈʡəːɽᵊk</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ʔəxʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.2">xʷᵊɾaiˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Halr" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">ɘˈʔᵊɬᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">kʰ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Erhark" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">ɜːˈʡəːɽᵊk</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʔəxʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xʷᵊˈɾair&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘʔᵊɬᵊr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Halr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɜːʡəːɽᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Erhark&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʔəxʷ xʷᵊˈɾair ɗᵊʡ ˈsɘʔᵊɬᵊr ˈqʷaik ˈkʰɜːʡəːɽᵊk ˈhaik</p>
+  <p>qekhw khwraiŕ ddʡ sËqhlŕ qwaig kÈèʡeerrg haig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʔəxʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xʷᵊˈɾair</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘʔᵊɬᵊr</o>
+      <g>Halr</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰ-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɜːʡəːɽᵊk</o>
+      <g>Erhark</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Qekhw khwraiŕ ddʡ sËqhlŕ qwaig kÈèʡeerrg haig.

[ʔəxʷ xʷᵊˈɾair ɗᵊʡ ˈsɘʔᵊɬᵊr ˈqʷaik ˈkʰɜːʡəːɽᵊk ˈhaik]

ʔəxʷ
3.sing.cl.2.OBJ xʷᵊˈɾair
hate ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈɘʔᵊɬᵊr
Halr qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the kʰ-
ACC ˈɜːʡəːɽᵊk
Erhark h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the

“Halr hates Erhark.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsɘχʷ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>sarer̥χw daig ksw sëχw qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘχʷ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

sarer̥χw daig ksw sëχw qwaig

[ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsɘχʷ ˈqʷaik]

s-
NOM ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ
apple t-
cl.1 ˈaik
the kʰᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.6.POSS s-
NOM ˈɘχʷ
boy qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.6/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="t&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">tʷaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="t&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">tʷaːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">tʷaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtʷaː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈtʷaːr̥ʷ</p>
+  <p>sarer̥χw daig ksw dwaar̥w</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtʷaː</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

sarer̥χw daig ksw dwaar̥w

[ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈtʷaːr̥ʷ]

s-
NOM ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ
apple t-
cl.1 ˈaik
the kʰᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.6.POSS ˈtʷaː
3.sing.cl.6 -r̥ʷ
sing

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="&#x29B; &#x259; k&#x2B7;">ʛəkʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="&#x29B; &#x259; k&#x2B7;">ʛəkʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">ʛəkʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʛəkʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik ʛəkʷ</p>
+  <p>sarer̥χw daig ʛequ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʛəkʷ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

sarer̥χw daig ʛequ

[ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈtaik ʛəkʷ]

s-
NOM ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ
apple t-
cl.1 ˈaik
the ʛəkʷ
1excl.sing.POSS

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ht &#x259; ht &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">htəhtɨːˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2B7;">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x284;">aˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; s+&#x294; &#x259; &#x3C7; &#x259; r">ɨˈsʔəχər</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="r&#x325; &#x259; t">r̥ət</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ht &#x259; ht &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">htəhtɨːˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2B7;">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x284;">aˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; s+&#x294; &#x259; &#x3C7; &#x259; r">ɨˈsʔəχər</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="r&#x325; &#x259; t">r̥ət</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">htəhtɨːˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="ERG">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">aˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">ɨˈsʔəχər</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="2.sing">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">r̥ət</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;htəˈhtɨːtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰᵊɬ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɜːrʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɠᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɨsʔəχər&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥ət&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk htəˈhtɨːtʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈr̥ɜːrʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaʄ ˈqʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɨsʔəχər ˈhaik r̥ət</p>
+  <p>dwg htehtyydw quhddw thl r̥èèŕw haig ksw saʡesheeddw qwaig sajj qwaig ggddw sysqeχeŕ haig r̥ed</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>htəˈhtɨːtʷ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰᵊɬ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɜːrʷ</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʄ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɠᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɨsʔəχər</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥ət</o>
+      <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Dwg htehtyydw quhddw thl r̥èèŕw haig ksw saʡesheeddw qwaig sajj qwaig ggddw sysqeχeŕ haig r̥ed.

[tʷᵊk htəˈhtɨːtʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈr̥ɜːrʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaʄ ˈqʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɨsʔəχər ˈhaik r̥ət]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ htəˈhtɨːtʷ
kiss kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST tʰᵊɬ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈɜːrʷ
daughter h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the kʰᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.6.POSS s-
NOM ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ
hunter qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈaʄ
son qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ɠᵊɗʷ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS s-
NOM ˈɨsʔəχər
neighbour h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the r̥ət
2.sing.POSS

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃ</p>
+  <p>sausbeqwsh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

sausbeqwsh

[ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃ]

s-
NOM ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ
lamb

“a lamb”

(9)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="h&#x288; &#x1D4A;">hʈᵊ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="h&#x288; &#x1D4A;">hʈᵊ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">hʈᵊ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-hʈᵊ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃhʈᵊ</p>
+  <p>sausbeqwshhʈ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-hʈᵊ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

sausbeqwshhʈ

[ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃhʈᵊ]

s-
NOM ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ
lamb -hʈᵊ
little

“a little lamb”

(10)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>have</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>lamb</noun>
      <adj>little</adj>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>have</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>lamb</noun>
-      <adj>little</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

submodule transform_verb_obj

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowned:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-      </word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="h&#x288; &#x1D4A;">hʈᵊ</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A;">χʷᵊ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="h&#x288; &#x1D4A;">hʈᵊ</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A;">χʷᵊ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2081;" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">hʈᵊ</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="have&#x2082;" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">χʷᵊ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have₁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-hʈᵊ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-χʷᵊ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have₂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰᵊɬ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈtauspəqʷᵊʃhʈᵊχʷᵊ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ</p>
+  <p>dausbeqwshhʈχw quhddw thl</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>have₁</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-hʈᵊ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-χʷᵊ</o>
+      <g>have₂</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰᵊɬ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Dausbeqwshhʈχw quhddw thl.

[ˈtauspəqʷᵊʃhʈᵊχʷᵊ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ]

t-
have₁ ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ
lamb -hʈᵊ
little -χʷᵊ
have₂ kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST tʰᵊɬ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ

“She had a little lamb.”

(11)

This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>lamb</noun>
      <adj>black</adj>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>lamb</noun>
-      <adj>black</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowned:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1">
+    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for gender/
defaultval: det, gender
defaultval: gender not found in thingy for det:

Array
(
    [case] => NOM
    [number] => sing
    [possessor] => no.owner
    [ta] => PRES
    [mode] => indicative
    [voice] => active
    [negation] => POS
    [question] => not.Q
    [subj] => 3.sing.cl.1
    [obj] => none
)

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for black/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS" ph="k &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">ɘːˈkʷ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; &#x26C;">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="au &#x2C8; s+p &#x259; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x283;">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS" ph="k &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">ɘːˈkʷ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.6">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">tʰᵊɬ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.1" tr="rheme" case="NOM">auˈspəqʷᵊʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POSS">kᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="black" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">ɘːˈkʷ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxʷɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰᵊɬ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘːkʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;black&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ˈxʷɨ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃ kᵊsʷ ˈsɘːkʷˈ aik</p>
+  <p>dwg khwy quhddw thl sausbeqwsh gsw sëëqu aig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxʷɨ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰᵊɬ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘːkʷ</o>
+      <g>black</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

Dwg khwy quhddw thl sausbeqwsh gsw sëëqu aig.

[tʷᵊk ˈxʷɨ kʰʷᵊɗʷ tʰᵊɬ ˈsauspəqʷᵊʃ kᵊsʷ ˈsɘːkʷˈ aik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈxʷɨ
love kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST tʰᵊɬ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈauspəqʷᵊʃ
lamb kᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.1.POSS s-
NOM ˈɘːkʷ
black ˈaik
the

“She loved a black lamb.”

(12)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Akh fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing obj, comprising ʛwers /ʛʷəʂ/ ‘1incl.sing’, twq /tʰʷᵊʔ/ ‘1excl.sing’, ʛweŕ /ʛʷər/ ‘2.sing’, heħ /həħ/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, qekhw /ʔəxʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, ħqw /ħᵊqʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, jjesw /ʄəsʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, ʛddw /ʛᵊɗʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, dwg /tʷᵊk/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, hldd /ɬᵊɗ/ ‘1incl.dual’, ddweq /ɗʷəq/ ‘1excl.dual’, hlejj /ɬəʄ/ ‘2.dual’, feeʛ /fəːʛ/ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, rteebb /ʈəːɓ/ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, hʈhl /hʈᵊɬ/ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, dekhw /təxʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, deʡ /təʡ/ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, bbddw /ɓᵊɗʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, quer̥ /kʷər̥/ ‘1incl.plur’, swb /sʷᵊp/ ‘1excl.plur’, fq /fᵊq/ ‘2.plur’, ħħŕ /ʜᵊr/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, ʛwequ /ʛʷəkʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, gb /kᵊp/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, jjeqw /ʄəqʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, hledw /ɬətʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’ and ggqu /ɠᵊkʷ/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’; second, a clitic expressing negation, comprising ʛeʛ /ʛəʛ/ ‘NEG’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising ggwequ /ɠʷəkʷ/ ‘passive’; fourth, a clitic expressing ta, comprising quhddw /kʰʷᵊɗʷ/ ‘PAST’; fifth, a clitic expressing mode, comprising ggekh /ɠəx/ ‘imperative’, hʈeebb /hʈəːɓ/ ‘conditional’ and χwesh /χʷəʃ/ ‘optative’; sixth, a clitic expressing subj, comprising ddħħ /ɗᵊʜ/ ‘1incl.sing’, qwχ /qʷᵊχ/ ‘1excl.sing’, ħeʡ /ħəʡ/ ‘2.sing’, thl /tʰᵊɬ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, htweʡ /htʷəʡ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, quhedw /kʰʷətʷ/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, quχ /kʷᵊχ/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, ddʡ /ɗᵊʡ/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, ddweebb /ɗʷəːɓ/ ‘1incl.dual’, rseegg /ʂəːɠ/ ‘1excl.dual’, r̥eb /r̥əp/ ‘2.dual’, hleedd /ɬəːɗ/ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, rtedw /ʈətʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, hkeggw /hkəɠʷ/ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, r̥edd /r̥əɗ/ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, qʛ /ʔᵊʛ/ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, quhg /kʰʷᵊk/ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, gbb /kᵊɓ/ ‘1incl.plur’, ʛeeg /ʛəːk/ ‘1excl.plur’, quhr̥ /kʰʷᵊr̥/ ‘2.plur’, heb /həp/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, ħeħ /ħəħ/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, rseq /ʂəq/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, rtdd /ʈʰᵊɗ/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, r̥ʡ /r̥ᵊʡ/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’ and beedd /pəːɗ/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’; and finally, seventh, a clitic expressing question, comprising rrgg /ɽᵊɠ/ ‘Q’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -khw /-xʷᵊ/ ‘begin’, -se /-sə/ ‘stop’, -sw /-sʷᵊ/ ‘continue’, -ħħe /-ʜə/ ‘try’ and -rw /-ɾʷᵊ/ ‘start’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="&#x29B;&#x2B7; &#x259; r">ʛʷər</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pʰɜːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="&#x29B;&#x2B7; &#x259; r">ʛʷər</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pʰɜːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ʛʷər</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">pʰɜːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʛʷər&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxʷɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpʰɜː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʛʷər ˈxʷɨ qʷᵊχ ˈpʰɜːr̥ʷ</p>
+  <p>ʛweŕ khwy qwχ pèèr̥w</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʛʷər</o>
+      <g>2.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxʷɨ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpʰɜː</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

ʛweŕ khwy qwχ pèèr̥w.

[ʛʷər ˈxʷɨ qʷᵊχ ˈpʰɜːr̥ʷ]

ʛʷər
2.sing.OBJ ˈxʷɨ
love qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈpʰɜː
2.sing -r̥ʷ
sing

“I love you.”

(13)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x260;&#x2B7; au &#x2C8; p">ɠʷauˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; k">aˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; ht &#x259; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">ɘːˈhtəʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x260;&#x2B7; au &#x2C8; p">ɠʷauˈp</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; k">aˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; ht &#x259; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">ɘːˈhtəʛʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ɠʷauˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">aˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ɘːˈhtəʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɠʷaup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘːhtəʛʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɠʷaup ˈsak ˈsɘːhtəʛʷ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>ggwaub sag sëëhteʛw qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɠʷaup</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈak</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘːhtəʛʷ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

ggwaub sag sëëhteʛw qwaig

[ˈɠʷaup ˈsak ˈsɘːhtəʛʷ ˈqʷaik]

ˈɠʷaup
in s-
NOM ˈak
surface s-
NOM ˈɘːhtəʛʷ
table qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“on the table”

(14)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x2B7; au &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">tʷauˈʡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɘˈɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; p &#x259; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; &#x284;">aiˈpəʜᵊʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7;">kʰʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x2B7; au &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">tʷauˈʡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɘˈɗʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; p &#x259; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; &#x284;">aiˈpəʜᵊʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7;">kʰʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">tʷauˈʡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">aiˈpəʜᵊʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">kʰʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtʷauʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaipəʜᵊʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈtʷauʡ ˈsɘɗʷ ˈsaipəʜᵊʄ ˈkʰʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwauʡ sëddw saibeħħjj quhaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtʷauʡ</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘɗʷ</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaipəʜᵊʄ</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

dwauʡ sëddw saibeħħjj quhaig

[ˈtʷauʡ ˈsɘɗʷ ˈsaipəʜᵊʄ ˈkʰʷaik]

ˈtʷauʡ
to s-
NOM ˈɘɗʷ
inside s-
NOM ˈaipəʜᵊʄ
box kʰʷ-
cl.5 ˈaik
the

“into the box”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x26C; ai &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x26C; ai &#x2C8; &#x2A1;">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">fəːɬaiˈʡ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fəːˈɬaiʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpɘː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>fəːˈɬaiʡ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ</p>
+  <p>feehlaiʡ bëër̥w</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>fəːˈɬaiʡ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpɘː</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

feehlaiʡ bëër̥w

[fəːˈɬaiʡ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ]

fəːˈɬaiʡ
COMIT ˈpɘː
1excl.sing -r̥ʷ
sing

“with me”

(16)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

The basic constituent order of Akh is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Akh.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷaʛʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ˈqʷaʛʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwg qwaʛw quhddw ddʡ r̥yggwtsw qwaig saʡesheeddw qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷaʛʷ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

Dwg qwaʛw quhddw ddʡ r̥yggwtsw qwaig saʡesheeddw qwaig.

[tʷᵊk ˈqʷaʛʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈqʷaʛʷ
kill kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ
jaguar qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ
hunter qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(17)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; t&#x2B0; &#x259; s+k &#x1D4A; r">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7;">ɜːˈɠʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2B7;">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="au &#x2C8; t&#x2B0; &#x259; s+k &#x1D4A; r">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7;">ɜːˈɠʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2B7;">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">ɜːˈɠʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">ɜːˈrʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈχʷaːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈautʰəskᵊr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɜːɠʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɠᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɜːrʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥autʰəskᵊr ˈqʷaik ˈsɜːɠʷ ˈqʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɜːrʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwg χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥autesgŕ qwaig sèèggw qwaig ggddw sèèŕw haig ksw saʡesheeddw qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈχʷaːt</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈautʰəskᵊr</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɜːɠʷ</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɠᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɜːrʷ</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Dwg χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥autesgŕ qwaig sèèggw qwaig ggddw sèèŕw haig ksw saʡesheeddw qwaig.

[tʷᵊk ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥autʰəskᵊr ˈqʷaik ˈsɜːɠʷ ˈqʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɜːrʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈχʷaːt
eat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈautʰəskᵊr
lion qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈɜːɠʷ
dog qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ɠᵊɗʷ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS s-
NOM ˈɜːrʷ
daughter h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the kʰᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.6.POSS s-
NOM ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ
hunter qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(18)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Akh reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Akh expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
  </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x259;&#x2D0; k">ɘːɓəːk</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7;">kʰʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">ɘˈkʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x284;">aˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="r&#x325; &#x259; t">r̥ət</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x259;&#x2D0; k">ɘːɓəːk</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7;">kʰʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; k&#x2B7;">ɘˈkʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x284;">aˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="r&#x325; &#x259; t">r̥ət</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">ɘːɓəːk</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.5">kʰʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" possessor="3.sing.cl.2" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POSS">ɠᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">ɘˈkʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">kʰᵊsʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">aˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">r̥ət</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɘːɓəːk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɠᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘkʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥ət&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>sɘːɓəːk ˈkʰʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɘkʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʄ ˈqʷaik r̥ət</p>
+  <p>sëëbbeeg quhaig ggddw sëqu haig ksw sajj qwaig r̥ed</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɘːɓəːk</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɠᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘkʷ</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʄ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥ət</o>
+      <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

sëëbbeeg quhaig ggddw sëqu haig ksw sajj qwaig r̥ed

[sɘːɓəːk ˈkʰʷaik ɠᵊɗʷ ˈsɘkʷ ˈhaik kʰᵊsʷ ˈsaʄ ˈqʷaik r̥ət]

s-
NOM ɘːɓəːk
book kʰʷ-
cl.5 ˈaik
the ɠᵊɗʷ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS s-
NOM ˈɘkʷ
friend h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the kʰᵊsʷ
3.sing.cl.6.POSS s-
NOM ˈaʄ
son qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the r̥ət
2.sing.POSS

“your son’s friend’s book”

(19)

Case Marking

Akh uses split case marking. In the present tense, the grammar follows a nominative–accusative pattern, where intransitive and transitive subjects are treated alike and objects are marked with the accusative. In the past tense, however, it follows an ergative–absolutive pattern, here called ergative–nominative, where intransitive subjects and transitive objects are treated alike and transitive subjects are marked with the ergative. This makes sense because present-tense clauses often describe events as ongoing, habitual or controlled by an active participant, so the grammar treats the subject as the central argument. Past-tense clauses, by contrast, often present an event as completed, making the affected participant especially salient. The ergative marking then singles out the transitive agent as the additional participant responsible for bringing about that result.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="r&#x325; &#x258; &#x2C8; &#x282;">r̥ɘˈʂ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="r&#x325; &#x258; &#x2C8; &#x282;">r̥ɘˈʂ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">r̥ɘˈʂ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈr̥ɘʂ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈr̥ɘʂ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>r̥ërs ddʡ saaʛ qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈr̥ɘʂ</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

R̥ërs ddʡ saaʛ qwaig.

[ˈr̥ɘʂ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik]

ˈr̥ɘʂ
sleep ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The cat is sleeping.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="x &#x268; &#x2C8; &#x294;">xɨˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="x &#x268; &#x2C8; &#x294;">xɨˈʔ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">xɨˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxɨʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈxɨʔ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>khyq ddʡ saaʛ qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxɨʔ</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Khyq ddʡ saaʛ qwaig.

[ˈxɨʔ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik]

ˈxɨʔ
run ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The cat is running.”

(21)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x284; &#x1D4A; f a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x283;">ʄᵊfaːˈʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;">kʰ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x284; &#x1D4A; f a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x283;">ʄᵊfaːˈʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="k&#x2B0;">kʰ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">ʄᵊfaːˈʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">kʰ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʄᵊˈfaːʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ʄᵊˈfaːʃ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈkʰᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwg jjfaash ddʡ saaʛ qwaig kggwesrtedd qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʄᵊˈfaːʃ</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰ-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Dwg jjfaash ddʡ saaʛ qwaig kggwesrtedd qwaig.

[tʷᵊk ʄᵊˈfaːʃ ɗᵊʡ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈkʰᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ʄᵊˈfaːʃ
chase ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the kʰ-
ACC ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(22)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwg qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig sggwesrtedd qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷas</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Dwg qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig sggwesrtedd qwaig.

[tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈqʷas
catch kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(23)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6.OBJ" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; k&#x2B7;">ɠᵊkʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x288; &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x325;">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x27D;">aˈkʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x288; &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x325;">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="au &#x2C8; t&#x2B0; &#x259; s+k &#x1D4A; r">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6.OBJ" ph="&#x260; &#x1D4A; k&#x2B7;">ɠᵊkʷ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; &#x29B;&#x2B7;">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x2A1; &#x259; &#x283; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x257;&#x2B7;">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x268; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; t&#x2B0; &#x1D4A; s&#x2B7;">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x288; &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x325;">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="a &#x2C8; k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x27D;">aˈkʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x288; &#x268;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x325;">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="au &#x2C8; t&#x2B0; &#x259; s+k &#x1D4A; r">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.6.OBJ">ɠᵊkʷ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.plur.cl.6">qʷaˈʛʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aˈʡəʃəːɗʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">ɨˈɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">aˈkʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʈɨːˈr̥</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">auˈtʰəskᵊr</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɠᵊkʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.plur.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷaʛʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʈɨːr̥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈakʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʈɨːr̥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈautʰəskᵊr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɠᵊkʷ ˈqʷaʛʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ ˈqʷaik ˈʈɨːr̥ ˈsakʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ ˈqʷaik ˈʈɨːr̥ ˈsautʰəskᵊr ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>ggqu qwaʛw quhddw ddʡ r̥aʡesheeddw qwaig syggwtsw qwaig rtyyr̥ saquhquhrr qwaig rtyyr̥ sautesgŕ qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɠᵊkʷ</o>
+      <g>3.plur.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷaʛʷ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʈɨːr̥</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈakʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʈɨːr̥</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈautʰəskᵊr</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Ggqu qwaʛw quhddw ddʡ r̥aʡesheeddw qwaig syggwtsw qwaig rtyyr̥ saquhquhrr qwaig rtyyr̥ sautesgŕ qwaig.

[ɠᵊkʷ ˈqʷaʛʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aʡəʃəːɗʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ ˈqʷaik ˈʈɨːr̥ ˈsakʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ ˈqʷaik ˈʈɨːr̥ ˈsautʰəskᵊr ˈqʷaik]

ɠᵊkʷ
3.plur.cl.6.OBJ ˈqʷaʛʷ
kill kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈaʡəʃəːɗʷ
hunter qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈɨɠʷᵊtʰᵊsʷ
jaguar qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ˈʈɨːr̥
and s-
NOM ˈakʰʷᵊkʰʷᵊɽ
tiger qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ˈʈɨːr̥
and s-
NOM ˈautʰəskᵊr
lion qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(24)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Akh provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Akh forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.6">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʷᵊk kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik</p>
+  <p>dwg keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ saaʛ qwaig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Dwg keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ saaʛ qwaig.

[tʷᵊk kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ ˈsaːʛ ˈqʷaik]

tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ
pat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ s-
NOM ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the

“I patted the cat.”

(25)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; k">tʷᵊk</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">tʷᵊk</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.6">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʷᵊk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ</p>
+  <p>heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ dwg qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig sggwesrtedd qwaig deeswydw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʷᵊk</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷas</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ dwg qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig sggwesrtedd qwaig deeswydw.

[həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ tʷᵊk ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik ˈsᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ]

həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ
pat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ tʷᵊk
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ ˈqʷas
catch kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(26)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-            </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-          </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; p">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; p">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈχʷaːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ həħ ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik həħ ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik ˈsaːqʷᵊʜᵊp ˈtaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ</p>
+  <p>heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ heħ qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig heħ χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥ggwesrtedd qwaig saaqwħħb daig deeswydw deeswydw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷas</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈχʷaːt</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ heħ qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig heħ χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥ggwesrtedd qwaig saaqwħħb daig deeswydw deeswydw.

[həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ həħ ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik həħ ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik ˈsaːqʷᵊʜᵊp ˈtaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ]

həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ
pat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ˈqʷas
catch kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ˈχʷaːt
eat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp
cheese t-
cl.1 ˈaik
the təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(27)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
-              </relp>
+              </subs>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <subs>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </subs>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <subs>
-                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj">
+            <np role="obj" case="NOM">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
              <subs>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
+              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
-                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
              </subs>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+                  <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
+                  <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
                  <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
              </subs>
              <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-              <subs>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-                </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
-              </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-            </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-          </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x294;">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B7; &#x25C; &#x2C8; x&#x2B7;">kʷɜˈxʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; p">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B0; &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x253; &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x284;">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="q&#x2B7; a &#x2C8; s">qʷaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x29B;">aːˈʛ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x294;">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x3C7;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">χʷaːˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x1D4A; &#x2C8; &#x260;&#x2B7; &#x259; s+&#x288; &#x259; &#x257;">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k&#x2B7; &#x25C; &#x2C8; x&#x2B7;">kʷɜˈxʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x29C; &#x1D4A; p">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">kʰəːɓɘːˈʄ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1">qʷaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aːˈʛ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing">χʷaːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ᵊˈɠʷəsʈəɗ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">kʷɜˈxʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">aːˈqʷᵊʜᵊp</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">t</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈqʷas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːʛ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰʷᵊʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈχʷaːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkʷɜxʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpɘː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ həħ ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik tʰʷᵊʔ ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik həħ ˈkʷɜxʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ ˈsaːqʷᵊʜᵊp ˈtaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ</p>
+  <p>heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ heħ qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig twq χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥ggwesrtedd qwaig heħ quèkhw quhddw qwχ bëër̥w saaqwħħb daig deeswydw deeswydw deeswydw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈqʷas</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːʛ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰʷᵊʔ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈχʷaːt</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkʷɜxʷ</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpɘː</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t-</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Heħ keebbëëjj quhddw qwχ heħ qwas quhddw ddʡ r̥aaʛ qwaig twq χwaad quhddw ddʡ r̥ggwesrtedd qwaig heħ quèkhw quhddw qwχ bëër̥w saaqwħħb daig deeswydw deeswydw deeswydw.

[həħ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ həħ ˈqʷas kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥aːʛ ˈqʷaik tʰʷᵊʔ ˈχʷaːt kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ ˈqʷaik həħ ˈkʷɜxʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ qʷᵊχ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ ˈsaːqʷᵊʜᵊp ˈtaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ]

həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kʰəːˈɓɘːʄ
pat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ˈqʷas
catch kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈaːʛ
cat qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the tʰʷᵊʔ
1excl.sing.OBJ ˈχʷaːt
eat kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈᵊɠʷəsʈəɗ
mouse qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ˈkʷɜxʷ
buy kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈpɘː
1excl.sing -r̥ʷ
sing s-
NOM ˈaːqʷᵊʜᵊp
cheese t-
cl.1 ˈaik
the təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(28)

Complementation Strategies

Akh introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="&#x253; &#x259; &#x257;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">ɓəɗʷaːˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ht&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; &#x27D;">htʷɨˈɽ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x29C;">ɘˈʜ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x282; &#x259;&#x2D0; s">ɘːfəːʂəːs</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="&#x253; &#x259; &#x257;&#x2B7; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">ɓəɗʷaːˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="h &#x259; &#x127;">həħ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ht&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; &#x27D;">htʷɨˈɽ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="s">s</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x27E; &#x259; r&#x325; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x29C;">ɘˈʜ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258;&#x2D0; f &#x259;&#x2D0; &#x282; &#x259;&#x2D0; s">ɘːfəːʂəːs</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">ɓəɗʷaːˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">həħ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">htʷɨˈɽ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">s</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner">aˈɾər̥ᵊχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈʜ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɘːfəːʂəːs</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓəˈɗʷaːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;həħ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈhtʷɨɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;s-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘʜ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɘːfəːʂəːs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɓəˈɗʷaːr kʰʷᵊɗʷ həħ ˈhtʷɨɽ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɘχʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈɽɘʜ ˈhaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ ɽɘːfəːʂəːs ˈhaik</p>
+  <p>bbeddwaaŕ quhddw heħ htwyrr quhddw ddʡ r̥ëχw qwaig sarer̥χw rrëħħ haig deeswydw rrëëfeersees haig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓəˈɗʷaːr</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>həħ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈhtʷɨɽ</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘχʷ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>s-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘʜ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɘːfəːʂəːs</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 29.

Bbeddwaaŕ quhddw heħ htwyrr quhddw ddʡ r̥ëχw qwaig sarer̥χw rrëħħ haig deeswydw rrëëfeersees haig.

[ɓəˈɗʷaːr kʰʷᵊɗʷ həħ ˈhtʷɨɽ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɘχʷ ˈqʷaik ˈsaɾər̥ᵊχʷ ˈɽɘʜ ˈhaik təːˈsʷɨtʷ ɽɘːfəːʂəːs ˈhaik]

ɓəˈɗʷaːr
surprise kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST həħ
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ˈhtʷɨɽ
give kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈɘχʷ
boy qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the s-
NOM ˈaɾər̥ᵊχʷ
apple ɽ-
DAT ˈɘʜ
girl h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP ɽ-
DAT ɘːfəːʂəːs
teacher h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(29)

Quotes

Akh employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2noun:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
      <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x294;">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="t&#x2B0; ai &#x2C8; q&#x2B7;">tʰaiˈqʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="&#x29B;&#x2B7; &#x259; r">ʛʷər</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pʰɜːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x29C;">ɘˈʜ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="t&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x294;">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="t&#x2B0; ai &#x2C8; q&#x2B7;">tʰaiˈqʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="k&#x2B0;&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x257;&#x2B7;">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" ph="&#x257; &#x1D4A; &#x2A1;">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG" attach="prefix" ph="r&#x325;">r̥</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x3C7;&#x2B7;">ɘˈχʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6" attach="prefix" ph="q&#x2B7;">qʷ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="&#x29B;&#x2B7; &#x259; r">ʛʷər</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="x&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8;">xʷɨˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="q&#x2B7; &#x1D4A; &#x3C7;">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="p &#x258;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pɘːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="p&#x2B0; &#x25C;&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">pʰɜːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="r&#x325;&#x2B7;">r̥ʷ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl" ph="t &#x259;&#x2D0; s&#x2B7; &#x268; &#x2C8; t&#x2B7;">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="&#x27D;">ɽ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x258; &#x2C8; &#x29C;">ɘˈʜ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ai &#x2C8; k">aiˈk</word>
-    <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">tʰʷᵊʔ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.2">tʰaiˈqʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">kʰʷᵊɗʷ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">ɗᵊʡ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ERG">r̥</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈχʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.6">qʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
+    <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ʛʷər</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">xʷɨˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">qʷᵊχ</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">pɘːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">pʰɜːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">r̥ʷ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">təːsʷɨˈtʷ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">ɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ɘˈʜ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">h</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">aiˈk</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tʰʷᵊʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtʰaiqʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kʰʷᵊɗʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɗᵊʡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;r̥-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘχʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʛʷər&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈxʷɨ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;qʷᵊχ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpɘː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpʰɜː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r̥ʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;təːˈsʷɨtʷ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɘʜ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;h-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tʰʷᵊʔ ˈtʰaiqʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɘχʷ ˈqʷaik ʛʷər ˈxʷɨ qʷᵊχ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ ˈpʰɜːr̥ʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ ˈɽɘʜ ˈhaik</p>
+  <p>twq taiqw quhddw ddʡ r̥ëχw qwaig ʛweŕ khwy qwχ bëër̥w pèèr̥w deeswydw rrëħħ haig</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tʰʷᵊʔ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtʰaiqʷ</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kʰʷᵊɗʷ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɗᵊʡ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>r̥-</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘχʷ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷ-</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʛʷər</o>
+      <g>2.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈxʷɨ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>qʷᵊχ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpɘː</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpʰɜː</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r̥ʷ</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>təːˈsʷɨtʷ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽ-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɘʜ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>h-</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaik</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 30.

Twq taiqw quhddw ddʡ r̥ëχw qwaig ʛweŕ khwy qwχ bëër̥w pèèr̥w deeswydw rrëħħ haig.

[tʰʷᵊʔ ˈtʰaiqʷ kʰʷᵊɗʷ ɗᵊʡ ˈr̥ɘχʷ ˈqʷaik ʛʷər ˈxʷɨ qʷᵊχ ˈpɘːr̥ʷ ˈpʰɜːr̥ʷ təːˈsʷɨtʷ ˈɽɘʜ ˈhaik]

tʰʷᵊʔ
1excl.sing.OBJ ˈtʰaiqʷ
tell kʰʷᵊɗʷ
PAST ɗᵊʡ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ r̥-
ERG ˈɘχʷ
boy qʷ-
cl.6 ˈaik
the ʛʷər
2.sing.OBJ ˈxʷɨ
love qʷᵊχ
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈpɘː
1excl.sing -r̥ʷ
sing ˈpʰɜː
2.sing -r̥ʷ
sing təːˈsʷɨtʷ
COMP ɽ-
DAT ˈɘʜ
girl h-
cl.2 ˈaik
the

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(30)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Akh. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 22 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/69N5C

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-69N5C,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Akh}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/69N5C}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 22 October 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

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https://languagecreator.org/grammar/69N5C

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