A Grammar of Beg
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Beg language (the 810th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Beg.
Typological Profile
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Beg has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 29 phonemes.
It has a maximally developed dental–alveolar opposition and a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Beg. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | lateral | palatal | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | k ɡ | |||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| trill/tap/flap | r | |||||||
| fricative | f v | ð θ | s z | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ | h | ||
| approximant | w | l | j | |||||
| affricate | t͡s | d͡ʒ t͡ʃ |
Vowels
Beg has 11 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness, an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Beg. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | back | |
|---|---|---|
| close | i | u |
| close-mid | e | o |
| open-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| open | æ | ɑ |
Stress and Tones
Beg has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Beg is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /ɑ/ | b /b/ | d /d/ | e /e/ |
| f /f/ | g /ɡ/ | h /h/ | i /i/ |
| j /d͡ʒ/ | k /k/ | l /l/ | m /m/ |
| n /n/ | o /ɔ/ | p /p/ | r /r/ |
| s /s/ | t /t/ | u /u/ | v /v/ |
| w /w/ | y /j/ | z /z/ | ä /æ/ |
| æ /ɛ/ | ð /ð/ | ñ /ɲ/ | ó /o/ |
| ğ /ɣ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| ai /ai/ | au /au/ | ch /t͡ʃ/ |
| kh /x/ | ng /ŋ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
| th /θ/ | tz /t͡s/ | zh /ʒ/ |
| ɔi /ɔi/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Beg does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Beg does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Beg can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="θ ɔ ˈ v">θɔˈv</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="θ æ m au ˈ b">θæmauˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="m ɔ ˈ r">mɔˈr</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="f u ˈ f">fuˈf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ+d ɑ ˈ ɡ">ʒdɑˈɡ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b o ˈ ɣ">boˈɣ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="θ ɔ ˈ v">θɔˈv</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="θ æ m au ˈ b">θæmauˈb</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" ph="m ɔ ˈ r">mɔˈr</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="f u ˈ f">fuˈf</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ+d ɑ ˈ ɡ">ʒdɑˈɡ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="b o ˈ ɣ">boˈɣ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">θɔˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">θæmauˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">mɔˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">fuˈf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">ʒdɑˈɡ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">boˈɣ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθɔv</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θæˈmaub</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmɔr</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuz</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuf</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒdɑɡ</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboɣ</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æd</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈθɔvæv θæˈmaub ˈxes ˈmɔræv ˈsuz siʃ ˈfuf ˈʒdɑɡ ˈboɣ ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃædɑf</p> + <p>khes thoväv thämaub khes moräv suz sish fuf zhdag bóğ shkisauchädaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθɔv</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>θæˈmaub</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmɔr</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuz</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfuf</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒdɑɡ</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈboɣ</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æd</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes thoväv thämaub khes moräv suz sish fuf zhdag bóğ shkisauchädaf. [ˈxes ˈθɔvæv θæˈmaub ˈxes ˈmɔræv ˈsuz siʃ ˈfuf ˈʒdɑɡ ˈboɣ ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃædɑf] ˈxes the ˈθɔv woman -æv NOM θæˈmaub COMIT ˈxes the ˈmɔr knife -æv NOM ˈsuz catch siʃ PAST ˈfuf yon ˈʒdɑɡ three ˈboɣ blind ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -æd plur -ɑf ACC “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Beg consists of first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -äd /-æd/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -äv /-æv/ ‘NOM’, -af /-ɑf/ ‘ACC’, -äp /-æp/ ‘GEN’, -ah /-ɑh/ ‘DAT’, -u /-u/ ‘INS’, -ir /-ir/ ‘VOC’, -ikh /-ix/ ‘ALL’, -id /-id/ ‘LOC’, -äk /-æk/ ‘ABL’ and -ing /-iŋ/ ‘PART’.
The Adjective
The adjective in Beg stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Beg stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Beg stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Beg stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Beg always includes the personal pronouns, even if they are not stressed. This is similar to English, where the only way to distinguish "he loves her" from "he loves her" and "he loves her" is the stress. So the following corresponds exactly to English in this regard:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">θoˈm</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ɲæˈŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲæŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθom</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲæŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈɲæŋ ˈθom ˈɲæŋ</p> + <p>ñäng thóm ñäng</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈɲæŋ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθom</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲæŋ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ñäng thóm ñäng. [ˈɲæŋ ˈθom ˈɲæŋ] ˈɲæŋ 3.sing ˈθom love ˈɲæŋ 3.sing “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Bighof hates Gipaiz."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Bighof" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="b i ɣ o ˈ f">biɣoˈf</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʒ+b æ s ɑ ˈ m">ʒbæsɑˈm</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Gipaiz" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="ɡ i p ai ˈ z">ɡipaiˈz</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Bighof hates Gipaiz."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Bighof" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="b i ɣ o ˈ f">biɣoˈf</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʒ+b æ s ɑ ˈ m">ʒbæsɑˈm</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Gipaiz" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="ɡ i p ai ˈ z">ɡipaiˈz</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Bighof" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes">biɣoˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʒbæsɑˈm</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Gipaiz" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes">ɡipaiˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biˈɣof</span><br><span class="gls">Bighof</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒbæˈsɑm</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡiˈpaiz</span><br><span class="gls">Gipaiz</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes biˈɣofæv ʒbæˈsɑm ˈxes ɡiˈpaizɑf</p> + <p>khes Biğófäv zhbäsam khes Gipaizaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biˈɣof</o> + <g>Bighof</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒbæˈsɑm</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡiˈpaiz</o> + <g>Gipaiz</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes Biğófäv zhbäsam khes Gipaizaf. [ˈxes biˈɣofæv ʒbæˈsɑm ˈxes ɡiˈpaizɑf] ˈxes the biˈɣof Bighof -æv NOM ʒbæˈsɑm hate ˈxes the ɡiˈpaiz Gipaiz -ɑf ACC “Bighof hates Gipaiz.” | (3) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈniz</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒæˈɡeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈnizæp ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv</p> + <p>khes nizäp khes zhägeshäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈniz</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒæˈɡeʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
khes nizäp khes zhägeshäv [ˈxes ˈnizæp ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv] ˈxes the ˈniz boy -æp GEN ˈxes the ʒæˈɡeʃ apple -æv NOM “the boy’s apple” | (4) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲæŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒæˈɡeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈɲæŋ ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv</p> + <p>ñäng khes zhägeshäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈɲæŋ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒæˈɡeʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ñäng khes zhägeshäv [ˈɲæŋ ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv] ˈɲæŋ 3.sing ˈxes the ʒæˈɡeʃ apple -æv NOM “his (the boy’s) apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">xuˈx</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒæˈɡeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv</p> + <p>khukh khes zhägeshäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒæˈɡeʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
khukh khes zhägeshäv [ˈxux ˈxes ʒæˈɡeʃæv] ˈxux 1excl.sing ˈxes the ʒæˈɡeʃ apple -æv NOM “my apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="b u ˈ ʃ+t">buˈʃt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i m ɔi ˈ v">ʃimɔiˈv</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ ɑ ʒ au ˈ w">t͡ʃɑʒauˈw</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="t͡s ɛ ˈ ŋ">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="b u ˈ ʃ+t">buˈʃt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i m ɔi ˈ v">ʃimɔiˈv</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ ɑ ʒ au ˈ w">t͡ʃɑʒauˈw</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="t͡s ɛ ˈ ŋ">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">buˈʃt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ʃimɔiˈv</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">t͡ʃɑʒauˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiˈlɔx</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbuʃt</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiˈmɔiv</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃoʒ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃɑˈʒauw</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɛŋ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæp ˈxes ˈbuʃtæv ʃiˈmɔiv siʃ ˈt͡ʃoʒ ˈxes t͡ʃɑˈʒauwæp ˈxes ˈt͡sɛŋɑf</p> + <p>khes zhilokhäp khes bushtäv shimɔiv sish chózh khes chazhauwäp khes tzængaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒiˈlɔx</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbuʃt</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiˈmɔiv</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃoʒ</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃɑˈʒauw</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡sɛŋ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes zhilokhäp khes bushtäv shimɔiv sish chózh khes chazhauwäp khes tzængaf. [ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæp ˈxes ˈbuʃtæv ʃiˈmɔiv siʃ ˈt͡ʃoʒ ˈxes t͡ʃɑˈʒauwæp ˈxes ˈt͡sɛŋɑf] ˈxes the ʒiˈlɔx hunter -æp GEN ˈxes the ˈbuʃt daughter -æv NOM ʃiˈmɔiv kiss siʃ PAST ˈt͡ʃoʒ 2.sing ˈxes the t͡ʃɑˈʒauw neighbour -æp GEN ˈxes the ˈt͡sɛŋ son -ɑf ACC “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (7) |
Derivation
Beg has no derivational processes.
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+p i v o ˈ s">ʃpivoˈs</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+p i v o ˈ s">ʃpivoˈs</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">ʃpivoˈs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɛʒ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃpiˈvos</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhɛʒ ʃpiˈvosæv</p> + <p>hæzh shpivósäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhɛʒ</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃpiˈvos</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
hæzh shpivósäv [ˈhɛʒ ʃpiˈvosæv] ˈhɛʒ a ʃpiˈvos lamb -æv NOM “a lamb” | (8) |
Note how none show up here:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z o ˈ b">zoˈb</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i ˈ ʃ">ʃiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ p">hɛˈp</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+p i v o ˈ s">ʃpivoˈs</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɲ æ ˈ ŋ">ɲæˈŋ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="z o ˈ b">zoˈb</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i ˈ ʃ">ʃiˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ p">hɛˈp</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+p i v o ˈ s">ʃpivoˈs</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ɲæˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">zoˈb</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">ʃiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">hɛˈp</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʃpivoˈs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">xæmæˈf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲæŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzob</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɛʒ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɛp</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃpiˈvos</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xæˈmæf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈɲæŋ ˈzob siʃ ˈʃiʃ siʃ ˈhɛʒ ˈhɛp ʃpiˈvosɑf xæˈmæf</p> + <p>ñäng zób sish shish sish hæzh hæp shpivósaf khämäf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈɲæŋ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzob</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃiʃ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhɛʒ</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhɛp</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃpiˈvos</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xæˈmæf</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ñäng zób sish shish sish hæzh hæp shpivósaf khämäf. [ˈɲæŋ ˈzob siʃ ˈʃiʃ siʃ ˈhɛʒ ˈhɛp ʃpiˈvosɑf xæˈmæf] ˈɲæŋ 3.sing ˈzob want siʃ PAST ˈʃiʃ have siʃ PAST ˈhɛʒ a ˈhɛp little ʃpiˈvos lamb -ɑf ACC xæˈmæf COMP “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (9) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
All verbal phrase clitics in Beg are enclitics (placed finally), and there are five types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising sish /siʃ/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising huñ /huɲ/ ‘imperative’, spiğ /spiɣ/ ‘conditional’ and sus /sus/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising nig /niɡ/ ‘passive’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising zdum /zdum/ ‘NEG’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing question, comprising di /di/ ‘Q’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">θoˈm</word> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθom</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃoʒ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux ˈθom ˈt͡ʃoʒ</p> + <p>khukh thóm chózh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθom</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃoʒ</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khukh thóm chózh. [ˈxux ˈθom ˈt͡ʃoʒ] ˈxux 1excl.sing ˈθom love ˈt͡ʃoʒ 2.sing “I love you.” | (10) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ð ɔ ˈ n">ðɔˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡s ɑ ˈ d͡ʒ">t͡sɑˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="ð ɔ ˈ n">ðɔˈn</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡s ɑ ˈ d͡ʒ">t͡sɑˈd͡ʒ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ðɔˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">t͡sɑˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðɔn</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɑd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈðɔn ˈxes ˈt͡sɑd͡ʒæv</p> + <p>ðon khes tzajäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈðɔn</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡sɑd͡ʒ</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ðon khes tzajäv [ˈðɔn ˈxes ˈt͡sɑd͡ʒæv] ˈðɔn in_surface ˈxes the ˈt͡sɑd͡ʒ table -æv NOM “on the table” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h u ˈ ɡ">huˈɡ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ i d͡ʒ au ˈ w">ʒid͡ʒauˈw</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="h u ˈ ɡ">huˈɡ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ i d͡ʒ au ˈ w">ʒid͡ʒauˈw</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">huˈɡ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">ʒid͡ʒauˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhuɡ</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiˈd͡ʒauw</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhuɡ ˈxes ʒiˈd͡ʒauwæv</p> + <p>hug khes zhijauwäv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhuɡ</o> + <g>to_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒiˈd͡ʒauw</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
hug khes zhijauwäv [ˈhuɡ ˈxes ʒiˈd͡ʒauwæv] ˈhuɡ to_inside ˈxes the ʒiˈd͡ʒauw box -æv NOM “into the box” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="θ æ m au ˈ b">θæmauˈb</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="θ æ m au ˈ b">θæmauˈb</word> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">θæmauˈb</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number">xuˈx</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θæˈmaub</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p> + <p>θæˈmaub ˈxux</p> + <p>thämaub khukh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>θæˈmaub</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
thämaub khukh [θæˈmaub ˈxux] θæˈmaub COMIT ˈxux 1excl.sing “with me” | (13) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Beg employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Beg.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d i ɣ e ˈ ʃ">diɣeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɣ ai ˈ ʃ">ɣaiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d i ɣ e ˈ ʃ">diɣeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="ɣ ai ˈ ʃ">ɣaiˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">diɣeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">ɣaiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diˈɣeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɣaiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiˈlɔx</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes diˈɣeʃæv ˈɣaiʃ siʃ ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxɑf</p> + <p>khes diğeshäv ğaish sish khes zhilokhaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diˈɣeʃ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɣaiʃ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒiˈlɔx</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes diğeshäv ğaish sish khes zhilokhaf. [ˈxes diˈɣeʃæv ˈɣaiʃ siʃ ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxɑf] ˈxes the diˈɣeʃ jaguar -æv NOM ˈɣaiʃ kill siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʒiˈlɔx hunter -ɑf ACC “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f æ x u ˈ t͡ʃ">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="b u ˈ ʃ+t">buˈʃt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="l ɔi ˈ ʒ+b">lɔiˈʒb</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f æ x u ˈ t͡ʃ">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="b u ˈ ʃ+t">buˈʃt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC" ph="l ɔi ˈ ʒ+b">lɔiˈʒb</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">buˈʃt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ACC">lɔiˈʒb</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fæˈxut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsauð</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiˈlɔx</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbuʃt</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlɔiʒb</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes fæˈxut͡ʃæv ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæp ˈxes ˈbuʃtæp ˈxes ˈlɔiʒbɑf</p> + <p>khes fäkhuchäv sauð sish khes zhilokhäp khes bushtäp khes lɔizhbaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fæˈxut͡ʃ</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsauð</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒiˈlɔx</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbuʃt</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlɔiʒb</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes fäkhuchäv sauð sish khes zhilokhäp khes bushtäp khes lɔizhbaf. [ˈxes fæˈxut͡ʃæv ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæp ˈxes ˈbuʃtæp ˈxes ˈlɔiʒbɑf] ˈxes the fæˈxut͡ʃ lion -æv NOM ˈsauð eat siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʒiˈlɔx hunter -æp GEN ˈxes the ˈbuʃt daughter -æp GEN ˈxes the ˈlɔiʒb dog -ɑf ACC “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (15) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Beg reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Beg expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="t͡s ɛ ˈ ŋ">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="n i ˈ n">niˈn</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="l i b ɛ r">libɛr</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="t͡s ɛ ˈ ŋ">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" ph="n i ˈ n">niˈn</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="æ p">æp</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="l i b ɛ r">libɛr</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">t͡sɛˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">niˈn</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">æp</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">libɛr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃoʒ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡sɛŋ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnin</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">libɛr</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈt͡ʃoʒ ˈxes ˈt͡sɛŋæp ˈxes ˈninæp ˈxes libɛræv</p> + <p>chózh khes tzængäp khes ninäp khes libæräv</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃoʒ</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡sɛŋ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnin</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æp</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>libɛr</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
chózh khes tzængäp khes ninäp khes libæräv [ˈt͡ʃoʒ ˈxes ˈt͡sɛŋæp ˈxes ˈninæp ˈxes libɛræv] ˈt͡ʃoʒ 2.sing ˈxes the ˈt͡sɛŋ son -æp GEN ˈxes the ˈnin friend -æp GEN ˈxes the libɛr book -æv NOM “your son’s friend’s book” | (16) |
Case Marking
Beg uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʒ+ɡ ɔ ˈ θ">ʒɡɔˈθ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʒ+ɡ ɔ ˈ θ">ʒɡɔˈθ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">ʒɡɔˈθ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒɡɔθ</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈʒɡɔθ</p> + <p>khes tachäv zhgoth</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒɡɔθ</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes tachäv zhgoth. [ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈʒɡɔθ] ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈʒɡɔθ sleep “The cat is sleeping.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="v ai ˈ ŋ">vaiˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="v ai ˈ ŋ">vaiˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">vaiˈŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈvaiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈvaiŋ</p> + <p>khes tachäv vaing</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈvaiŋ</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes tachäv vaing. [ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈvaiŋ] ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈvaiŋ run “The cat is running.” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h i ɲ o ˈ l">hiɲoˈl</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="h i ɲ o ˈ l">hiɲoˈl</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">hiɲoˈl</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiˈɲol</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv hiˈɲol ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf</p> + <p>khes tachäv hiñól khes shkisauchaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hiˈɲol</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes tachäv hiñól khes shkisauchaf. [ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv hiˈɲol ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf] ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM hiˈɲol chase ˈxes the ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -ɑf ACC “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuz</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf</p> + <p>khes tachäv suz sish khes shkisauchaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuz</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes tachäv suz sish khes shkisauchaf. [ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf] ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈsuz catch siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -ɑf ACC “The cat caught the mouse.” | (20) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ɣ ai ˈ ʃ">ɣaiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d i ɣ e ˈ ʃ">diɣeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="j æ ˈ h">jæˈh</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k æ z ɑ ˈ t">kæzɑˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="j æ ˈ h">jæˈh</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f æ x u ˈ t͡ʃ">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ʒ i l ɔ ˈ x">ʒilɔˈx</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ɣ ai ˈ ʃ">ɣaiˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d i ɣ e ˈ ʃ">diɣeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="j æ ˈ h">jæˈh</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k æ z ɑ ˈ t">kæzɑˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="j æ ˈ h">jæˈh</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="f æ x u ˈ t͡ʃ">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="æ d">æd</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ʒilɔˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ɣaiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">diɣeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">jæˈh</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">kæzɑˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">jæˈh</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">fæxuˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">æd</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiˈlɔx</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɣaiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diˈɣeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æd</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjæh</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kæˈzɑt</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æd</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjæh</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fæˈxut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æd</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæv ˈɣaiʃ siʃ ˈxes diˈɣeʃædɑf ˈjæh ˈxes kæˈzɑtædɑf ˈjæh ˈxes fæˈxut͡ʃædɑf</p> + <p>khes zhilokhäv ğaish sish khes diğeshädaf yäh khes käzatädaf yäh khes fäkhuchädaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒiˈlɔx</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɣaiʃ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diˈɣeʃ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æd</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjæh</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kæˈzɑt</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æd</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjæh</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fæˈxut͡ʃ</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æd</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes zhilokhäv ğaish sish khes diğeshädaf yäh khes käzatädaf yäh khes fäkhuchädaf. [ˈxes ʒiˈlɔxæv ˈɣaiʃ siʃ ˈxes diˈɣeʃædɑf ˈjæh ˈxes kæˈzɑtædɑf ˈjæh ˈxes fæˈxut͡ʃædɑf] ˈxes the ʒiˈlɔx hunter -æv NOM ˈɣaiʃ kill siʃ PAST ˈxes the diˈɣeʃ jaguar -æd plur -ɑf ACC ˈjæh and ˈxes the kæˈzɑt tiger -æd plur -ɑf ACC ˈjæh and ˈxes the fæˈxut͡ʃ lion -æd plur -ɑf ACC “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (21) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Beg provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Beg forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">væˈθaut</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃɑf</p> + <p>khukh väthaut sish khes tachaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>væˈθaut</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khukh väthaut sish khes tachaf. [ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃɑf] ˈxux 1excl.sing væˈθaut pat siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -ɑf ACC “I patted the cat.” | (22) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">væˈθaut</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuz</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf</p> + <p>khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>væˈθaut</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuz</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchaf. [ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃɑf] ˈxux 1excl.sing væˈθaut pat siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈsuz catch siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -ɑf ACC “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (23) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after" ph="n i ŋ au ˈ f">niŋauˈf</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after" ph="n i ŋ au ˈ f">niŋauˈf</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" comma="after">niŋauˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">væˈθaut</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuz</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsauð</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niˈŋauf</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes niˈŋaufɑf</p> + <p>khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchäv, ðäl sauð sish khes ningaufaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>væˈθaut</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuz</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsauð</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niˈŋauf</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchäv, ðäl sauð sish khes ningaufaf. [ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes niˈŋaufɑf] ˈxux 1excl.sing væˈθaut pat siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈsuz catch siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈsauð eat siʃ PAST ˈxes the niˈŋauf cheese -ɑf ACC “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (24) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr=""> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="n i ŋ au ˈ f">niŋauˈf</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="h o ˈ d͡ʒ">hoˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="v æ θ au ˈ t">væθauˈt</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="t ɑ ˈ t͡ʃ">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s u ˈ z">suˈz</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="ʃ+k i s au ˈ t͡ʃ">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" ph="s au ˈ ð">sauˈð</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="n i ŋ au ˈ f">niŋauˈf</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" ph="ð æ ˈ l">ðæˈl</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="h o ˈ d͡ʒ">hoˈd͡ʒ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">væθauˈt</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">tɑˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">suˈz</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">ʃkisauˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing">sauˈð</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">niŋauˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">ðæˈl</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing" subj="1excl.sing">hoˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">xuˈx</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">væˈθaut</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɑt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuz</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsauð</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niˈŋauf</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðæl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhod͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes niˈŋaufæv, ˈðæl ˈhod͡ʒ siʃ ˈxux</p> + <p>khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchäv, ðäl sauð sish khes ningaufäv, ðäl hój sish khukh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>væˈθaut</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɑt͡ʃ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuz</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsauð</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niˈŋauf</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðæl</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhod͡ʒ</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khukh väthaut sish khes tachäv, ðäl suz sish khes shkisauchäv, ðäl sauð sish khes ningaufäv, ðäl hój sish khukh. [ˈxux væˈθaut siʃ ˈxes ˈtɑt͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsuz siʃ ˈxes ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃæv, ˈðæl ˈsauð siʃ ˈxes niˈŋaufæv, ˈðæl ˈhod͡ʒ siʃ ˈxux] ˈxux 1excl.sing væˈθaut pat siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈtɑt͡ʃ cat -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈsuz catch siʃ PAST ˈxes the ʃkiˈsaut͡ʃ mouse -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈsauð eat siʃ PAST ˈxes the niˈŋauf cheese -æv NOM ˈðæl RELPRON ˈhod͡ʒ buy siʃ PAST ˈxux 1excl.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (25) |
Complementation Strategies
Beg introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="m u ˈ j">muˈj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t͡ʃ">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="v æ ð o ˈ θ">væðoˈθ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="ɡ i t ɛ r">ɡitɛr</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" ph="m u ˈ j">muˈj</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t͡ʃ">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h ɛ ˈ ʒ">hɛˈʒ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ʒ æ ɡ e ˈ ʃ">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ f">ɑf</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" ph="v æ ð o ˈ θ">væðoˈθ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="ɡ i t ɛ r">ɡitɛr</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">muˈj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">ɑh</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">hɛˈʒ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʒæɡeˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ɑf</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">xæmæˈf</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">væðoˈθ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">ɡitɛr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">ɑh</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈniz</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmuj</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑh</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɛʒ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒæˈɡeʃ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xæˈmæf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">væˈðoθ</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡitɛr</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑh</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈnizæv ˈmuj siʃ ˈxes ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃɑh ˈhɛʒ ʒæˈɡeʃɑf xæˈmæf væˈðoθ siʃ ˈxes ɡitɛrɑh</p> + <p>khes nizäv muy sish khes chichah hæzh zhägeshaf khämäf väðóth sish khes gitærah</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈniz</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmuj</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑh</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhɛʒ</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒæˈɡeʃ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑf</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xæˈmæf</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>væˈðoθ</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡitɛr</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑh</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes nizäv muy sish khes chichah hæzh zhägeshaf khämäf väðóth sish khes gitærah. [ˈxes ˈnizæv ˈmuj siʃ ˈxes ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃɑh ˈhɛʒ ʒæˈɡeʃɑf xæˈmæf væˈðoθ siʃ ˈxes ɡitɛrɑh] ˈxes the ˈniz boy -æv NOM ˈmuj give siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ girl -ɑh DAT ˈhɛʒ a ʒæˈɡeʃ apple -ɑf ACC xæˈmæf COMP væˈðoθ surprise siʃ PAST ˈxes the ɡitɛr teacher -ɑh DAT “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (26) |
Quotes
Beg expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optionalGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="z+d i ˈ r">zdiˈr</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t͡ʃ">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n i ˈ z">niˈz</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="æ v">æv</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" ph="z+d i ˈ r">zdiˈr</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x e ˈ s">xeˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t͡ʃ">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ h">ɑh</thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x u ˈ x">xuˈx</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="θ o ˈ m">θoˈm</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t͡ʃ o ˈ ʒ">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="x æ m æ ˈ f">xæmæˈf</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">niˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">æv</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">zdiˈr</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">siʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">xeˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">ɑh</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xuˈx</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">θoˈm</word> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">t͡ʃoˈʒ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" person="1excl">xæmæˈf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈniz</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-æv</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzdir</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxes</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑh</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxux</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈθom</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃoʒ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xæˈmæf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxes ˈnizæv ˈzdir siʃ ˈxes ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃɑh ˈxux ˈθom ˈt͡ʃoʒ xæˈmæf</p> + <p>khes nizäv zdir sish khes chichah khukh thóm chózh khämäf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈniz</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-æv</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzdir</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxes</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑh</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxux</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈθom</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃoʒ</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xæˈmæf</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Khes nizäv zdir sish khes chichah khukh thóm chózh khämäf. [ˈxes ˈnizæv ˈzdir siʃ ˈxes ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃɑh ˈxux ˈθom ˈt͡ʃoʒ xæˈmæf] ˈxes the ˈniz boy -æv NOM ˈzdir tell siʃ PAST ˈxes the ˈt͡ʃit͡ʃ girl -ɑh DAT ˈxux 1excl.sing ˈθom love ˈt͡ʃoʒ 2.sing xæˈmæf COMP “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (27) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Beg. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 13 July 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/798Q9
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-798Q9,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Beg}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/798Q9}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 13 July 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Beg / Beg–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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