A Grammar of Tost

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Tost language (the 1923rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Tost.

Typological Profile

It has the VSO basic order, common globally but unusual in many families.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Tost has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 28 phonemes.

It has a conspicuous absence of approximants, a strongly reduced sibilant system, a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions, a noticeable presence of pharyngealised phonemes and a complete absence of laryngeal consonants.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Tost. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	alveolar	phar. alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	palatal	velar
stop	p b	d t	dˤ tˤ			c ɟ	k ɡ
nasal	m	n	nˤ			ɲ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap		r	rˤ
fricative	f	s z	sˤ zˤ
affricate		t͡s	t͡sˤ	d͡ʒ t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ

Vowels

Tost has 9 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Tost. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	back
close	i	u
mid	e	o
open	æ	ɑ

Stress and Tones

Tost has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Tost is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /ɑ/	b /b/	d /d/	ḍ /dˤ/
e /e/	f /f/	g /ɡ/	i /i/
j /d͡ʒ/	k /k/	m /m/	n /n/
ṇ /nˤ/	o /o/	p /p/	r /r/
ṛ /rˤ/	s /s/	ṣ /sˤ/	t /t/
ṭ /tˤ/	u /u/	z /z/	ẓ /zˤ/
ä /æ/	ñ /ɲ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /ɑː/	ai /ai/	au /au/
ch /t͡ʃ/	dy /ɟ/	ee /eː/
ii /iː/	ng /ŋ/	oo /oː/
tj /c/	ty /t͡ɕ/	tz /t͡s/
tẓ /t͡sˤ/	uu /uː/	ää /æː/
ɔi /ɔi/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Tost does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Tost does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Tost can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">bæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;s i r e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="s+t au &#x2C8; t&#x2E4;">stauˈtˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x261; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; z">zˤɡiːˈz</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; f">keːˈf</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; ai &#x2C8; &#x272;">ŋaiˈɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">bæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;s i r e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="s+t au &#x2C8; t&#x2E4;">stauˈtˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x261; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; z">zˤɡiːˈz</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; f">keːˈf</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; ai &#x2C8; &#x272;">ŋaiˈɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">bæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">stauˈtˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">zˤɡiːˈz</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">keːˈf</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">ŋaiˈɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈbæːd͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡siˈret͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈstautˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzˤɡiːz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkeːf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suˈŋur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈŋaiɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈkec stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈbæːd͡ʒæf t͡siˈret͡sˤ ˈdˤir ˈstautˤæf ɲuˈzˤɡiːz ˈkeːf suˈŋurɑɲ ˈŋaiɲ</p>
+  <p>ketj stutz ḍir bääjäf tziretẓ ḍir stauṭäf ñuẓgiiz keef sungurañ ngaiñ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkec</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈbæːd͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡siˈret͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈstautˤ</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzˤɡiːz</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkeːf</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>suˈŋur</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈŋaiɲ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Ketj stutz ḍir bääjäf tziretẓ ḍir stauṭäf ñuẓgiiz keef sungurañ ngaiñ.

[ˈkec stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈbæːd͡ʒæf t͡siˈret͡sˤ ˈdˤir ˈstautˤæf ɲuˈzˤɡiːz ˈkeːf suˈŋurɑɲ ˈŋaiɲ]

ˈkec
catch stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the ˈbæːd͡ʒ
woman -æf
sing t͡siˈret͡sˤ
COMIT ˈdˤir
the ˈstautˤ
knife -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈzˤɡiːz
yon ˈkeːf
three suˈŋur
mouse -ɑɲ
plur ˈŋaiɲ
blind

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Tost consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -äf /-æf/ ‘sing’ and -añ /-ɑɲ/ ‘plur’.

The Adjective

The adjective in Tost stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Tost stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Tost, the determiner has the following structure: an optional prefix expressing case, comprising ñu- /ɲu-/ ‘ACC’, pi- /pi-/ ‘DAT’, pu- /pu-/ ‘INS’, ngu- /ŋu-/ ‘VOC’, ḍa- /dˤɑ-/ ‘ALL’, ḍu- /dˤu-/ ‘LOC’, mi- /mi-/ ‘ABL’ and tyä- /t͡ɕæ-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Tost stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Tost, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤiɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈzdˤiɲ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</p>
+  <p>zḍiñ tẓaiẓ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤiɲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Zḍiñ tẓaiẓ.

[ˈzdˤiɲ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ]

ˈzdˤiɲ
love ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤiɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈzdˤiɲ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</p>
+  <p>zḍiñ tẓaiẓ tẓaiẓ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤiɲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Zḍiñ tẓaiẓ tẓaiẓ.

[ˈzdˤiɲ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈt͡sˤaizˤ]

ˈzdˤiɲ
love ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Chijauch hates Nyachoir.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u m i &#x2C8; d">t͡ɕumiˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chijauch" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i &#x25F; au &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕiɟauˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyachoir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255; &#x254;i &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɲɑt͡ɕɔiˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Chijauch hates Nyachoir.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u m i &#x2C8; d">t͡ɕumiˈd</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chijauch" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i &#x25F; au &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ɕiɟauˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyachoir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255; &#x254;i &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɲɑt͡ɕɔiˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">t͡ɕumiˈd</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Chijauch" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes">t͡ɕiɟauˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyachoir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes">ɲɑt͡ɕɔiˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕuˈmid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕiˈɟaut͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Chijauch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑˈt͡ɕɔirˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Nyachoir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ɕuˈmid ˈdˤir t͡ɕiˈɟaut͡ɕæf ɲuˈdˤir ɲɑˈt͡ɕɔirˤæf</p>
+  <p>tyumid ḍir Tyidyautyäf ñuḍir Ñatyɔiṛäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕuˈmid</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕiˈɟaut͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>Chijauch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑˈt͡ɕɔirˤ</o>
+      <g>Nyachoir</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Tyumid ḍir Tyidyautyäf ñuḍir Ñatyɔiṛäf.

[t͡ɕuˈmid ˈdˤir t͡ɕiˈɟaut͡ɕæf ɲuˈdˤir ɲɑˈt͡ɕɔirˤæf]

t͡ɕuˈmid
hate ˈdˤir
the t͡ɕiˈɟaut͡ɕ
Chijauch -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the ɲɑˈt͡ɕɔirˤ
Nyachoir -æf
sing

“Chijauch hates Nyachoir.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tæˈset͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈnˤiːdˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf</p>
+  <p>ḍir täsetẓäf ḍir ṇiiḍäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tæˈset͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈnˤiːdˤ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

ḍir täsetẓäf ḍir ṇiiḍäf

[ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf]

ˈdˤir
the tæˈset͡sˤ
apple -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈnˤiːdˤ
boy -æf
sing

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tæˈset͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</p>
+  <p>ḍir täsetẓäf tẓaiẓ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tæˈset͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

ḍir täsetẓäf tẓaiẓ

[ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈt͡sˤaizˤ]

ˈdˤir
the tæˈset͡sˤ
apple -æf
sing ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">muːˈt͡s</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tæˈset͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈmuːt͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈmuːt͡s</p>
+  <p>ḍir täsetẓäf muutz</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tæˈset͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈmuːt͡s</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

ḍir täsetẓäf muutz

[ˈdˤir tæˈset͡sˤæf ˈmuːt͡s]

ˈdˤir
the tæˈset͡sˤ
apple -æf
sing ˈmuːt͡s
1excl.sing

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s&#x2E4; i s+t i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x25F;">sˤistiːˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="s&#x2E4;+p u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; z">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d u r u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">duruːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s&#x2E4; i s+t i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x25F;">sˤistiːˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="s&#x2E4;+p u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; z">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d u r u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t">duruːˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sˤistiːˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">duruːˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sˤiˈstiːɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈsˤput͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˤɑˈzit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒiz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duˈruːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>sˤiˈstiːɟ stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈsˤput͡sæf ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf ɲuˈdˤir ˈd͡ʒizæf ˈdˤir duˈruːtæf ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</p>
+  <p>ṣistiidy stutz ḍir ṣputzäf ḍir tẓazitäf ñuḍir jizäf ḍir duruutäf zḍich</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>sˤiˈstiːɟ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈsˤput͡s</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˤɑˈzit</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒiz</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duˈruːt</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Ṣistiidy stutz ḍir ṣputzäf ḍir tẓazitäf ñuḍir jizäf ḍir duruutäf zḍich.

[sˤiˈstiːɟ stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈsˤput͡sæf ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf ɲuˈdˤir ˈd͡ʒizæf ˈdˤir duˈruːtæf ˈzdˤit͡ʃ]

sˤiˈstiːɟ
kiss stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the ˈsˤput͡s
daughter -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the t͡sˤɑˈzit
hunter -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the ˈd͡ʒiz
son -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the duˈruːt
neighbour -æf
sing ˈzdˤit͡ʃ
2.sing

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

Tost has no derivational processes.

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtoːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈtoːr t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕæf</p>
+  <p>toor chutyotyäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtoːr</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

toor chutyotyäf

[ˈtoːr t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕæf]

ˈtoːr
a t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ
lamb -æf
sing

“a lamb”

(9)

Note how none show up here:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>want</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>have</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
          <noun>lamb</noun>
          <adj>little</adj>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>want</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>have</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-          <noun>lamb</noun>
-          <adj>little</adj>
+        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; au &#x2C8; &#x272;">t͡ɕauˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="p o &#x2C8; z">poˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="c u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">cuˈt͡sˤ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; au &#x2C8; &#x272;">t͡ɕauˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="p o &#x2C8; z">poˈz</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="c u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">cuˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">t͡ɕauˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">poˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡ʃut͡ɕoˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">cuˈt͡sˤ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕauɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;want&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpoz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtoːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈcut͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ɕauɲ stut͡s ˈpoz stut͡s ɲuˈtoːr t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕæf ˈcut͡sˤ</p>
+  <p>tyauñ stutz poz stutz ñutoor chutyotyäf tjutẓ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕauɲ</o>
+      <g>want</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpoz</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtoːr</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈcut͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

Tyauñ stutz poz stutz ñutoor chutyotyäf tjutẓ.

[ˈt͡ɕauɲ stut͡s ˈpoz stut͡s ɲuˈtoːr t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕæf ˈcut͡sˤ]

ˈt͡ɕauɲ
want stut͡s
PAST ˈpoz
have stut͡s
PAST ɲu-
ACC ˈtoːr
a t͡ʃuˈt͡ɕot͡ɕ
lamb -æf
sing ˈcut͡sˤ
little

“She wanted to have a little lamb.”

(10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Tost are enclitics (placed finally), and there are four types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising stutz /stut͡s/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising fap /fɑp/ ‘imperative’, ñädy /ɲæɟ/ ‘conditional’ and sär /sær/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising säf /sæf/ ‘passive’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising muty /mut͡ɕ/ ‘NEG’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤiɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈzdˤiɲ ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</p>
+  <p>zḍiñ zḍich</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤiɲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Zḍiñ zḍich.

[ˈzdˤiɲ ˈzdˤit͡ʃ]

ˈzdˤiɲ
love ˈzdˤit͡ʃ
2.sing

“I love you.”

(11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t &#xE6; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">keˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t&#x361;s e &#x2C8; s+t&#x2E4;">t͡seˈstˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t &#xE6; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">keˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t&#x361;s e &#x2C8; s+t&#x2E4;">t͡seˈstˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">tæˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing">keˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">t͡seˈstˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtæt͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkerˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sestˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈtæt͡sˤ ˈkerˤæf ˈdˤir ˈt͡sestˤæf</p>
+  <p>tätẓ keṛäf ḍir tzesṭäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtæt͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkerˤ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sestˤ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

tätẓ keṛäf ḍir tzesṭäf

[ˈtæt͡sˤ ˈkerˤæf ˈdˤir ˈt͡sestˤæf]

ˈtæt͡sˤ
in ˈkerˤ
surface -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈt͡sestˤ
table -æf
sing

“on the table”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x2E4; o &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">tˤoˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">t͡ɕuːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x251; &#x261; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">zɟɑɡoˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x2E4; o &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">tˤoˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">t͡ɕuːˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x251; &#x261; o &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">zɟɑɡoˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">tˤoˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">t͡ɕuːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">zɟɑɡoˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtˤod͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕuːrˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zɟɑˈɡot͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈtˤod͡ʒ ˈt͡ɕuːrˤæf ˈdˤir zɟɑˈɡot͡sˤæf</p>
+  <p>ṭoj tyuuṛäf ḍir zdyagotẓäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtˤod͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕuːrˤ</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zɟɑˈɡot͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

ṭoj tyuuṛäf ḍir zdyagotẓäf

[ˈtˤod͡ʒ ˈt͡ɕuːrˤæf ˈdˤir zɟɑˈɡot͡sˤæf]

ˈtˤod͡ʒ
to ˈt͡ɕuːrˤ
inside -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the zɟɑˈɡot͡sˤ
box -æf
sing

“into the box”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;s i r e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t&#x361;s i r e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">t͡sireˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number">muːˈt͡s</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡siˈret͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈmuːt͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡siˈret͡sˤ ˈmuːt͡s</p>
+  <p>tziretẓ muutz</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡siˈret͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈmuːt͡s</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

tziretẓ muutz

[t͡siˈret͡sˤ ˈmuːt͡s]

t͡siˈret͡sˤ
COMIT ˈmuːt͡s
1excl.sing

“with me”

(14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

The basic constituent order of Tost is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Tost.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+p u &#x2C8;">spuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+p u &#x2C8;">spuˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">spuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈspu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˤɑˈzit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈspu stut͡s ˈdˤir fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒæf ɲuˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf</p>
+  <p>spu stutz ḍir fächääjäf ñuḍir tẓazitäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈspu</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˤɑˈzit</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

Spu stutz ḍir fächääjäf ñuḍir tẓazitäf.

[ˈspu stut͡s ˈdˤir fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒæf ɲuˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf]

ˈspu
kill stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ
jaguar -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the t͡sˤɑˈzit
hunter -æf
sing

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s &#xE6; s+p i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="k i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">kiːˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s&#x2E4;+p u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s &#xE6; s+p i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="k i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">kiːˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s&#x2E4;+p u &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">kiːˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">sˤpuˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɟoːrˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sæˈspiɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkiːnˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈsˤput͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˤɑˈzit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ˈdˤir t͡sæˈspiɟæf ɲuˈdˤir ˈkiːnˤæf ˈdˤir ˈsˤput͡sæf ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf</p>
+  <p>dyooṛ stutz ḍir tzäspidyäf ñuḍir kiiṇäf ḍir ṣputzäf ḍir tẓazitäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɟoːrˤ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sæˈspiɟ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkiːnˤ</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈsˤput͡s</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˤɑˈzit</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Dyooṛ stutz ḍir tzäspidyäf ñuḍir kiiṇäf ḍir ṣputzäf ḍir tẓazitäf.

[ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ˈdˤir t͡sæˈspiɟæf ɲuˈdˤir ˈkiːnˤæf ˈdˤir ˈsˤput͡sæf ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf]

ˈɟoːrˤ
eat stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the t͡sæˈspiɟ
lion -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the ˈkiːnˤ
dog -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈsˤput͡s
daughter -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the t͡sˤɑˈzit
hunter -æf
sing

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Tost reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Tost expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-    </np>
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="b u&#x2D0; k">buːk</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;+d">t͡ɕiːˈzˤd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; z">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="b u&#x2D0; k">buːk</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;+d">t͡ɕiːˈzˤd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; z">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">buːk</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">t͡ɕiːˈzˤd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">d͡ʒiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;buːk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕiːzˤd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒiz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdˤir buːkæf ˈdˤir ˈt͡ɕiːzˤdæf ˈdˤir ˈd͡ʒizæf ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</p>
+  <p>ḍir buukäf ḍir tyiiẓdäf ḍir jizäf zḍich</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>buːk</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕiːzˤd</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒiz</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

ḍir buukäf ḍir tyiiẓdäf ḍir jizäf zḍich

[ˈdˤir buːkæf ˈdˤir ˈt͡ɕiːzˤdæf ˈdˤir ˈd͡ʒizæf ˈzdˤit͡ʃ]

ˈdˤir
the buːk
book -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈt͡ɕiːzˤd
friend -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈd͡ʒiz
son -æf
sing ˈzdˤit͡ʃ
2.sing

“your son’s friend’s book”

(17)

Case Marking

Tost uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="f e &#x2C8; r">feˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="f e &#x2C8; r">feˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">feˈr</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈfer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtenˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈfer ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf</p>
+  <p>fer ḍir teṇäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈfer</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtenˤ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Fer ḍir teṇäf.

[ˈfer ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf]

ˈfer
sleep ˈdˤir
the ˈtenˤ
cat -æf
sing

“The cat is sleeping.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">t͡ɕuˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; u &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">t͡ɕuˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">t͡ɕuˈrˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕurˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtenˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ɕurˤ ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf</p>
+  <p>tyuṛ ḍir teṇäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕurˤ</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtenˤ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Tyuṛ ḍir teṇäf.

[ˈt͡ɕurˤ ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf]

ˈt͡ɕurˤ
run ˈdˤir
the ˈtenˤ
cat -æf
sing

“The cat is running.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t i &#x261; &#x251; &#x2C8; &#x14B;">tiɡɑˈŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="t i &#x261; &#x251; &#x2C8; &#x14B;">tiɡɑˈŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">tiɡɑˈŋ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɡɑŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtenˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suˈŋur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tiˈɡɑŋ ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf</p>
+  <p>tigang ḍir teṇäf ñuḍir sunguräf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɡɑŋ</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtenˤ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>suˈŋur</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Tigang ḍir teṇäf ñuḍir sunguräf.

[tiˈɡɑŋ ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf]

tiˈɡɑŋ
chase ˈdˤir
the ˈtenˤ
cat -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the suˈŋur
mouse -æf
sing

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtenˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suˈŋur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈkec stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf</p>
+  <p>ketj stutz ḍir teṇäf ñuḍir sunguräf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkec</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtenˤ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>suˈŋur</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Ketj stutz ḍir teṇäf ñuḍir sunguräf.

[ˈkec stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf]

ˈkec
catch stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the ˈtenˤ
cat -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the suˈŋur
mouse -æf
sing

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="s+p u &#x2C8;">spuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t u r u &#x2C8; r">turuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s &#xE6; s+p i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="s+p u &#x2C8;">spuˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; &#x251; z i &#x2C8; t">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6;&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t u r u &#x2C8; r">turuˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s &#xE6; s+p i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; &#x272;">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">spuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡sˤɑziˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">fæt͡ʃæːˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">turuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ɑɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">d͡ʒoˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">t͡sæspiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ɑɲ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈspu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sˤɑˈzit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒorˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tuˈrur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒorˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡sæˈspiɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈspu stut͡s ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf ɲuˈdˤir fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒɑɲ ˈd͡ʒorˤ ɲuˈdˤir tuˈrurɑɲ ˈd͡ʒorˤ ɲuˈdˤir t͡sæˈspiɟɑɲ</p>
+  <p>spu stutz ḍir tẓazitäf ñuḍir fächääjañ joṛ ñuḍir tururañ joṛ ñuḍir tzäspidyañ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈspu</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sˤɑˈzit</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒorˤ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tuˈrur</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒorˤ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡sæˈspiɟ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Spu stutz ḍir tẓazitäf ñuḍir fächääjañ joṛ ñuḍir tururañ joṛ ñuḍir tzäspidyañ.

[ˈspu stut͡s ˈdˤir t͡sˤɑˈzitæf ɲuˈdˤir fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒɑɲ ˈd͡ʒorˤ ɲuˈdˤir tuˈrurɑɲ ˈd͡ʒorˤ ɲuˈdˤir t͡sæˈspiɟɑɲ]

ˈspu
kill stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the t͡sˤɑˈzit
hunter -æf
sing ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the fæˈt͡ʃæːd͡ʒ
jaguar -ɑɲ
plur ˈd͡ʒorˤ
and ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the tuˈrur
tiger -ɑɲ
plur ˈd͡ʒorˤ
and ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the t͡sæˈspiɟ
lion -ɑɲ
plur

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Tost provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Tost uses the correlative strategy to form relative clauses. The relative clause is introduced by a dedicated relativiser and appears as an independent clause. The main clause contains a demonstrative that corresponds to the relativiser and identifies the element being modified. The relative clause precedes the main clause when used on its own, and follows the head noun when it functions as a modifier. The internal structure of both clauses is fully finite.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t e &#x2C8; n&#x2E4;">teˈnˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">teˈnˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;siˈnˤɑt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtenˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf</p>
+  <p>siṇat stutz ñuḍir teṇäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>siˈnˤɑt</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtenˤ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Siṇat stutz ñuḍir teṇäf.

[siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir ˈtenˤæf]

siˈnˤɑt
pat stut͡s
PAST ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the ˈtenˤ
cat -æf
sing

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-      </relp>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <np role="obj">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="s u &#x14B; u &#x2C8; r">suŋuˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">suŋuˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suˈŋur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;siˈnˤɑt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈkec stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif</p>
+  <p>ketj stutz ñuḍir sunguräf siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkec</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>suˈŋur</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>siˈnˤɑt</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Ketj stutz ñuḍir sunguräf siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif.

[ˈkec stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir suˈŋuræf siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif]

ˈkec
catch stut͡s
PAST ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the suˈŋur
mouse -æf
sing siˈnˤɑt
pat stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-          </relp>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-      </relp>
+    <np role="obj">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x251; &#x261; e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zɟɑɡeˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x251; &#x261; e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zɟɑɡeˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">zɟɑɡeˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɟoːrˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zɟɑˈɡet͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;siˈnˤɑt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir zɟɑˈɡet͡ʃæf ˈkec stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif</p>
+  <p>dyooṛ stutz ñuḍir zdyagechäf ketj stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɟoːrˤ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zɟɑˈɡet͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkec</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>siˈnˤɑt</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Dyooṛ stutz ñuḍir zdyagechäf ketj stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif.

[ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ɲuˈdˤir zɟɑˈɡet͡ʃæf ˈkec stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif]

ˈɟoːrˤ
eat stut͡s
PAST ɲu-
ACC ˈdˤir
the zɟɑˈɡet͡ʃ
cheese -æf
sing ˈkec
catch stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then siˈnˤɑt
pat stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+    </np>
+  </s>
+  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+    <np role="obj">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-              </relp>
    </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s connector="then">
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s connector="then">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; i &#x2C8; m">ɲiˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x272; i &#x2C8; m">ɲiˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="&#x25F; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r&#x2E4;">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="k e &#x2C8; c">keˈc</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s i n&#x2E4; &#x251; &#x2C8; t">sinˤɑˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s&#x2E4; ai &#x2C8; z&#x2E4;">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="z+&#x25F; &#x254;i &#x2C8; f">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">ɲiˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɟoːˈrˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">keˈc</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">sinˤɑˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡sˤaiˈzˤ</word>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">zɟɔiˈf</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɟoːrˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;siˈnˤɑt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡sˤaizˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɟɔif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɲim stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif ˈkec stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif</p>
+  <p>ñim stutz tẓaiẓ dyooṛ stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif ketj stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲim</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɟoːrˤ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkec</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>siˈnˤɑt</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡sˤaizˤ</o>
+      <g>3.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɟɔif</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Ñim stutz tẓaiẓ dyooṛ stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif ketj stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif siṇat stutz tẓaiẓ zdyɔif.

[ˈɲim stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈɟoːrˤ stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif ˈkec stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif siˈnˤɑt stut͡s ˈt͡sˤaizˤ ˈzɟɔif]

ˈɲim
buy stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈɟoːrˤ
eat stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then ˈkec
catch stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then siˈnˤɑt
pat stut͡s
PAST ˈt͡sˤaizˤ
3.sing ˈzɟɔif
then

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Tost forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np role="owner" number="sing">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          </vp>
          <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
            <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np role="owner" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="owner" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="owner" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="n&#x2E4; i b u &#x2C8; m">nˤibuˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="c i &#x2C8; r">ciˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x25F; e &#x2C8; z+d&#x2E4;">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="c i t&#x361;&#x283; e&#x2D0; z">cit͡ʃeːz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="n&#x2E4; i b u &#x2C8; m">nˤibuˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="c i &#x2C8; r">ciˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="&#x272; u">ɲu</thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; r">toːˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t &#xE6; s e &#x2C8; t&#x361;s&#x2E4;">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x25F; e &#x2C8; z+d&#x2E4;">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="c i t&#x361;&#x283; e&#x2D0; z">cit͡ʃeːz</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">nˤibuˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">ciˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">ɲu</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">toːˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">tæseˈt͡sˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" case="NOM">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">cit͡ʃeːz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nˤiˈbum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈcir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲu-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtoːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tæˈset͡sˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzˤɟezdˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈnˤiːdˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;cit͡ʃeːz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nˤiˈbum stut͡s ˈcir stut͡s ɲuˈtoːr tæˈset͡sˤæf piˈdˤir ˈzˤɟezdˤæf ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf piˈdˤir cit͡ʃeːzæf</p>
+  <p>ṇibum stutz tjir stutz ñutoor täsetẓäf piḍir ẓdyezḍäf ḍir ṇiiḍäf piḍir tjicheezäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nˤiˈbum</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈcir</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲu-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtoːr</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tæˈset͡sˤ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pi-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzˤɟezdˤ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈnˤiːdˤ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pi-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>cit͡ʃeːz</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Ṇibum stutz tjir stutz ñutoor täsetẓäf piḍir ẓdyezḍäf ḍir ṇiiḍäf piḍir tjicheezäf.

[nˤiˈbum stut͡s ˈcir stut͡s ɲuˈtoːr tæˈset͡sˤæf piˈdˤir ˈzˤɟezdˤæf ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf piˈdˤir cit͡ʃeːzæf]

nˤiˈbum
surprise stut͡s
PAST ˈcir
give stut͡s
PAST ɲu-
ACC ˈtoːr
a tæˈset͡sˤ
apple -æf
sing pi-
DAT ˈdˤir
the ˈzˤɟezdˤ
girl -æf
sing ˈdˤir
the ˈnˤiːdˤ
boy -æf
sing pi-
DAT ˈdˤir
the cit͡ʃeːz
teacher -æf
sing

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Tost expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module sequential:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          </vp>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
        <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing" person="2">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="d&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; f">dˤiːˈf</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x25F; e &#x2C8; z+d&#x2E4;">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="d&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; f">dˤiːˈf</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s+t u t&#x361;s">stut͡s</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n&#x2E4; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d&#x2E4;">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; &#x272;">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="z+d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="m u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">muːˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT" attach="prefix" ph="p i">pi</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="d&#x2E4; i &#x2C8; r">dˤiˈr</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="z&#x2E4;+&#x25F; e &#x2C8; z+d&#x2E4;">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; f">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">dˤiːˈf</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">stut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">nˤiːˈdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">zdˤiˈɲ</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">zdˤiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC">muːˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">pi</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">dˤiˈr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">zˤɟeˈzdˤ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">æf</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤiːf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;stut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈnˤiːdˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤiɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzdˤit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈmuːt͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdˤir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzˤɟezdˤ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdˤiːf stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf ˈzdˤiɲ ˈzdˤit͡ʃ ˈmuːt͡s piˈdˤir ˈzˤɟezdˤæf</p>
+  <p>ḍiif stutz ḍir ṇiiḍäf zḍiñ zḍich muutz piḍir ẓdyezḍäf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤiːf</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>stut͡s</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈnˤiːdˤ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤiɲ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzdˤit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈmuːt͡s</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pi-</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdˤir</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzˤɟezdˤ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æf</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Ḍiif stutz ḍir ṇiiḍäf zḍiñ zḍich muutz piḍir ẓdyezḍäf.

[ˈdˤiːf stut͡s ˈdˤir ˈnˤiːdˤæf ˈzdˤiɲ ˈzdˤit͡ʃ ˈmuːt͡s piˈdˤir ˈzˤɟezdˤæf]

ˈdˤiːf
tell stut͡s
PAST ˈdˤir
the ˈnˤiːdˤ
boy -æf
sing ˈzdˤiɲ
love ˈzdˤit͡ʃ
2.sing ˈmuːt͡s
1excl.sing pi-
DAT ˈdˤir
the ˈzˤɟezdˤ
girl -æf
sing

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Tost. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 27 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/6D2LV

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-6D2LV,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Tost}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/6D2LV}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 27 October 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Tost / Tost–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/6D2LV

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

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