A Collection of Texts in Klag

What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.

The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

ɕä’swtw swṭæɕrt rshṭæn#ːdḍ thwóóg shhʈiqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ shhkin#swgk rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǃʼwexx rshṭæn#ːdḍ xxin#ɕk qḥent ṣthwän#ṛ́ ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ qḥent chweeṣʈʼ swhpä’ʑbp ɕṭooṇ chweeṣʈʼ r̥̣aneengw.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɛɕʈ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈtʰʷoːɡ ʃhʈiqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈʃhkĩ̃sʷkʼ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǃʼʷex ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈxĩ̃ɕk ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃̃rˤ ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈᵏǀʰʷeːsˤʈʼ ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈᵏǀʰʷeːsˤʈʼ r̥ˤɑˈneːŋʷ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɛɕʈ
have
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈtʰʷoːɡ
all
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈʃhkĩsʷkʼ
human being
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈᵏǃʼʷex
whole
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈxĩɕk
earth
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈsˤtʰʷæ̃rˤ
surface
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
ˈɬæɾˤ
in
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈᵏǀʰʷeːsˤʈʼ
one
ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ
language
ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ˈᵏǀʰʷeːsˤʈʼ
one
r̥ˤɑˈneːŋʷ
dialect

“All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.”

(1)

And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.

ɕä’swtw swṭæn#ːshhṭin#ːshʈʼ qon#ṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɕdṭääk htwi nq̣äggw swgkän#ːf.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɛ̃̃ːʃhtˤĩ̃ːʃʈʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɕtʼˤæːk ˈhtʷi ᵑǃˤæɠʷ ˈsʷkʼæ̃̃ːf]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɛ̃ːʃhtˤĩːʃʈʼ
journey
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈɕtʼˤæːk
east
ˈhtʷi
inside
ᵑǃˤæɠʷ
ABL
ˈsʷkʼæ̃ːf
from

“They journeyed from the east.”

(2)
ɕṭooṇ ɕä’swtw swṭósdtw qon#ṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ hugq shhʈiqw rshkwan#ːn ggiinḥeshp rshkwan#ːn ᵏǀʼ̣äqw htwi ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ qḥent.

[ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤostʼʷ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈhuqʼ ʃhʈiqʷ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ɠiːˈn̥ˤeʃp ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ˈᵏǀʼˤæqʷ ˈhtʷi ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt]

ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈostʼʷ
find
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈhuqʼ
wide
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn
a
ɠiːˈn̥ˤeʃp
plain
ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn
a
ˈᵏǀʼˤæqʷ
land
ˈhtʷi
inside
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
ˈɬæɾˤ
in
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS

“And they found a wide plain in the a land.”

(3)
Nci’ɳ̥udtw ɕä’swtw swṭiiṣdtwó’rw qon#ṛ́ hme’shdt.

[ᵑǀḭˈɳ̥utʼʷ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤiːsˤtʼʷo̰ɾʷ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈm̥ḛʃtʼ]

ᵑǀḭˈɳ̥utʼʷ
thus
ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈiːsˤtʼʷo̰ɾʷ
dwell
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ˈm̥ḛʃtʼ
there

“Thus they dwelled there.”

(4)

And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.

ɕä’swtw swṭen#ːṣk qon#ṛ́ ɕquhóóswk swṭiisw shthuur̥ ŋ̥æn#ːng sdtweʈʼ ṣdtón#ːṣtḥen’g ɕṭooṇ ɕquhóóswk swṭóɕqu shthuur̥ ŋ̥æn#ːng sdtweʈʼ ṣdtón#ːṣtḥen’g zwitxiddw.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤẽ̃ːsˤk ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤiːsʷ ʃtʰuːr̥ ˈŋ̥ɛ̃̃ːŋ stʼʷeʈʼ sˤtʼõ̃ːˈsˤtʰˤḛ̃ɡ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤoɕkʷ ʃtʰuːr̥ ˈŋ̥ɛ̃̃ːŋ stʼʷeʈʼ sˤtʼõ̃ːˈsˤtʰˤḛ̃ɡ θʷiˈt͡ʃiɗʷ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈẽːsˤk
say
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ɕkʰʷoːsʷk
COMP
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈiːsʷ
make
ʃtʰuːr̥
imperative
ˈŋ̥ɛ̃ːŋ
1incl
stʼʷeʈʼ
ACT
sˤtʼõːˈsˤtʰˤḛɡ
brick
ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ɕkʰʷoːsʷk
COMP
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈoɕkʷ
burn
ʃtʰuːr̥
imperative
ˈŋ̥ɛ̃ːŋ
1incl
stʼʷeʈʼ
ACT
sˤtʼõːˈsˤtʰˤḛɡ
brick
θʷiˈt͡ʃiɗʷ
thoroughly

“They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.”

(5)

And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.

ɕä’swtw swṭæɕrt qon#ṛ́ ṣdtón#ːṣtḥen’g ṣphärs ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw män#ːswdtwæn#rn.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɛɕʈ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ sˤtʼõ̃ːˈsˤtʰˤḛ̃ɡ ˈsˤpʰæʂ ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ mæ̃̃ːˈsʷtʼʷɛ̃̃ɳ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɛɕʈ
have
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
sˤtʼõːˈsˤtʰˤḛɡ
brick
ˈsˤpʰæʂ
stone
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
mæ̃ːˈsʷtʼʷɛ̃ɳ
PURP

“They had bricks for stone.”

(6)
ɕṭooṇ ɕä’swtw swṭæɕrt qon#ṛ́ ᵏǀʼanggan#ːṛ́ shä’swgqaxx ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw män#ːswdtwæn#rn.

[ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɛɕʈ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ᵏǀʼɑ̃ˈɠɑ̃̃ːrˤ ʃæ̰ˈsʷqʼɑx ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ mæ̃̃ːˈsʷtʼʷɛ̃̃ɳ]

ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɛɕʈ
have
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ᵏǀʼɑˈɠɑ̃ːrˤ
slime
ʃæ̰ˈsʷqʼɑx
mortar
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
mæ̃ːˈsʷtʼʷɛ̃ɳ
PURP

“And they had slime for mortar.”

(7)

A Creation Myth

We are not like other people.

Dṭuh swṭun#ːhkwinjj ŋ̥æn#ːng rshṭæn#ːdḍ ɸut shhʈiqw shhkin#swgk qḥent.

[tʼˤuh ˈsʷtˤũ̃ːhkʷĩʄ ˈŋ̥ɛ̃̃ːŋ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈɸut ʃhʈiqʷ ˈʃhkĩ̃sʷkʼ ᵏǃʰˤẽt]

tʼˤuh
NEG
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈũːhkʷiʄ
resemble
ˈŋ̥ɛ̃ːŋ
1incl
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈɸut
other
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ˈʃhkĩsʷkʼ
human being
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS

“We do not resemble other humans.”

(8)

Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.

ɕä’swtw swṭotzugqw tzeez ɕṭooṇ ɳ̥iggw qon#ṛ́ shhʈiqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ swhpä’ʑbp qḥent.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɔt͡suqʼʷ ˈt͡seːθ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈɳ̥iɠʷ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ʃhʈiqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ ᵏǃʰˤẽt]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɔt͡suqʼʷ
shape
ˈt͡seːθ
fight
ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ˈɳ̥iɠʷ
time
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ
language
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS

“Their languages were shaped by fight and time.”

(9)

They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.

ɕä’swtw swṭæshthwä’ṭ qon#ṛ́ beequhójj ɕṭooṇ nhäärn shhʈiqw rshṭæn#ːdḍ khaaxx qḥent.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤɛʃtʰʷæ̰tˤ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ beːˈkʰʷoʄ ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈn̥æːɳ ʃhʈiqʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈkʰɑːx ᵏǃʰˤẽt]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɛʃtʰʷæ̰tˤ
copy
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
beːˈkʰʷoʄ
mammal
ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ˈn̥æːɳ
bird
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈkʰɑːx
sound
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS

“They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.”

(10)

But our language arose in a different way.

Swrtisw ɕä’swtw swṭin#ʑrthanangg ɕquhóóswk swṭun#ːt rshṭæn#ːdḍ swhpä’ʑbp r̥tẓ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵑǁʼäggw rshṭæn#ːdḍ tzursgk rshkwan#ːn nqä’tx qḥent htwi ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ.

[ˈsʷʈisʷ ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤĩ̃ʑʈʰɑ̃ːɠ ɕkʰʷoːsʷk ˈsʷtˤũ̃ːt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ r̥ᵊt͡sˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵑǁʼæɠʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈt͡suʂkʼ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn ˈᵑǃæ̰t͡ʃ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈhtʷi ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ]

ˈsʷʈisʷ
but
ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈĩʑʈʰɑːɠ
arise
ɕkʰʷoːsʷk
COMP
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈũːt
be
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ
language
r̥ᵊt͡sˤ
1incl.POSS
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈᵑǁʼæɠʷ
langname
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈt͡suʂkʼ
different
ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn
a
ˈᵑǃæ̰t͡ʃ
manner
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈhtʷi
inside
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
ˈɬæɾˤ
in

“But Klag, which is our language, arose in a different way.”

(11)

It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.

ɕä’swtw swṭushʈóʑ qon#ṛ́ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ᵏǃʼwexx shhʈiqw qḥent ɕṭooṇ rshṭæn#ːdḍ ṣthwan#ːrskhinṇ shhʈiqw qḥent rshṭæn#ːdḍ nguɸ rshkwan#ːn hkwiisdtwæṇ qḥent htwi ᵑǀʼ̣ä’ŕw hläṛ

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤushʈoʑ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈᵏǃʼʷex ʃhʈiqʷ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ sˤtʰʷɑ̃̃ːˈʂkʰĩnˤ ʃhʈiqʷ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈŋuɸ ˈʂhkʷɑ̃̃ːn hkʷiːˈstʼʷɛnˤ ᵏǃʰˤẽt ˈhtʷi ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ ˈɬæɾˤ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈushʈoʑ
appear
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈᵏǃʼʷex
whole
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈɕtˤɔːnˤ
and
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
sˤtʰʷɑ̃ːˈʂkʰinˤ
perfect
ʃhʈiqʷ
GEN
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈŋuɸ
single
ˈʂhkʷɑ̃ːn
a
hkʷiːˈstʼʷɛnˤ
breath
ᵏǃʰˤẽt
3.POSS
ˈhtʷi
inside
ᵑǀʼˤæ̰rʷ
LOC
ˈɬæɾˤ
in

“It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath”

(12)

Our language did not evolve; it was created.

ɕä’swtw dṭuh swṭañäqu rshṭæn#ːdḍ swhpä’ʑbp r̥tẓ.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ tʼˤuh ˈsʷtˤɑɲækʷ ˈʂhtˤɛ̃̃ːɗˤ ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ r̥ᵊt͡sˤ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
tʼˤuh
NEG
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈɑɲækʷ
evolve
ˈʂhtˤɛ̃ːɗˤ
the
ˈsʷhpæ̰ʑpʼ
language
r̥ᵊt͡sˤ
1incl.POSS

“Our language did not evolve.”

(13)
ɕä’swtw swṭän#ːṣsdt qon#ṛ́.

[ɕæ̰sʷtʷ ˈsʷtˤæ̃̃ːsˤᵊstʼ ˈqɔ̃̃rˤ]

ɕæ̰sʷtʷ
PAST
sʷtˤ-
not.Q
ˈæ̃ːsˤᵊstʼ
create
ˈqɔ̃rˤ
3

“It was created.”

(14)

Language creation took 0.04 seconds; writing the texts 0.06 seconds.

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