A Collection of Texts in Eshas
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.5">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="cl.5">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.5"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.5"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.5"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="p a k">pak</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="iː ɲ">iːɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5" ph="i p">ip</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ɡ i b">ɡib</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="oː t͡ʃ">oːt͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="f u f">fuf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="y n">yn</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="f u f">fuf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="a ɲ i ʔ a s">aɲiʔas</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="p a k">pak</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="iː ɲ">iːɲ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5" ph="i p">ip</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ɡ i b">ɡib</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="oː t͡ʃ">oːt͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="f u f">fuf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="y n">yn</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="f u f">fuf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" ph="a ɲ i ʔ a s">aɲiʔas</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">f</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">pak</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">iːɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.5">ip</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6">b</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ɡib</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.6">oːt͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɲaf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">fuf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">yn</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kød</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">fuf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj">aɲiʔas</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uːma</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pak</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ip</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-b</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡib</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oːt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaf</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuf</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">yn</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuf</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aɲiʔas</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>kuːmaf miŋ hafip pak miːɲ mip habip ɡib moːt͡ʃ ɲaf fuf myn kød fuf maɲiʔas</p> + <p>kuumaf ming hafip pak miiñ mip habip gib mooch ñaf fuf myn kød fuf mañiqas</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uːma</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pak</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iːɲ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ip</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-b</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡib</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>oːt͡ʃ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaf</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuf</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>yn</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuf</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aɲiʔas</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kuumaf ming hafip pak miiñ mip habip gib mooch ñaf fuf myn kød fuf mañiqas. [kuːmaf miŋ hafip pak miːɲ mip habip ɡib moːt͡ʃ ɲaf fuf myn kød fuf maɲiʔas] k- POS uːma have -f indicative miŋ PAST ha the -f cl.2 -ip NOM pak all m- NOM iːɲ human being m- NOM ip surface ha the -b cl.6 -ip NOM ɡib whole m- NOM oːt͡ʃ earth ɲaf in fuf one m- NOM yn language kød and fuf one m- NOM aɲiʔas dialect “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> </np> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y m u f u">ymufu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="u d">ud</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʔ eː d">ʔeːd</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y m u f u">ymufu</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y m y f y" underlying="y m u f u">ymyfy</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="h a">ha</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
<thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="u d">ud</word>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʔ eː d">ʔeːd</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y m y f y" underlying="y m u f u">ymyfy</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="u d">ud</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʔ eː d">ʔeːd</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="y m u f u">ymyfy</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2">iː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">d</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ud</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ʔeːd</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ymufu</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ud</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔeːd</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>kymyfyf miŋ kiɡ miː hadip mud ʔeːd</p> + <p>kymyfyf ming kig mii hadip mud qeed</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ymufu</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ud</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔeːd</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kymyfyf ming kig mii hadip mud qeed. [kymyfyf miŋ kiɡ miː hadip mud ʔeːd] k- POS ymufu journey -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 m- NOM iː inside ha the -d cl.4 -ip NOM m- NOM ud east ʔeːd from “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.6"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for wide/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.6"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y p u">ypu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ʃ ø s">ʃøs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="i p i t͡ʃ u ʔ">ipit͡ʃuʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ə#ː d">ə#ːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y p u">ypu</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y p y" underlying="y p u">ypy</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ʃ ø s">ʃøs</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="i p i t͡ʃ u ʔ">ipit͡ʃuʔ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ə#ː d">ə#ːd</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="y p y" underlying="y p u">ypy</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ʃ ø s">ʃøs</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="i p i t͡ʃ u ʔ">ipit͡ʃuʔ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="ə#ː d">ə#ːd</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="y p u">ypy</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiɡ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ʃøs</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ipit͡ʃuʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2">iː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ə#ːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">ɲaf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ypu</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃøs</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ipit͡ʃuʔ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ə̃ːd</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaf</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>kød kypyf miŋ kiɡ ʃøs mipit͡ʃuʔ miː mə̃ːd ɲaf</p> + <p>kød kypyf ming kig shøs mipichuq mii mẽẽd ñaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ypu</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃøs</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ipit͡ʃuʔ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ə̃ːd</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaf</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kød kypyf ming kig shøs mipichuq mii mẽẽd ñaf. [kød kypyf miŋ kiɡ ʃøs mipit͡ʃuʔ miː mə̃ːd ɲaf] kød and k- POS ypu find -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 ʃøs wide m- NOM ipit͡ʃuʔ plain m- NOM iː inside m- NOM ə̃ːd land ɲaf in “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/optional
Got active
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ʔ i t͡ʃ oː f">ʔit͡ʃoːf</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="øː f a t͡ʃ a">øːfat͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b a t͡ʃ">bat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ʔ i t͡ʃ oː f">ʔit͡ʃoːf</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="øː f a t͡ʃ a">øːfat͡ʃa</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b a t͡ʃ">bat͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ʔit͡ʃoːf</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">øːfat͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">kiɡ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">bat͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔit͡ʃoːf</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">øːfat͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ʔit͡ʃoːf køːfat͡ʃaf miŋ kiɡ bat͡ʃ</p> + <p>qichoof køøfachaf ming kig bach</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʔit͡ʃoːf</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>øːfat͡ʃa</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bat͡ʃ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Qichoof køøfachaf ming kig bach. [ʔit͡ʃoːf køːfat͡ʃaf miŋ kiɡ bat͡ʃ] ʔit͡ʃoːf thus k- POS øːfat͡ʃa dwell -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 bat͡ʃ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.3">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/mode/obligatory
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/mode/obligatory
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="o m a">oma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8" ph="ø ɲ a">øɲa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="k u t͡ʃ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="s a b">sab</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n">n</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8" ph="iː ɡ a">iːɡa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="k u t͡ʃ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="s a b">sab</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n">n</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="b a ɡ ø ɲ">baɡøɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="o m a">oma</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8" ph="ø ɲ a">øɲa</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="k u t͡ʃ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="s a b">sab</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n">n</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8" ph="iː ɡ a">iːɡa</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="k u t͡ʃ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="s a b">sab</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n">n</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl" ph="b a ɡ ø ɲ">baɡøɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">oma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">øɲa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">p</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">sab</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">n</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">ɲimə#k</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.cl.8">iːɡa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">p</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ">kut͡ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">sab</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">n</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.8">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">ɲimə#k</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="cl.3" person="1incl">baɡøɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oma</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">øɲa</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sab</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲimə̃k</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iːɡa</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sab</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲimə̃k</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baɡøɲ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>komaf miŋ kiɡ køɲap kut͡ʃ sab nit͡ʃafit͡ʃ ɲimə̃k kød kiːɡap kut͡ʃ sab nit͡ʃafit͡ʃ ɲimə̃k baɡøɲ</p> + <p>komaf ming kig køñap kuch sab nichafich ñimẽk kød kiigap kuch sab nichafich ñimẽk bagøñ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>oma</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>øɲa</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kut͡ʃ</o> + <g>1incl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sab</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲimə̃k</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iːɡa</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kut͡ʃ</o> + <g>1incl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sab</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲimə̃k</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baɡøɲ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Komaf ming kig køñap kuch sab nichafich ñimẽk kød kiigap kuch sab nichafich ñimẽk bagøñ. [komaf miŋ kiɡ køɲap kut͡ʃ sab nit͡ʃafit͡ʃ ɲimə̃k kød kiːɡap kut͡ʃ sab nit͡ʃafit͡ʃ ɲimə̃k baɡøɲ] k- POS oma say -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 k- POS øɲa make -p imperative kut͡ʃ 1incl.SUBJ sab 1incl n- ACC it͡ʃafit͡ʃ brick ɲimə̃k COMP kød and k- POS iːɡa burn -p imperative kut͡ʃ 1incl.SUBJ sab 1incl n- ACC it͡ʃafit͡ʃ brick ɲimə̃k COMP baɡøɲ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.7">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.7"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.7"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.7"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7" ph="oː ʔ">oːʔ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="k i ʃ a ʃ">kiʃaʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="i t͡ʃ a f i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7" ph="oː ʔ">oːʔ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="k i ʃ a ʃ">kiʃaʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="cl.7">oːʔ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">kiʃaʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uːma</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">oːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiʃaʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>kuːmaf miŋ kiɡ mit͡ʃafit͡ʃ moːʔ kiʃaʃ</p> + <p>kuumaf ming kig michafich mooq kishash</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uːma</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>it͡ʃafit͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>oːʔ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiʃaʃ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kuumaf ming kig michafich mooq kishash. [kuːmaf miŋ kiɡ mit͡ʃafit͡ʃ moːʔ kiʃaʃ] k- POS uːma have -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 m- NOM it͡ʃafit͡ʃ brick m- NOM oːʔ stone kiʃaʃ PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.8">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.8"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.8"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.8"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="øː ʔ i ʃ u t">øːʔiʃut</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="a ɡ u ʔ a f">aɡuʔaf</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="k i ʃ a ʃ">kiʃaʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="øː ʔ i ʃ u t">øːʔiʃut</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="øː ʔ i ʃ y t" underlying="øː ʔ i ʃ u t">øːʔiʃyt</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="a ɡ u ʔ a f">aɡuʔaf</word>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="k i ʃ a ʃ">kiʃaʃ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="uː m a">uːma</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="øː ʔ i ʃ y t" underlying="øː ʔ i ʃ u t">øːʔiʃyt</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="a ɡ u ʔ a f">aɡuʔaf</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="k i ʃ a ʃ">kiʃaʃ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">kød</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">uːma</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" underlying="øː ʔ i ʃ u t">øːʔiʃyt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="cl.8">aɡuʔaf</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">kiʃaʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uːma</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">øːʔiʃut</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aɡuʔaf</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiʃaʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>kød kuːmaf miŋ kiɡ møːʔiʃyt maɡuʔaf kiʃaʃ</p> + <p>kød kuumaf ming kig møøqishyt maguqaf kishash</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uːma</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>øːʔiʃut</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aɡuʔaf</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiʃaʃ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kød kuumaf ming kig møøqishyt maguqaf kishash. [kød kuːmaf miŋ kiɡ møːʔiʃyt maɡuʔaf kiʃaʃ] kød and k- POS uːma have -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 m- NOM øːʔiʃut slime m- NOM aɡuʔaf mortar kiʃaʃ PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/negation/obligatoryGot NEG
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for other/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="a s i m u">asimu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s a b">sab</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ŋ aː n">ŋaːn</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="iː ɲ">iːɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="a s i m u">asimu</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s a b">sab</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ŋ aː n">ŋaːn</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="iː ɲ">iːɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG">t</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">asimu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">sab</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">ŋaːn</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">iːɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">asimu</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sab</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaːn</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>tasimuf sab ŋaːn miːɲ</p> + <p>tasimuf sab ngaan miiñ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t-</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>asimu</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sab</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaːn</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iːɲ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Tasimuf sab ngaan miiñ. [tasimuf sab ŋaːn miːɲ] t- NEG asimu resemble -f indicative sab 1incl ŋaːn other m- NOM iːɲ human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.7">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
- <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.7">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.3">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i d i ʔ a">idiʔa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="e t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="iː b">iːb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" ph="y n">yn</word> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i d i ʔ a">idiʔa</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="e t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="iː b">iːb</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" ph="y n">yn</word> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">idiʔa</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="subj" tr="rheme">et͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kød</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="cl.7" role="subj" tr="rheme">iːb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme">yn</word> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">kiɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">idiʔa</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">et͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iːb</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-h</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">yn</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>kidiʔaf miŋ met͡ʃ kød miːb hahip myn kiɡ</p> + <p>kidiqaf ming mech kød miib hahip myn kig</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>idiʔa</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>et͡ʃ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iːb</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-h</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>yn</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kidiqaf ming mech kød miib hahip myn kig. [kidiʔaf miŋ met͡ʃ kød miːb hahip myn kiɡ] k- POS idiʔa shape -f indicative miŋ PAST m- NOM et͡ʃ fight kød and m- NOM iːb time ha the -h cl.1 -ip NOM m- NOM yn language kiɡ 3.cl.2 “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.9">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="cl.9">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> </np> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> </np> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u t͡ʃ i ʔ i">ut͡ʃiʔi</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" ph="i">i</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner" ph="aː ɡ u b i m">aːɡubim</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner" ph="a t͡ʃ">at͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u t͡ʃ i ʔ i">ut͡ʃiʔi</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k i ɡ">kiɡ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme" ph="i">i</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner" ph="aː ɡ u b i m">aːɡubim</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner" ph="a t͡ʃ">at͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ut͡ʃiʔi</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">kiɡ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="rheme">i</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">aːɡubim</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.9">kød</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="cl.9" role="owner">at͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ut͡ʃiʔi</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-h</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aːɡubim</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">at͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span></p> + <p>kut͡ʃiʔif miŋ kiɡ hahip mi maːɡubim kød mat͡ʃ</p> + <p>kuchiqif ming kig hahip mi maagubim kød mach</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ut͡ʃiʔi</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɡ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-h</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>i</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aːɡubim</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>at͡ʃ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kuchiqif ming kig hahip mi maagubim kød mach. [kut͡ʃiʔif miŋ kiɡ hahip mi maːɡubim kød mat͡ʃ] k- POS ut͡ʃiʔi copy -f indicative miŋ PAST kiɡ 3.cl.2 ha the -h cl.1 -ip NOM m- NOM i sound m- NOM aːɡubim mammal kød and m- NOM at͡ʃ bird “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f iː k">fiːk</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ø m i f u">ømifu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="yː k a">yːka</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e ʃ a s">eʃas</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m iː d">miːd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i ɲ i s">iɲis</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f iː k">fiːk</word>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ø m i f u">ømifu</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ø m i f y" underlying="ø m i f u">ømify</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="yː k a">yːka</word>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy>
<thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
<thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e ʃ a s">eʃas</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m iː d">miːd</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i ɲ i s">iɲis</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f iː k">fiːk</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ø m i f y" underlying="ø m i f u">ømify</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="yː k a">yːka</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ɲ i m ə# k">ɲimə#k</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e ʃ a s">eʃas</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m iː d">miːd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i ɲ i s">iɲis</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">fiːk</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ø m i f u">ømify</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">yːka</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">yn</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">sab</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ɲimə#k</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">k</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">eʃas</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2">iː</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3">miːd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3">iɲis</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲaf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fiːk</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ømifu</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">yːka</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-h</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">yn</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sab</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲimə̃k</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-k</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eʃas</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːd</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɲis</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaf</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>fiːk kømifyf miŋ kyːkaf hahip myn sab ɲimə̃k hakip meʃas miː miːd miɲis ɲaf</p> + <p>fiik kømifyf ming kyykaf hahip myn sab ñimẽk hakip meshas mii miid miñis ñaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>fiːk</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ømifu</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>yːka</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-h</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>yn</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sab</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲimə̃k</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-k</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>eʃas</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miːd</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iɲis</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaf</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Fiik kømifyf ming kyykaf hahip myn sab ñimẽk hakip meshas mii miid miñis ñaf. [fiːk kømifyf miŋ kyːkaf hahip myn sab ɲimə̃k hakip meʃas miː miːd miɲis ɲaf] fiːk but k- POS ømifu arise -f indicative miŋ PAST k- POS yːka be -f indicative ha the -h cl.1 -ip NOM m- NOM yn language sab 1incl ɲimə̃k COMP ha the -k cl.5 -ip NOM m- NOM eʃas langname m- NOM iː inside miːd different m- NOM iɲis manner ɲaf in “But Eshas, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred" number="plur">
+ <np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for single/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred"> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a n a d a">anada</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n y t">nyt</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɡ i b">ɡib</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="k ø d">kød</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="p a m a t͡ʃ">pamat͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="ɲ a d">ɲad</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="y d a b i b">ydabib</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a n a d a">anada</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n y t">nyt</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɡ i b">ɡib</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="k ø d">kød</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="p a m a t͡ʃ">pamat͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="iː">iː</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="ɲ a d">ɲad</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="y d a b i b">ydabib</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ a f">ɲaf</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">anada</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">nyt</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred">ɡib</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred">kød</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred">pamat͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2">iː</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="cl.3">ɲad</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="cl.3">ydabib</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲaf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">anada</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nyt</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡib</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kød</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pamat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲad</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ydabib</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaf</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>kanadaf miŋ nyt ɡib kød pamat͡ʃ miː ɲad mydabib ɲaf</p> + <p>kanadaf ming nyt gib kød pamach mii ñad mydabib ñaf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>anada</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nyt</o> + <g>3.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡib</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kød</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pamat͡ʃ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲad</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ydabib</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaf</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kanadaf ming nyt gib kød pamach mii ñad mydabib ñaf [kanadaf miŋ nyt ɡib kød pamat͡ʃ miː ɲad mydabib ɲaf] k- POS anada appear -f indicative miŋ PAST nyt 3.cl.1 ɡib whole kød and pamat͡ʃ perfect m- NOM iː inside ɲad single m- NOM ydabib breath ɲaf in “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/negation/obligatoryGot NEG
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u ɡ u ɡ i">uɡuɡi</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="y n">yn</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u ɡ u ɡ i">uɡuɡi</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="y n">yn</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG">t</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">uɡuɡi</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM">ha</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">h</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" tr="theme" case="NOM">yn</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">sab</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɡuɡi</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-h</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ip</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">yn</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sab</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span></p> + <p>tuɡuɡif miŋ hahip myn sab</p> + <p>tugugif ming hahip myn sab</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t-</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uɡuɡi</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-h</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ip</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>yn</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sab</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Tugugif ming hahip myn sab. [tuɡuɡif miŋ hahip myn sab] t- NEG uɡuɡi evolve -f indicative miŋ PAST ha the -h cl.1 -ip NOM m- NOM yn language sab 1incl “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/negation/obligatoryGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/optional
Got active
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i k a f u">ikafu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n y t">nyt</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i k a f u">ikafu</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i ŋ">miŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n y t">nyt</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ikafu</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">nyt</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ikafu</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nyt</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1</span></span></p> + <p>kikafuf miŋ nyt</p> + <p>kikafuf ming nyt</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>k-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ikafu</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nyt</o> + <g>3.cl.1</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kikafuf ming nyt. [kikafuf miŋ nyt] k- POS ikafu create -f indicative miŋ PAST nyt 3.cl.1 “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the texts 0.04 seconds.