A Grammar of Sqa
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Sqa language (the 1925th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Sqa.
Typological Profile
It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants, a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts, a total lack of nasal consonants, proper polysynthesis and a small but genuine set of click consonants.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Sqa has an extremely large consonant inventory, totalling 78 phonemes. Such a system is exceptional in scale.
It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants, a highly marked collection of glottal, uvular, pharyngeal or epiglottal contrasts, a total lack of nasal consonants, an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives and an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Sqa. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| dental | lab. dental | phar. dental | alveolar | lab. alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | phar. velar | uvular | lab. uvular | phar. uvular | pharyngeal | epiglottal | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | d t | dʷ tʷ | dˤ tˤ | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | kˤ ɡˤ | q ɢ | qʷ ɢʷ | qˤ ɢˤ | ʡ | ʔ | |||||||
| aspirated stop | tʰ | tʰʷ | tʰˤ | ʈʰ | kʰ | kʰʷ | kʰˤ | ||||||||||||
| trill/tap/flap | ɽ | ʜ | |||||||||||||||||
| fricative | ð θ | ðʷ θʷ | ðˤ θˤ | s z | sʷ zʷ | sˤ zˤ | ʃ ʒ | ɕ ʑ | ʂ ʐ | x ɣ | xʷ ɣʷ | xˤ ɣˤ | ʁ χ | ʁʷ χʷ | ʁˤ χˤ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ | ||
| approximant | j | ||||||||||||||||||
| implosive | ɗ | ɗʷ | ɗˤ | ᶑ | ʄ | ||||||||||||||
| click | ᵏǀ ᵏǀʰ | ᵏǀʷ ᵏǀʰʷ | ᵏǀˤ ᵏǀʰˤ |
Vowels
Sqa has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a vertical vowel system in which backness distinctions are largely absent, a regular pattern of underlying ghost nuclei that often delete, a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels, a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness and a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Sqa. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| central | |
|---|---|
| close | ɨ |
| mid | ə ə̃ |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Sqa has phonemic stress and 2 lexical tones. Each lexical item carries a tonal specification associated with the first vowel of the root, which determines the overall tonal contour of the word.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Sqa is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /a/ | c /ᵏǀ/ | c̣ /ᵏǀˤ/ | d /d/ |
| ḍ /dˤ/ | e /ə/ | g /ɡ/ | g̣ /ɡˤ/ |
| h /h/ | j /j/ | k /k/ | ḳ /kˤ/ |
| q /q/ | q̣ /qˤ/ | s /s/ | ṣ /sˤ/ |
| t /t/ | ṭ /tˤ/ | x /x/ | x̣ /xˤ/ |
| y /ɨ/ | z /z/ | ẓ /zˤ/ | ð /ð/ |
| ð̣ /ðˤ/ | þ /θ/ | þ̣ /θˤ/ | ğ /ɣ/ |
| ğ̣ /ɣˤ/ | ħ /ħ/ | ɕ /ɕ/ | ɦ /ɦ/ |
| ʁ /ʁ/ | ʁ̣ /ʁˤ/ | ʑ /ʑ/ | ʡ /ʡ/ |
| χ /χ/ | χ̣ /χˤ/ | ẽ /ə̃/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| ai /ai/ | au /au/ | ch /ᵏǀʰ/ |
| chw /ᵏǀʰʷ/ | cḥ /ᵏǀʰˤ/ | cw /ᵏǀʷ/ |
| dd /ɗ/ | ddw /ɗʷ/ | dḍ /ɗˤ/ |
| dw /dʷ/ | gw /ɡʷ/ | għ /ʕ/ |
| jj /ʄ/ | kh /kʰ/ | khw /xʷ/ |
| kḥ /kʰˤ/ | qu /kʷ/ | quh /kʰʷ/ |
| qw /qʷ/ | rd /ɖ/ | rdd /ᶑ/ |
| rr /ɽ/ | rs /ʂ/ | rt /ʈ/ |
| rth /ʈʰ/ | rz /ʐ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
| sw /sʷ/ | th /tʰ/ | thw /tʰʷ/ |
| tḥ /tʰˤ/ | tw /tʷ/ | zh /ʒ/ |
| zw /zʷ/ | ðw /ðʷ/ | þw /θʷ/ |
| ğw /ɣʷ/ | ħg /ɢ/ | ħgw /ɢʷ/ |
| ħg̣ /ɢˤ/ | ħħ /ʜ/ | ɔi /ɔi/ |
| ʁw /ʁʷ/ | χw /χʷ/ | ’ /ʔ/ |
Diacritics
| ◌̄ /꜒/ | ◌̠ /꜖/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Sqa does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Sqa does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Sqa can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
- </vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur">
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur"> - <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS"> + <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" number="plur" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+t au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤtau꜖</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="zʷ+ɡʷ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="d ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">də꜖</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ+ɢʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɢʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after" ph="ʑ+dʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑdʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ɕ+kʰˤ/ + /ɡ/ > // + /ɕ+kʰˤ/<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+t au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤtau꜖</word>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+t au ꜖">sˤtau꜖</word>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="zʷ+ɡʷ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="zʷ+ɡʷ ɨ ꜒">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="d ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">də꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ+ɢʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɢʷɔi꜒</word>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="d ə ꜖">də꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ a θ ə ꜖" underlying="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɕkʰˤaθə꜖</word>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ+ɢʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɢʷɔi꜒</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after" ph="ʑ+dʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑdʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after" ph="ʑ+dʷ ɨ ꜖">ʑdʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+t au ꜖">sˤtau꜖</word> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="zʷ+ɡʷ ɨ ꜒">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="d ə ꜖">də꜖</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ a θ ə ꜖" underlying="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɕkʰˤaθə꜖</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ+ɢʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɢʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after" ph="ʑ+dʷ ɨ ꜖">ʑdʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">sˤtau꜖</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">də꜖</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɕkʰˤaθə꜖</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner">zʷɢʷɔi꜒,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" comma="after">ʑdʷɨ꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤtau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɡʷɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˤɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">də꜖</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɢʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sˤtau꜖ ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ ðʷa꜒ zʷɡʷɨ꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ də꜖ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤaθə꜖ zʷɢʷɔi꜒, zʷɔi꜒ ʑdʷɨ꜖</p> + <p>ðwā ṣtau̠ ʁ̣shṭẽ̄ ðwā zwgwȳ ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ de̠ ztḥyɕkḥaþe̠ zwħgwɔī, zwɔī ʑdwy̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤtau꜖</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɡʷɨ꜒</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰˤɨ꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>də꜖</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɢʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā ṣtau̠ ʁ̣shṭẽ̄ ðwā zwgwȳ ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ de̠ ztḥyɕkḥaþe̠ zwħgwɔī, zwɔī ʑdwy̠. [ðʷa꜒ sˤtau꜖ ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ ðʷa꜒ zʷɡʷɨ꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ də꜖ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤaθə꜖ zʷɢʷɔi꜒, zʷɔi꜒ ʑdʷɨ꜖] ðʷa꜒ the sˤtau꜖ woman ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ COMIT ðʷa꜒ the zʷɡʷɨ꜒ knife ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative kʰˤɨ꜒ catch ʡə̃ PAST də꜖ yon ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ- plur ɡaθə꜖ mouse zʷɢʷɔi꜒ three zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑdʷɨ꜖ blind “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
The nominal phrase clitics in Sqa fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: a clitic expressing possessor, comprising rth /ʈʰᵊ/ ‘1incl.sing’, qe /qə/ ‘1excl.sing’, þ /θᵊ/ ‘2.sing’, zh /ʒᵊ/ ‘3.sing’, ħgy /ɢɨ/ ‘1incl.plur’, ta /ta/ ‘1excl.plur’, rzque /ʐkʷə/ ‘2.plur’ and zhkḥa /ʒkʰˤa/ ‘3.plur’ followed by a clitic expressing case, comprising ʑʡ /ʑʡᵊ/ ‘ERG’, cḥa /ᵏǀʰˤa/ ‘DAT’, rddy /ᶑɨ/ ‘INS’, dda /ɗa/ ‘VOC’, zhḍa /ʒdˤa/ ‘ALL’, shtḥ /ʃtʰˤᵊ/ ‘LOC’, ðwy /ðʷɨ/ ‘ABL’ and srthy /sʈʰɨ/ ‘PART’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Sqa.
The Noun
The noun in Sqa consists of an optional prefix expressing number, comprising ztḥyɕkḥ- /ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 39 suffixes, namely -ẓ /-zˤᵊ/ ‘little’, -’e /-ʔə/ ‘big’, -dd /-ɗᵊ/ ‘old’, -xẽ /-xə#/ ‘new’, -da /-da/ ‘good’, -khe /-kʰə/ ‘bad’, -ṣḳ /-sˤkˤᵊ/ ‘make’, -h /-hᵊ/ ‘help’, -s’a /-sʔa/ ‘have’, -quy /-kʷɨ/ ‘use’, -zw’y /-zʷʔɨ/ ‘see’, -ṣq̣e /-sˤqˤə/ ‘break’, -ẓe /-zˤə/ ‘eat’, -ʁa /-ʁa/ ‘drink’, -zhħg̣a /-ʒɢˤa/ ‘wear’, -ħg̣e /-ɢˤə/ ‘own’, -ḍy /-dˤɨ/ ‘contain’, -ẓrthy /-zˤʈʰɨ/ ‘hold’, -que /-kʷə/ ‘lack’, -ẓka /-zˤka/ ‘touch’, -rzqwẽ /-ʐqʷə#/ ‘carry’, -ẓħge /-zˤɢə/ ‘find’, -swqwy /-sʷqʷɨ/ ‘hunt’, -ʡa /-ʡa/ ‘guard’, -ɦ /-ɦᵊ/ ‘search’, -dwe /-dʷə/ ‘learn’, -ddwe /-ɗʷə/ ‘teach’, -rzthw /-ʐtʰʷᵊ/ ‘follow’, -swa /-sʷa/ ‘chase’, -dwy /-dʷɨ/ ‘build’, -zwga /-zʷɡa/ ‘burn’, -ṣa /-sˤa/ ‘hit’, -għa /-ʕa/ ‘take’, -swʡẽ /-sʷʡə#/ ‘cut’, -shthwa /-ʃtʰʷa/ ‘hear’, -zħg̣ẽ /-zɢˤə#/ ‘know’, -ṣrtha /-sˤʈʰa/ ‘love’, -rstha /-ʂtʰa/ ‘protect’ and -zha /-ʒa/ ‘possess’
The Adjective
The adjective in Sqa stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Sqa stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Sqa stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Sqa stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
In Sqa, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a" slots="Cms V2">sˤʈʰa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /sˤ+ʈʰ/ > // + /sˤ+ʈʰ/<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a" slots="Cms V2">sˤʈʰa</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a">sˤʈʰa</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a">sˤʈʰa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">sˤʈʰa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂtʰˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-sˤʈʰa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ʂtʰˤasˤʈʰa</p> + <p>swʡ rstḥaṣrtha</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂtʰˤa꜒</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-sˤʈʰa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rstḥaṣrtha. [sʷʡᵊ ʂtʰˤasˤʈʰa] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʂtʰˤa꜒ girl -sˤʈʰa love “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a" slots="Cms V2">sˤʈʰa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /sˤ+ʈʰ/ > // + /sˤ+ʈʰ/<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word>
- <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a" slots="Cms V2">sˤʈʰa</thingy>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a">sˤʈʰa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ a">sˤʈʰa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">sa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" underlying="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">sˤʈʰa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂtʰˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-sˤʈʰa</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span></p> + <p>sa꜖ sʷʡᵊ ʂtʰˤasˤʈʰa</p> + <p>sa̠ swʡ rstḥaṣrtha</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sa꜖</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂtʰˤa꜒</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-sˤʈʰa</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Sa̠ swʡ rstḥaṣrtha. [sa꜖ sʷʡᵊ ʂtʰˤasˤʈʰa] sa꜖ 3.sing sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʂtʰˤa꜒ girl -sˤʈʰa love “He loves her.” | (3) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Rizahta hates Kithau."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Rizahta" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɽ ɨ ʑ+tʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="dˤ a ɗʷ ɔi ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Kithau" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="kˤ ɨ ðʷ au ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kˤɨðʷau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Rizahta hates Kithau.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Rizahta" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɽ ɨ ʑ+tʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="dˤ a ɗʷ ɔi ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Rizahta" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɽ ɨ ʑ+tʷ a ꜒">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="dˤ a ɗʷ ɔi ꜖">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Kithau" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="kˤ ɨ ðʷ au ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kˤɨðʷau꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Kithau" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="kˤ ɨ ðʷ au ꜖">kˤɨðʷau꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Rizahta hates Kithau."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Rizahta" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɽ ɨ ʑ+tʷ a ꜒">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="dˤ a ɗʷ ɔi ꜖">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Kithau" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="kˤ ɨ ðʷ au ꜖">kˤɨðʷau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Rizahta" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Kithau" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">kˤɨðʷau꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">Rizahta</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kˤɨðʷau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">Kithau</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ ɽɨʑtʷa꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ dˤaɗʷɔi꜖ ðʷa꜒ kˤɨðʷau꜖</p> + <p>ðwā Rryʑtwā ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ḍaddwɔi̠ ðwā Ḳyðwau̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʑtʷa꜒</o> + <g>Rizahta</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤaɗʷɔi꜖</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kˤɨðʷau꜖</o> + <g>Kithau</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā Rryʑtwā ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ḍaddwɔi̠ ðwā Ḳyðwau̠. [ðʷa꜒ ɽɨʑtʷa꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ dˤaɗʷɔi꜖ ðʷa꜒ kˤɨðʷau꜖] ðʷa꜒ the ɽɨʑtʷa꜒ Rizahta ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS dˤaɗʷɔi꜖ hate ðʷa꜒ the kˤɨðʷau꜖ Kithau “Rizahta hates Kithau.” | (4) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">ʃə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span></p> + <p>ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖</p> + <p>zh ðwā ḍazwthwy̠ ðwā she̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃə꜖</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
zh ðwā ḍazwthwy̠ ðwā she̠ [ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖] ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ apple ðʷa꜒ the ʃə꜖ boy “the boy’s apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">sa꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ sa꜖</p> + <p>zh ðwā ḍazwthwy̠ sa̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sa꜖</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
zh ðwā ḍazwthwy̠ sa̠ [ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ sa꜖] ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ apple sa꜖ 3.sing “his (the boy’s) apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="q ə" slots="Cip V2">qə</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="q ə" slots="Cip V2">qə</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="q ə">qə</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="q ə">qə</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">qə</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="ABS">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p> + <p>qə ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</p> + <p>qe ðwā ḍazwthwy̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>qə</o> + <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
qe ðwā ḍazwthwy̠ [qə ðʷa꜒ dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖] qə 1excl.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ apple “my apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG" role="subj" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG" role="subj" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sʷ ᵊ s+k ai ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʷᵊskai꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤa꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">θᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰ ᵊ zˤ+kʷ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sʷ ᵊ s+k ai ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʷᵊskai꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sʷ ᵊ s+k ai ꜒">sʷᵊskai꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤa꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">θᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖">sˤa꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ">θᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰ ᵊ zˤ+kʷ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰ ᵊ zˤ+kʷ ə ꜖">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sʷ ᵊ s+k ai ꜒">sʷᵊskai꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖">sˤa꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ">θᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰ ᵊ zˤ+kʷ ə ꜖">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sʷᵊskai꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">sˤa꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">θᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷᵊskai꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span></p> + <p>ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃkʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sʷᵊskai꜒ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ sˤa꜖ θᵊ ðʷa꜒ ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</p> + <p>zh ðwā shquy̠ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ swskaī ʡẽ zh ðwā ṣa̠ þ ðwā chẓque̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷᵊskai꜒</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤa꜖</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>θᵊ</o> + <g>2.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Zh ðwā shquy̠ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ swskaī ʡẽ zh ðwā ṣa̠ þ ðwā chẓque̠. [ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃkʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sʷᵊskai꜒ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ sˤa꜖ θᵊ ðʷa꜒ ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖] ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the ʃkʷɨ꜖ daughter ðʷa꜒ the ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ hunter ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS sʷᵊskai꜒ kiss ʡə̃ PAST ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the sˤa꜖ son θᵊ 2.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the ᵏǀʰᵊzˤkʷə꜖ neighbour “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (8) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p> + <p>ɽɨʁa꜒</p> + <p>rryʁā</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rryʁā [ɽɨʁa꜒] ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb “a lamb” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /zˤ/ > // + /zˤ/<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">zˤᵊ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span></p> + <p>ɽɨʁazˤᵊ</p> + <p>rryʁaẓ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zˤᵊ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rryʁaẓ [ɽɨʁazˤᵊ] ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb -zˤᵊ little “a little lamb” | (10) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a" slots="Cms V2">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /zˤ/ > // + /zˤ//ᵊ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /s+ʔ/
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a" slots="Cms V2">sʔa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a">sʔa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-sʔa</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ɽɨʁazˤsʔa ʡə̃</p> + <p>swʡ rryʁaẓs’a ʡẽ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zˤᵊ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-sʔa</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rryʁaẓs’a ʡẽ. [sʷʡᵊ ɽɨʁazˤsʔa ʡə̃] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb -zˤᵊ little -sʔa have ʡə̃ PAST “She had a little lamb.” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_verb
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
- </subs>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a" slots="Cms V2">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="zʷ+ɡˤ ə" slots="Cms V2">zʷɡˤə</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /zˤ/ > // + /zˤ//ᵊ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /s+ʔ/
/a/ + /zʷ+ɡˤ/ > /a/ + /zʷ+ɡˤ/
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a" slots="Cms V2">sʔa</thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="zʷ+ɡˤ ə" slots="Cms V2">zʷɡˤə</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="zʷ+ɡˤ ə">zʷɡˤə</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="s+ʔ a">sʔa</thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="zʷ+ɡˤ ə">zʷɡˤə</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" underlying="zˤ ᵊ">zˤ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">sʔa</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb">zʷɡˤə</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-sʔa</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zʷɡˤə</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ɽɨʁazˤsʔazʷɡˤə ʡə̃</p> + <p>swʡ rryʁaẓs’azwg̣e ʡẽ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zˤᵊ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-sʔa</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zʷɡˤə</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rryʁaẓs’azwg̣e ʡẽ. [sʷʡᵊ ɽɨʁazˤsʔazʷɡˤə ʡə̃] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb -zˤᵊ little -sʔa have -zʷɡˤə want ʡə̃ PAST “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
- </word>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /zˤ/ > // + /zˤ/<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʡə꜖</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtʰa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖">ʡə꜖</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖">kʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖">ʑtʰa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">zˤᵊ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑtʰa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ sə̃ ʡə꜖ kʷɨ꜖ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʑtʰa꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ɽɨʁazˤᵊ</p> + <p>swʡ sẽ ʡe̠ quy̠ ʡẽ swʡ ʑtha̠ ʡẽ zh rryʁaẓ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə꜖</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑtʰa꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zˤᵊ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ sẽ ʡe̠ quy̠ ʡẽ swʡ ʑtha̠ ʡẽ zh rryʁaẓ. [sʷʡᵊ sə̃ ʡə꜖ kʷɨ꜖ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʑtʰa꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ɽɨʁazˤᵊ] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS ʡə꜖ want kʷɨ꜖ often ʡə̃ PAST sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʑtʰa꜖ have ʡə̃ PAST ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb -zˤᵊ little “She often wanted to have a little lamb.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>think</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>think</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ABS">
+ <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ABS">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
- </word>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
- </np>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> - <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG" ph="ʃ+tʷ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʃtʷᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+k a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ska꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="zˤ au ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zˤau꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /zˤ/ > // + /zˤ/<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG" ph="ʃ+tʷ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʃtʷᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+k a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ska꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG" ph="ʃ+tʷ ᵊ">ʃtʷᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+k a ꜖">ska꜖</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="zˤ au ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zˤau꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="zˤ au ꜒">zˤau꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʡə꜖</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtʰa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɽɨʁa꜒</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ" slots="Cms V2">zˤᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sa꜖</word> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG" ph="ʃ+tʷ ᵊ">ʃtʷᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s+k a ꜖">ska꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="zˤ au ꜒">zˤau꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʡ ə ꜖">ʡə꜖</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="kʷ ɨ ꜖">kʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ+tʰ a ꜖">ʑtʰa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" ph="ɽ ɨ ʁ a" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="zˤ ᵊ">zˤᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="s a ꜖">sa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.2.sing.NEG">ʃtʷᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="2.sing" obj="3.sing">ska꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">zˤau꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">ʡə꜖</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">kʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʑtʰa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" underlying="ɽ ɨ ʁ a ꜒">ɽɨʁa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">zˤᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">sa꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃtʷᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.2.sing.<span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ska꜖</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤau꜒</span><br><span class="gls">think</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑtʰa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨʁa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-zˤᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ʃtʷᵊ ska꜖ sʷʡᵊ zˤau꜒ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʡə꜖ kʷɨ꜖ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʑtʰa꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ɽɨʁazˤᵊ ʒᵊ sa꜖</p> + <p>swʡ shtw ska̠ swʡ ẓaū ʡẽ swʡ ʡe̠ quy̠ ʡẽ swʡ ʑtha̠ ʡẽ zh rryʁaẓ zh sa̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃtʷᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.2.sing.NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ska꜖</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤau꜒</o> + <g>think</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə꜖</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑtʰa꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨʁa꜒</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-zˤᵊ</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sa꜖</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ shtw ska̠ swʡ ẓaū ʡẽ swʡ ʡe̠ quy̠ ʡẽ swʡ ʑtha̠ ʡẽ zh rryʁaẓ zh sa̠? [sʷʡᵊ ʃtʷᵊ ska꜖ sʷʡᵊ zˤau꜒ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʡə꜖ kʷɨ꜖ ʡə̃ sʷʡᵊ ʑtʰa꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ɽɨʁazˤᵊ ʒᵊ sa꜖] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʃtʷᵊ 3.sing.2.sing.NEG ska꜖ be sʷʡᵊ active.indicative zˤau꜒ think ʡə̃ PAST sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʡə꜖ want kʷɨ꜖ often ʡə̃ PAST sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʑtʰa꜖ have ʡə̃ PAST ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ɽɨʁa꜒ lamb -zˤᵊ little ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS sa꜖ 3.sing “Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?” | (14) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Sqa fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing obj.subj.negation, comprising cw /ᵏǀʷᵊ/ ‘none.1incl.sing.NEG’, skh /skʰᵊ/ ‘none.1incl.sing.POS’, srt /sʈᵊ/ ‘none.1excl.sing.NEG’, xe /xə/ ‘none.1excl.sing.POS’, þwa /θʷa/ ‘none.2.sing.NEG’, shthwy /ʃtʰʷɨ/ ‘none.2.sing.POS’, ğa /ɣa/ ‘none.3.sing.NEG’, ja /ja/ ‘none.3.sing.POS’, shrthẽ /ʃʈʰə#/ ‘none.1incl.plur.NEG’, gwy /ɡʷɨ/ ‘none.1incl.plur.POS’, zwrdy /zʷɖɨ/ ‘none.1excl.plur.NEG’, qẽ /qə#/ ‘none.1excl.plur.POS’, ddwe /ɗʷə/ ‘none.2.plur.NEG’, c̣a /ᵏǀˤa/ ‘none.2.plur.POS’, swqy /sʷqɨ/ ‘none.3.plur.NEG’, rda /ɖa/ ‘none.3.plur.POS’, ṣthwe /sˤtʰʷə/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.sing.NEG’, dḍa /ɗˤa/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.sing.POS’, rzdy /ʐdɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.sing.NEG’, zhtha /ʒtʰa/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.sing.POS’, ky /kɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.2.sing.NEG’, khwa /xʷa/ ‘1incl.sing.2.sing.POS’, shq̣y /ʃqˤɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.3.sing.NEG’, zkḥa /zkʰˤa/ ‘1incl.sing.3.sing.POS’, ẓq̣a /zˤqˤa/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.plur.NEG’, rzgwy /ʐɡʷɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.1incl.plur.POS’, rsty /ʂtɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.plur.NEG’, twa /tʷa/ ‘1incl.sing.1excl.plur.POS’, ṣe /sˤə/ ‘1incl.sing.2.plur.NEG’, rsqa /ʂqa/ ‘1incl.sing.2.plur.POS’, ṣḳa /sˤkˤa/ ‘1incl.sing.3.plur.NEG’, squy /skʷɨ/ ‘1incl.sing.3.plur.POS’, zkhy /zkʰɨ/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.sing.NEG’, ħga /ɢa/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.sing.POS’, ð /ðᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.sing.NEG’, rdy /ɖɨ/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.sing.POS’, kḥa /kʰˤa/ ‘1excl.sing.2.sing.NEG’, khe /kʰə/ ‘1excl.sing.2.sing.POS’, swqua /sʷkʷa/ ‘1excl.sing.3.sing.NEG’, ṣq /sˤqᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.sing.POS’, zwḳ /zʷkˤᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.plur.NEG’, ẓa /zˤa/ ‘1excl.sing.1incl.plur.POS’, zrtha /zʈʰa/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.plur.NEG’, ɕrth /ɕʈʰᵊ/ ‘1excl.sing.1excl.plur.POS’, swtwy /sʷtʷɨ/ ‘1excl.sing.2.plur.NEG’, rstwa /ʂtʷa/ ‘1excl.sing.2.plur.POS’, dwa /dʷa/ ‘1excl.sing.3.plur.NEG’, ʁ̣y /ʁˤɨ/ ‘1excl.sing.3.plur.POS’, x̣ /xˤᵊ/ ‘2.sing.1incl.sing.NEG’, quy /kʷɨ/ ‘2.sing.1incl.sing.POS’, ʑga /ʑɡa/ ‘2.sing.1excl.sing.NEG’, rdd /ᶑᵊ/ ‘2.sing.1excl.sing.POS’, þ̣e /θˤə/ ‘2.sing.2.sing.NEG’, rd /ɖᵊ/ ‘2.sing.2.sing.POS’, zwqw /zʷqʷᵊ/ ‘2.sing.3.sing.NEG’, ʑa /ʑa/ ‘2.sing.3.sing.POS’, ʡa /ʡa/ ‘2.sing.1incl.plur.NEG’, ztw /ztʷᵊ/ ‘2.sing.1incl.plur.POS’, ʑqu /ʑkʷᵊ/ ‘2.sing.1excl.plur.NEG’, zhḍy /ʒdˤɨ/ ‘2.sing.1excl.plur.POS’, ḍe /dˤə/ ‘2.sing.2.plur.NEG’, ğwe /ɣʷə/ ‘2.sing.2.plur.POS’, tḥe /tʰˤə/ ‘2.sing.3.plur.NEG’, rtha /ʈʰa/ ‘2.sing.3.plur.POS’, ğ̣y /ɣˤɨ/ ‘3.sing.1incl.sing.NEG’, jja /ʄa/ ‘3.sing.1incl.sing.POS’, rzkhy /ʐkʰɨ/ ‘3.sing.1excl.sing.NEG’, q̣ẽ /qˤə#/ ‘3.sing.1excl.sing.POS’, shtw /ʃtʷᵊ/ ‘3.sing.2.sing.NEG’, rzka /ʐka/ ‘3.sing.2.sing.POS’, zd /zdᵊ/ ‘3.sing.3.sing.NEG’, sẽ /sə#/ ‘3.sing.3.sing.POS’, da /da/ ‘3.sing.1incl.plur.NEG’, ḍy /dˤɨ/ ‘3.sing.1incl.plur.POS’, gwa /ɡʷa/ ‘3.sing.1excl.plur.NEG’, swḳe /sʷkˤə/ ‘3.sing.1excl.plur.POS’, sṭ /stˤᵊ/ ‘3.sing.2.plur.NEG’, kḥ /kʰˤᵊ/ ‘3.sing.2.plur.POS’, swthwa /sʷtʰʷa/ ‘3.sing.3.plur.NEG’, sthwẽ /stʰʷə#/ ‘3.sing.3.plur.POS’, ṣ /sˤᵊ/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.sing.NEG’, għa /ʕa/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.sing.POS’, zdy /zdɨ/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.sing.NEG’, kha /kʰa/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.sing.POS’, ğ̣ /ɣˤᵊ/ ‘1incl.plur.2.sing.NEG’, sq̣a /sqˤa/ ‘1incl.plur.2.sing.POS’, shta /ʃta/ ‘1incl.plur.3.sing.NEG’, c̣ẽ /ᵏǀˤə#/ ‘1incl.plur.3.sing.POS’, ʑta /ʑta/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.plur.NEG’, swq̣a /sʷqˤa/ ‘1incl.plur.1incl.plur.POS’, thẽ /tʰə#/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.plur.NEG’, ẓħga /zˤɢa/ ‘1incl.plur.1excl.plur.POS’, zha /ʒa/ ‘1incl.plur.2.plur.NEG’, zhdẽ /ʒdə#/ ‘1incl.plur.2.plur.POS’, dy /dɨ/ ‘1incl.plur.3.plur.NEG’, d /dᵊ/ ‘1incl.plur.3.plur.POS’, ʡe /ʡə/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.sing.NEG’, ğ̣a /ɣˤa/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.sing.POS’, χ̣ /χˤᵊ/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.sing.NEG’, swe /sʷə/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.sing.POS’, zhʡe /ʒʡə/ ‘1excl.plur.2.sing.NEG’, zhq̣y /ʒqˤɨ/ ‘1excl.plur.2.sing.POS’, ʁ̣ /ʁˤᵊ/ ‘1excl.plur.3.sing.NEG’, rzd /ʐdᵊ/ ‘1excl.plur.3.sing.POS’, rsque /ʂkʷə/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.plur.NEG’, ð̣ /ðˤᵊ/ ‘1excl.plur.1incl.plur.POS’, għe /ʕə/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.plur.NEG’, sha /ʃa/ ‘1excl.plur.1excl.plur.POS’, shqwy /ʃqʷɨ/ ‘1excl.plur.2.plur.NEG’, ddwa /ɗʷa/ ‘1excl.plur.2.plur.POS’, ʑħgwe /ʑɢʷə/ ‘1excl.plur.3.plur.NEG’, zħg̣e /zɢˤə/ ‘1excl.plur.3.plur.POS’, je /jə/ ‘2.plur.1incl.sing.NEG’, ʑrt /ʑʈᵊ/ ‘2.plur.1incl.sing.POS’, ʁwa /ʁʷa/ ‘2.plur.1excl.sing.NEG’, ṣthwa /sˤtʰʷa/ ‘2.plur.1excl.sing.POS’, ch /ᵏǀʰᵊ/ ‘2.plur.2.sing.NEG’, dḍẽ /ɗˤə#/ ‘2.plur.2.sing.POS’, swth /sʷtʰᵊ/ ‘2.plur.3.sing.NEG’, khwy /xʷɨ/ ‘2.plur.3.sing.POS’, zw /zʷᵊ/ ‘2.plur.1incl.plur.NEG’, quh /kʰʷᵊ/ ‘2.plur.1incl.plur.POS’, ẓ’ /zˤʔᵊ/ ‘2.plur.1excl.plur.NEG’, dwe /dʷə/ ‘2.plur.1excl.plur.POS’, ’ /ʔᵊ/ ‘2.plur.2.plur.NEG’, ðy /ðɨ/ ‘2.plur.2.plur.POS’, rzḳa /ʐkˤa/ ‘2.plur.3.plur.NEG’, zhy /ʒɨ/ ‘2.plur.3.plur.POS’, rdda /ᶑa/ ‘3.plur.1incl.sing.NEG’, za /za/ ‘3.plur.1incl.sing.POS’, rse /ʂə/ ‘3.plur.1excl.sing.NEG’, ħgwẽ /ɢʷə#/ ‘3.plur.1excl.sing.POS’, zwħg̣a /zʷɢˤa/ ‘3.plur.2.sing.NEG’, cwa /ᵏǀʷa/ ‘3.plur.2.sing.POS’, ɕḳa /ɕkˤa/ ‘3.plur.3.sing.NEG’, xa /xa/ ‘3.plur.3.sing.POS’, χe /χə/ ‘3.plur.1incl.plur.NEG’, shḳy /ʃkˤɨ/ ‘3.plur.1incl.plur.POS’, cwe /ᵏǀʷə/ ‘3.plur.1excl.plur.NEG’, ð̣y /ðˤɨ/ ‘3.plur.1excl.plur.POS’, zhdw /ʒdʷᵊ/ ‘3.plur.2.plur.NEG’, qwy /qʷɨ/ ‘3.plur.2.plur.POS’, rsth /ʂtʰᵊ/ ‘3.plur.3.plur.NEG’ and cha /ᵏǀʰa/ ‘3.plur.3.plur.POS’; second, a clitic expressing voice.mode, comprising swʡ /sʷʡᵊ/ ‘active.indicative’, cḥ /ᵏǀʰˤᵊ/ ‘active.imperative’, rste /ʂtə/ ‘active.conditional’, zwte /zʷtə/ ‘active.optative’, zqwy /zqʷɨ/ ‘passive.indicative’, zwkhe /zʷkʰə/ ‘passive.imperative’, ṭa /tˤa/ ‘passive.conditional’ and rsqy /ʂqɨ/ ‘passive.optative’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing ta, comprising ʡẽ /ʡə#/ ‘PAST’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 19 suffixes, namely -ɦy /-ɦɨ/ ‘begin’, -the /-tʰə/ ‘stop’, -stḥa /-stʰˤa/ ‘continue’, -rsẽ /-ʂə#/ ‘try’, -khw /-xʷᵊ/ ‘start’, -zwg̣e /-zʷɡˤə/ ‘want’, -þwy /-θʷɨ/ ‘can’, -twe /-tʷə/ ‘finish’, -ħa /-ħa/ ‘need’, -χwa /-χʷa/ ‘decide’, -s’y /-sʔɨ/ ‘fail’, -dḍ /-ɗˤᵊ/ ‘hope’, -g /-ɡᵊ/ ‘must’, -rzḍ /-ʐdˤᵊ/ ‘pretend’, -ʁ̣ /-ʁˤᵊ/ ‘let’, -rsrtha /-ʂʈʰa/ ‘force’, -rzkḥ /-ʐkʰˤᵊ/ ‘keep’, -swtha /-sʷtʰa/ ‘cause’ and -zgwe /-zɡʷə/ ‘allow’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="ᶑ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ᶑᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">xɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="ᶑ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ᶑᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="ᶑ ᵊ">ᶑᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒">tˤa꜒</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">xɨ꜒</word> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒">xɨ꜒</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="ᶑ ᵊ">ᶑᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒">tˤa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒">xɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.1excl.sing.POS">ᶑᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">tˤa꜒</word> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">xɨ꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᶑᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ᶑᵊ tˤa꜒ xɨ꜒</p> + <p>swʡ rdd ṭā xȳ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᶑᵊ</o> + <g>2.sing.1excl.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤa꜒</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xɨ꜒</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rdd ṭā xȳ. [sʷʡᵊ ᶑᵊ tˤa꜒ xɨ꜒] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ᶑᵊ 2.sing.1excl.sing.POS tˤa꜒ love xɨ꜒ 2.sing “I love you.” | (15) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ʒ+d a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʒda꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">stʰʷɨ꜖</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ʒ+d a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʒda꜒</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ʒ+d a ꜒">ʒda꜒</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">stʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">stʰʷɨ꜖</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ʒ+d a ꜒">ʒda꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">stʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ʒda꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">stʰʷɨ꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒda꜒</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʰʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span></p> + <p>ʒda꜒ ðʷa꜒ stʰʷɨ꜖</p> + <p>zhdā ðwā sthwy̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒda꜒</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʰʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
zhdā ðwā sthwy̠ [ʒda꜒ ðʷa꜒ stʰʷɨ꜖] ʒda꜒ in_surface ðʷa꜒ the stʰʷɨ꜖ table “on the table” | (16) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">hɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+kʷ ᵊ ʐ+ɡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">hɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h ɨ ꜖">hɨ꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+kʷ ᵊ ʐ+ɡ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+kʷ ᵊ ʐ+ɡ ə ꜖">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h ɨ ꜖">hɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+kʷ ᵊ ʐ+ɡ ə ꜖">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</word> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">hɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span></p> + <p>hɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</p> + <p>hy̠ ðwā ʑqurzge̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hɨ꜖</o> + <g>to_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
hy̠ ðwā ʑqurzge̠ [hɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖] hɨ꜖ to_inside ðʷa꜒ the ʑkʷᵊʐɡə꜖ box “into the box” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ʁˤ ᵊ ʃ+tˤ ə# ꜒">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə#꜒</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">χˤɔi꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">χˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ χˤɔi꜒</p> + <p>ʁ̣shṭẽ̄ χ̣ɔī</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>χˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ʁ̣shṭẽ̄ χ̣ɔī [ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ χˤɔi꜒] ʁˤᵊʃtˤə̃꜒ COMIT χˤɔi꜒ 1excl.sing “with me” | (18) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Sqa employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Sqa.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ð ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ð ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðɨ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ð ɨ ꜒">ðɨ꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ð ɨ ꜒">ðɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ðɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sʔazdˤɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ ðɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</p> + <p>ðwā s’azḍɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ðȳ ʡẽ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔazdˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðɨ꜒</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā s’azḍɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ðȳ ʡẽ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄. [ðʷa꜒ sʔazdˤɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ ðɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒] ðʷa꜒ the sʔazdˤɔi꜒ jaguar ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS ðɨ꜒ kill ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ hunter “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ABS">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʒdʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʒdʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dʷ a ꜒">ʒdʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dʷ a ꜒">ʒdʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ʃ+kʷ ɨ ꜖">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ʒdʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ʃkʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="ABS">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤə̃꜖</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒdʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʒdʷa꜒ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃkʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</p> + <p>ðwā cḥeʑa̠ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ zh ðwā zhdwā zh ðwā shquy̠ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤə̃꜖</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒdʷa꜒</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā cḥeʑa̠ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ zh ðwā zhdwā zh ðwā shquy̠ ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄. [ðʷa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʒdʷa꜒ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃkʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒] ðʷa꜒ the ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖ lion ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS sˤə̃꜖ eat ʡə̃ PAST ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the ʒdʷa꜒ dog ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the ʃkʷɨ꜖ daughter ðʷa꜒ the ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ hunter “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (20) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Sqa reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Sqa expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="ABS" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing" case="ABS"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="j ɨ ʁ ə" slots="C V C V">jɨʁə</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="kʰ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">θᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="j ɨ ʁ ə" slots="C V C V">jɨʁə</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="j ɨ ʁ ə">jɨʁə</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="kʰ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">θᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="kʰ ɨ ꜒">kʰɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ">θᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤa꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖">sˤa꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="j ɨ ʁ ə">jɨʁə</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" ph="kʰ ɨ ꜒">kʰɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="θ ᵊ">θᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS" ph="sˤ a ꜖">sˤa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">jɨʁə</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS">kʰɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">θᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="2.sing" case="ABS">sˤa꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɨʁə</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span></p> + <p>ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ jɨʁə ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ kʰɨ꜒ θᵊ ðʷa꜒ sˤa꜖</p> + <p>zh ðwā jyʁe zh ðwā khȳ þ ðwā ṣa̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɨʁə</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰɨ꜒</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>θᵊ</o> + <g>2.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤa꜖</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
zh ðwā jyʁe zh ðwā khȳ þ ðwā ṣa̠ [ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ jɨʁə ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ kʰɨ꜒ θᵊ ðʷa꜒ sˤa꜖] ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the jɨʁə book ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the kʰɨ꜒ friend θᵊ 2.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the sˤa꜖ son “your son’s friend’s book” | (21) |
Case Marking
Sqa uses ergative–absolutive case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the absolutive case, while the subject of a transitive verb is marked with the ergative case. From the point of view of such a system, this is a perfectly natural way to organise the clause: the absolutive marks the participant most directly involved in the event or state, while the ergative marks the additional participant that causes or controls a transitive event.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="sʷ+ʈʰ ɔi ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="sʷ+ʈʰ ɔi ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="sʷ+ʈʰ ɔi ꜖">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="sʷ+ʈʰ ɔi ꜖">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʈʰɔi꜖</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ sʷʡᵊ sʷʈʰɔi꜖</p> + <p>ðwā sau̠ swʡ swrthɔi̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʈʰɔi꜖</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā sau̠ swʡ swrthɔi̠. [ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ sʷʡᵊ sʷʈʰɔi꜖] ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sʷʈʰɔi꜖ sleep “The cat is sleeping.” | (22) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="s+kˤ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">skˤɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="s+kˤ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">skˤɨ꜖</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="s+kˤ ɨ ꜖">skˤɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="s+kˤ ɨ ꜖">skˤɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">skˤɨ꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">skˤɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ skˤɨ꜖</p> + <p>ðwā sau̠ sḳy̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>skˤɨ꜖</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā sau̠ sḳy̠. [ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ skˤɨ꜖] ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat skˤɨ꜖ run “The cat is running.” | (23) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="x a tʷ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">xatʷa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="x a tʷ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">xatʷa꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="x a tʷ a ꜖">xatʷa꜖</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="x a tʷ a ꜖">xatʷa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">xatʷa꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ɡaθə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xatʷa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ ʑʡᵊ sə̃ xatʷa꜖ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖</p> + <p>ðwā sau̠ ʑʡ sẽ xatwa̠ ðwā gaþe̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xatʷa꜖</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā sau̠ ʑʡ sẽ xatwa̠ ðwā gaþe̠. [ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ ʑʡᵊ sə̃ xatʷa꜖ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖] ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat ʑʡᵊ ERG sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS xatʷa꜖ chase ðʷa꜒ the ɡaθə꜖ mouse “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (24) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ɡaθə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˤɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖</p> + <p>ðwā sau̠ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰˤɨ꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā sau̠ ʑʡ swʡ sẽ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠. [ðʷa꜒ sau꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖] ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS kʰˤɨ꜒ catch ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ɡaθə꜖ mouse “The cat caught the mouse.” | (25) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS" ph="x a" slots="Cip V2">xa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ð ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sqʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ʔ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʔɨtˤɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sqʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ɕ+kʰˤ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /s+ʔ//ɕ+kʰˤ/ + /ʔ/ > // + /ɕ+kʰˤ/
/ɕ+kʰˤ/ + /ᵏǀʰˤ/ > // + /ɕ+kʰˤ/
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS" ph="x a" slots="Cip V2">xa</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ð ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðɨ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS" ph="x a">xa</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ð ɨ ꜒">ðɨ꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sqʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖">sqʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ʔ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʔɨtˤɔi꜒</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sqʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒" underlying="ʔ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒">ɕkʰˤɨtˤɔi꜒</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖">sqʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" underlying="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖">ɕkʰˤəʑa꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ ᵊ zˤ+ɡʷ ə# ꜒">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS" ph="x a">xa</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ð ɨ ꜒">ðɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="s+ʔ a z+dˤ ɔi ꜒">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖">sqʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒" underlying="ʔ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒">ɕkʰˤɨtˤɔi꜒</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s+qʷ ɨ ꜖">sqʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="z+tʰˤ ɨ" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" ph="ɕ+kʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖" underlying="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖">ɕkʰˤəʑa꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə#꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.3.sing.POS">xa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ðɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">sqʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" underlying="ʔ ɨ tˤ ɔi ꜒">ɕkʰˤɨtˤɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">sqʷɨ꜖</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="z+tʰˤ ɨ ɕ+kʰˤ">ztʰˤɨ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" underlying="ᵏǀʰˤ ə ʑ a ꜖">ɕkʰˤəʑa꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xa</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔazdˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sqʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔɨtˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sqʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ xa ðɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨsʔazdˤɔi꜒ sqʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤɨtˤɔi꜒ sqʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤəʑa꜖</p> + <p>ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄ ʑʡ swʡ xa ðȳ ʡẽ ðwā ztḥys’azḍɔī sqwy̠ ðwā ztḥyɕkḥyṭɔī sqwy̠ ðwā ztḥyɕkḥeʑa̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xa</o> + <g>3.plur.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðɨ꜒</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔazdˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sqʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔɨtˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sqʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā rzẓgwẽ̄ ʑʡ swʡ xa ðȳ ʡẽ ðwā ztḥys’azḍɔī sqwy̠ ðwā ztḥyɕkḥyṭɔī sqwy̠ ðwā ztḥyɕkḥeʑa̠. [ðʷa꜒ ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ xa ðɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨsʔazdˤɔi꜒ sqʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤɨtˤɔi꜒ sqʷɨ꜖ ðʷa꜒ ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤəʑa꜖] ðʷa꜒ the ʐᵊzˤɡʷə̃꜒ hunter ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative xa 3.plur.3.sing.POS ðɨ꜒ kill ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ- plur sʔazdˤɔi꜒ jaguar sqʷɨ꜖ and ðʷa꜒ the ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ- plur ʔɨtˤɔi꜒ tiger sqʷɨ꜖ and ðʷa꜒ the ztʰˤɨɕkʰˤ- plur ᵏǀʰˤəʑa꜖ lion “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (26) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Sqa provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Sqa forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#" slots="Cip V2">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#" slots="Cip V2">qˤə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#">qˤə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ qˤə̃ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖</p> + <p>swʡ q̣ẽ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qˤə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.1excl.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ q̣ẽ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠. [sʷʡᵊ qˤə̃ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative qˤə̃ 3.sing.1excl.sing.POS ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ pat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat “I patted the cat.” | (27) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">ɡaθə꜖</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˤɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖</p> + <p>swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰˤɨ꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠. [sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ pat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS kʰˤɨ꜒ catch ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ɡaθə꜖ mouse “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (28) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#" slots="Cip V2">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="s ə#">sə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ɡaθə꜖,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.3.sing.POS">sə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˤɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤə̃꜖</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</p> + <p>swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ ðwā rsqwedwɔī</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰˤɨ꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤə̃꜖</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ sẽ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ ðwā rsqwedwɔī. [sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sə̃ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ pat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative kʰˤɨ꜒ catch ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ɡaθə꜖ mouse zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sə̃ 3.sing.3.sing.POS sˤə̃꜖ eat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒ cheese “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (29) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#" slots="Cip V2">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʑ+t ə ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtə꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sau꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡaθə꜖</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤə#꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#" slots="Cip V2">qˤə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʑ+t ə ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑtə꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʑ+t ə ꜒">ʑtə꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʈʰ ɨ ɗʷ a ꜒">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="s au ꜖">sau꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="kʰˤ ɨ ꜒">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡ a θ ə ꜖">ɡaθə꜖</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="sˤ ə# ꜖">sˤə#꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+qʷ ə dʷ ɔi ꜒">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="zʷ ɔi ꜒">zʷɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS" ph="qˤ ə#">qˤə#</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="ʑ+t ə ꜒">ʑtə꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">sau꜖,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">kʰˤɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ɡaθə꜖,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">sˤə#꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" possessor="no.owner">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">zʷɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.1excl.sing.POS">qˤə#</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">ʑtə꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" comma="after">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰˤɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaθə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤə̃꜖</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zʷɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qˤə̃</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑtə꜒</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">χˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒, zʷɔi꜒ sʷʡᵊ qˤə̃ ʑtə꜒ ʡə̃ χˤɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ</p> + <p>swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ ðwā rsqwedwɔī, zwɔī swʡ q̣ẽ ʑtē ʡẽ χ̣ɔī ʑʡ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sau꜖</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰˤɨ꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaθə꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤə̃꜖</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zʷɔi꜒</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qˤə̃</o> + <g>3.sing.1excl.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑtə꜒</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>χˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ rthyddwā ʡẽ ðwā sau̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ kḥȳ ʡẽ ðwā gaþe̠, zwɔī ʑʡ swʡ ṣẽ̠ ʡẽ ðwā rsqwedwɔī, zwɔī swʡ q̣ẽ ʑtē ʡẽ χ̣ɔī ʑʡ. [sʷʡᵊ ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ sau꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ kʰˤɨ꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ɡaθə꜖, zʷɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sˤə̃꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒, zʷɔi꜒ sʷʡᵊ qˤə̃ ʑtə꜒ ʡə̃ χˤɔi꜒ ʑʡᵊ] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʈʰɨɗʷa꜒ pat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the sau꜖ cat zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative kʰˤɨ꜒ catch ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ɡaθə꜖ mouse zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sˤə̃꜖ eat ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ʂqʷədʷɔi꜒ cheese zʷɔi꜒ RELPRON sʷʡᵊ active.indicative qˤə̃ 3.sing.1excl.sing.POS ʑtə꜒ buy ʡə̃ PAST χˤɔi꜒ 1excl.sing ʑʡᵊ ERG “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (30) |
Complementation Strategies
Sqa forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG" role="subj" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ERG" role="subj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɡ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="ʑ+dˤ a sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ə s ə" slots="C V C V">θʷəsə</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɡ a ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡa꜖</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɡ a ꜖">ɡa꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="ʑ+dˤ a sˤ a ꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="ʑ+dˤ a sˤ a ꜖">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ə s ə" slots="C V C V">θʷəsə</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ə s ə">θʷəsə</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɡ a ꜖">ɡa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="dˤ a zʷ+tʰʷ ɨ ꜖">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="ʑ+dˤ a sˤ a ꜖">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="θʷ ə s ə">θʷəsə</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɡa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ERG">ʃə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">θʷəsə</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂtʰˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑdˤasˤa꜖</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θʷəsə</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span></p> + <p>sʷʡᵊ ɡa꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂtʰˤa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤa dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ ʑdˤasˤa꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ θʷəsə ᵏǀʰˤa</p> + <p>swʡ ga̠ ʡẽ ðwā rstḥā cḥa ḍazwthwy̠ zh ðwā she̠ ʑʡ swʡ ʑḍaṣa̠ ʡẽ ðwā þwese cḥa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡa꜖</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂtʰˤa꜒</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰˤa</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃə꜖</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑdˤasˤa꜖</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>θʷəsə</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰˤa</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Swʡ ga̠ ʡẽ ðwā rstḥā cḥa ḍazwthwy̠ zh ðwā she̠ ʑʡ swʡ ʑḍaṣa̠ ʡẽ ðwā þwese cḥa. [sʷʡᵊ ɡa꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂtʰˤa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤa dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ ʒᵊ ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ ʑdˤasˤa꜖ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ θʷəsə ᵏǀʰˤa] sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ɡa꜖ give ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ʂtʰˤa꜒ girl ᵏǀʰˤa DAT dˤazʷtʰʷɨ꜖ apple ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS ðʷa꜒ the ʃə꜖ boy ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative ʑdˤasˤa꜖ surprise ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the θʷəsə teacher ᵏǀʰˤa DAT “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (31) |
Quotes
Sqa employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ABS" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="ABS" role="obj" tr="rheme" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="2" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" person="1excl" case="ABS" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="sˤ+q ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sˤqᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">xɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ ə ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃə꜖</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cis V2">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="sˤ+q ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sˤqᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰʷa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#" slots="Cis V2">ʡə#</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="sˤ+q ᵊ">sˤqᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰʷ a ꜒">ʂtʰʷa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ðʷa꜒</word>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word>
- <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a" slots="Cis V2">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤa꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒">tˤa꜒</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">xɨ꜒</word>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒">xɨ꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ" slots="Cip V2">ʒᵊ</thingy>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">χˤɔi꜒</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ ə ꜖">ʃə꜖</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG" ph="ʑ+ʡ ᵊ">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS" ph="sˤ+q ᵊ">sˤqᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ʂ+tʰʷ a ꜒">ʂtʰʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʡ ə#">ʡə#</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ðʷ a ꜒">ðʷa꜒</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ+tʰˤ a ꜒">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="ᵏǀʰˤ a">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative" ph="sʷ+ʡ ᵊ">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="tˤ a ꜒">tˤa꜒</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="x ɨ ꜒">xɨ꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS" ph="ʒ ᵊ">ʒᵊ</thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme" ph="χˤ ɔi ꜒">χˤɔi꜒</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">ʃə꜖</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ERG">ʑʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj.subj.negation" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.3.sing.POS">sˤqᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">ʂtʰʷa꜒</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʡə#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ðʷa꜒</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">ʂtʰˤa꜒</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">ᵏǀʰˤa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.mode" function="proclitic" gloss="active.indicative">sʷʡᵊ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">tˤa꜒</word> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">xɨ꜒</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">ʒᵊ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing" case="ABS" tr="rheme">χˤɔi꜒</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃə꜖</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤqᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.3.sing.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂtʰʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡə̃</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðʷa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂtʰˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʰˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʷʡᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">active.indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤa꜒</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xɨ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒᵊ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">χˤɔi꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sˤqᵊ ʂtʰʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂtʰˤa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤa sʷʡᵊ tˤa꜒ xɨ꜒ ʒᵊ χˤɔi꜒</p> + <p>ðwā she̠ ʑʡ swʡ ṣq rsthwā ʡẽ ðwā rstḥā cḥa swʡ ṭā xȳ zh χ̣ɔī</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃə꜖</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʡᵊ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤqᵊ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.3.sing.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂtʰʷa꜒</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡə̃</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðʷa꜒</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂtʰˤa꜒</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀʰˤa</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʷʡᵊ</o> + <g>active.indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤa꜒</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xɨ꜒</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒᵊ</o> + <g>3.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>χˤɔi꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ðwā she̠ ʑʡ swʡ ṣq rsthwā ʡẽ ðwā rstḥā cḥa swʡ ṭā xȳ zh χ̣ɔī. [ðʷa꜒ ʃə꜖ ʑʡᵊ sʷʡᵊ sˤqᵊ ʂtʰʷa꜒ ʡə̃ ðʷa꜒ ʂtʰˤa꜒ ᵏǀʰˤa sʷʡᵊ tˤa꜒ xɨ꜒ ʒᵊ χˤɔi꜒] ðʷa꜒ the ʃə꜖ boy ʑʡᵊ ERG sʷʡᵊ active.indicative sˤqᵊ 1excl.sing.3.sing.POS ʂtʰʷa꜒ tell ʡə̃ PAST ðʷa꜒ the ʂtʰˤa꜒ girl ᵏǀʰˤa DAT sʷʡᵊ active.indicative tˤa꜒ love xɨ꜒ 2.sing ʒᵊ 3.sing.POSS χˤɔi꜒ 1excl.sing “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (32) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Sqa. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 29 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/6DGAP
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-6DGAP,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Sqa}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/6DGAP}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 29 October 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Sqa / Sqa–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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