A Collection of Texts in Kach
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="d a d">dad</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="l au ʋ">lauʋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut" ph="kʼ u ŋʷ">kʼuŋʷ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ au h">ɲauh</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="h e ŋ">heŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="i s">is</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ e k">kʼʷek</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ e k">kʼʷek</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɓ o l a l">ɓolal</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="d a d">dad</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="l au ʋ">lauʋ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut" ph="kʼ u ŋʷ">kʼuŋʷ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ au h">ɲauh</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="h e ŋ">heŋ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="i s">is</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ e k">kʼʷek</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ e k">kʼʷek</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɓ o l a l">ɓolal</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">dad</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">lauʋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="neut">kʼuŋʷ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">ɲauh</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">heŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">is</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">kʼʷek</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">t͡ɕok</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">kʼʷek</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ɓolal</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaub</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dad</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lauʋ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼuŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲauh</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">heŋ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷek</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕok</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷek</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓolal</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>ʃauben dad lauʋ ᵏǀauŋ ɲiɡʷ kʼuŋʷ ɲauh heŋ ᵏǀauŋis kʼʷek t͡ɕok ᵏǀə̃l kʼʷek ɓolal</p> + <p>षौबेन् दद् लौव् क्तौङ् ञिग्व् क़उङ्व् ञौह् हेङ् क्तौङिस् क़वेक् चोक् क्तेँल् क़वेक् भोलल्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʃaub</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dad</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lauʋ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɡʷ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼuŋʷ</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲauh</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>heŋ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-is</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷek</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕok</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷek</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓolal</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> <np def="def" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i k a kʼʷ">nikakʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ">t͡ɕaɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="kʼ ai l">kʼail</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i k a kʼʷ">nikakʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ">t͡ɕaɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="kʼ ai l">kʼail</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nikakʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">t͡ɕaɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">kʼail</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">ᵏǀauŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nikakʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕaɡ</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡait͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼail</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p> + <p>nikakʼʷen ʃos t͡ɕaɡ ɡait͡ʃ kʼail ᵏǀauŋ</p> + <p>निकक़वेन् षोस् चग् गैच्ष् क़ऐल् क्तौङ्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nikakʼʷ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕaɡ</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡait͡ʃ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼail</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ŋ">naŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʃ a b">ʃab</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ o ʋ u f">ᵑǀoʋuf</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d au f">dauf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ŋ">naŋ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʃ a b">ʃab</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ o ʋ u f">ᵑǀoʋuf</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d au f">dauf</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">naŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">ʃab</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵑǀoʋuf</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" gender="masc">dauf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naŋ</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃab</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀoʋuf</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡait͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dauf</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span></p> + <p>ᵏǀə̃l naŋen ʃos ʃab ᵑǀoʋuf ɲiɡʷ ɡait͡ʃ dauf</p> + <p>क्तेँल् नङेन् षोस् षब् ङ्तोवुफ़् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् दौफ़्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naŋ</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃab</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀoʋuf</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɡʷ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡait͡ʃ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dauf</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i p i ɓ">ŋipiɓ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h i ɲ a n">hiɲan</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="s e ŋ">seŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i p i ɓ">ŋipiɓ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h i ɲ a n">hiɲan</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="s e ŋ">seŋ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ŋipiɓ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">hiɲan</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">seŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋipiɓ</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiɲan</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">seŋ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ŋipiɓ hiɲanen ʃos seŋ</p> + <p>ङिपिभ् हिञनेन् षोस् सेङ्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋipiɓ</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hiɲan</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>seŋ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"> <subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> <subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i t͡ɕ">ʃit͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem" ph="h i m">him</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʋ u ŋʷ">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem" ph="s i ŋʷ">siŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʋ u ŋʷ">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="j o ʋ i kʼʷ">joʋikʼʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i t͡ɕ">ʃit͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem" ph="h i m">him</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʋ u ŋʷ">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem" ph="s i ŋʷ">siŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʋ u ŋʷ">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl" ph="j o ʋ i kʼʷ">joʋikʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃit͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">him</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl" obj="3.fem">siŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">ʋuŋʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" person="1incl">joʋikʼʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jokʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">him</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-us</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋuŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋalauʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jokʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-us</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋuŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋalauʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">joʋikʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ʃit͡ɕen ʃos jokʼʷ himus ʋuŋʷ ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ ʋalauʃ ᵏǀə̃l jokʼʷ siŋʷus ʋuŋʷ ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ ʋalauʃ joʋikʼʷ</p> + <p>षिचेन् षोस् योक़व् हिमुस् वुङ्व् क्तेग्विच् वलौष् क्तेँल् योक़व् सिङ्वुस् वुङ्व् क्तेग्विच् वलौष् योविक़व्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʃit͡ɕ</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jokʼʷ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>him</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-us</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋuŋʷ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋalauʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jokʼʷ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siŋʷ</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-us</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋuŋʷ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋalauʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>joʋikʼʷ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> <np locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <np locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ᵑǀ u ɓ i ɡ">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t͡ʃ au t͡ʃ">t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ e ɡʷ i t͡ɕ">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ᵑǀ u ɓ i ɡ">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t͡ʃ au t͡ʃ">t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" gender="neut">t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaub</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span></p> + <p>ʃauben ʃos ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ ᵑǀuɓiɡ t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</p> + <p>षौबेन् षोस् क्तेग्विच् ङ्तुभिग् च्षौच्ष्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʃaub</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀeɡʷit͡ɕ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀuɓiɡ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> <np locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <np locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i t͡ʃ a k">ᵏǀit͡ʃak</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ᵑǀ u ɓ i ɡ">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ e l ai ŋʷ">ɲelaiŋʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i t͡ʃ a k">ᵏǀit͡ʃak</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ᵑǀ u ɓ i ɡ">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ e l ai ŋʷ">ɲelaiŋʷ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀit͡ʃak</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" gender="fem">ɲelaiŋʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaub</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀit͡ʃak</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀuɓiɡ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲelaiŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span></p> + <p>ᵏǀə̃l ʃauben ʃos ᵏǀit͡ʃak ᵑǀuɓiɡ ɲelaiŋʷ</p> + <p>क्तेँल् षौबेन् षोस् क्तिच्षक् ङ्तुभिग् ञेलैङ्व्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaub</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀit͡ʃak</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀuɓiɡ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲelaiŋʷ</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
षौबेन् दद् लौव् क्तौङ् ञिग्व् क़उङ्व् ञौह् हेङ् क्तौङिस् क़वेक् चोक् क्तेँल् क़वेक् भोलल् ॥ निकक़वेन् षोस् चग् गैच्ष् क़ऐल् क्तौङ् । क्तेँल् नङेन् षोस् षब् ङ्तोवुफ़् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् दौफ़् । ङिपिभ् हिञनेन् षोस् सेङ् ॥ षिचेन् षोस् योक़व् हिमुस् वुङ्व् क्तेग्विच् वलौष् क्तेँल् योक़व् सिङ्वुस् वुङ्व् क्तेग्विच् वलौष् योविक़व् ॥ षौबेन् षोस् क्तेग्विच् ङ्तुभिग् च्षौच्ष् । क्तेँल् षौबेन् षोस् क्तिच्षक् ङ्तुभिग् ञेलैङ्व् ॥
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
A Creation Myth
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="kʷ i l o ɲ">kʷiloɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="f o f">fof</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t ai ŋʷ">taiŋʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="l au ʋ">lauʋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="kʷ i l o ɲ">kʷiloɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="f o f">fof</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t ai ŋʷ">taiŋʷ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="l au ʋ">lauʋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">kʷiloɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">fof</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">jokʼʷ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">taiŋʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">lauʋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷiloɲ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-us</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fof</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jokʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taiŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lauʋ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>kʷiloɲus fof jokʼʷ taiŋʷ lauʋ</p> + <p>क्विलोञुस् फ़ोफ़् योक़व् तैङ्व् लौव्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kʷiloɲ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-us</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fof</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jokʼʷ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taiŋʷ</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lauʋ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
- <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ a n ə# j">ɓanə#j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ e kʷ">ɡekʷ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d o t͡ʃ">dot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ a n ə# j">ɓanə#j</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ e kʷ">ɡekʷ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d o t͡ʃ">dot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɓanə#j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">ɡekʷ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">dot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʃos</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓanə̃j</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡekʷ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕok</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-at͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀel</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɓanə̃jen ɡekʷ ᵏǀə̃l dot͡ʃ t͡ɕok ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ʃos ᵏǀel</p> + <p>भनेँयेन् गेक्व् क्तेँल् दोच्ष् चोक् क्तौङच् षोस् क्तेल्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɓanə̃j</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡekʷ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dot͡ʃ</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕok</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-at͡ɕ</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀel</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ u d o ɡ">t͡ɕudoɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="ɲ i j">ɲij</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a f e ʋ">pafeʋ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ŋ i ŋ">ŋiŋ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ u d o ɡ">t͡ɕudoɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ o s">ʃos</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="ɲ i j">ɲij</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p a f e ʋ">pafeʋ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ŋ i ŋ">ŋiŋ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ɕudoɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ʃos</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme">ɲij</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">pafeʋ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="neut">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" case="GEN">ŋiŋ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕudoɡ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃos</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲij</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-at͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pafeʋ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀel</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>t͡ɕudoɡen ʃos ɲij ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ pafeʋ ᵏǀə̃l ŋiŋ ᵏǀel</p> + <p>चुदोगेन् षोस् ञिय् क्तौङच् पफ़ेव् क्तेँल् ङिङ् क्तेल्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕudoɡ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃos</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲij</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-at͡ɕ</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pafeʋ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋiŋ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀel</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np def="def" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np def="def" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɲ e l">ɲel</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ e kʼ e ɲ">ŋekʼeɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem" ph="ŋʷ a j">ŋʷaj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k a t͡ɕ">kat͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j a l">jal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="l e t͡ɕ">let͡ɕ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɲ e l">ɲel</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ e kʼ e ɲ">ŋekʼeɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem" ph="ŋʷ a j">ŋʷaj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="u s">us</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʋ a l au ʃ">ʋalauʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k a t͡ɕ">kat͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j a l">jal</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="l e t͡ɕ">let͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ɲel</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ŋekʼeɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.fem">ŋʷaj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">us</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">jokʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">ᵏǀel</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʋalauʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">kat͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="fem">jal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="fem">let͡ɕ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲel</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋekʼeɲ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷaj</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-us</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕok</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-at͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jokʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀel</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋalauʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kat͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-at͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡait͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jal</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">let͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span></p> + <p>ɲel ŋekʼeɲen ŋʷajus t͡ɕok ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ jokʼʷ ᵏǀel ʋalauʃ kat͡ɕ ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ ɲiɡʷ ɡait͡ʃ jal let͡ɕ</p> + <p>ञेल् ङेक़एञेन् ङ्वयुस् चोक् क्तौङच् योक़व् क्तेल् वलौष् कच् क्तौङच् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् यल् लेच्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɲel</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋekʼeɲ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷaj</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-us</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕok</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-at͡ɕ</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jokʼʷ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀel</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋalauʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kat͡ɕ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-at͡ɕ</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɡʷ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡait͡ʃ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jal</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>let͡ɕ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred" number="plur">
+ <np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np def="def" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np def="def" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred"> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np def="def" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i ɡ e kʷ">niɡekʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t e">te</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɲ au h">ɲauh</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="b a kʼʷ o ŋ">bakʼʷoŋ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="d u n">dun</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ o t͡ʃ e ʋ">ɡot͡ʃeʋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i ɡ e kʷ">niɡekʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t e">te</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɲ au h">ɲauh</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="ᵏǀ ə# l">ᵏǀə#l</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="b a kʼʷ o ŋ">bakʼʷoŋ</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ i ɡʷ">ɲiɡʷ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ai t͡ʃ">ɡait͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="d u n">dun</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ o t͡ʃ e ʋ">ɡot͡ʃeʋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">niɡekʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">te</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred">ɲauh</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred">ᵏǀə#l</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred">bakʼʷoŋ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="masc">ɡait͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" gender="neut">dun</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" gender="neut">ɡot͡ʃeʋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niɡekʷ</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">3.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲauh</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀə̃l</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bakʼʷoŋ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡait͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dun</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡot͡ʃeʋ</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span></p> + <p>niɡekʷen te ɲauh ᵏǀə̃l bakʼʷoŋ ɲiɡʷ ɡait͡ʃ dun ɡot͡ʃeʋ</p> + <p>निगेक्वेन् ते ञौह् क्तेँल् बक़वोङ् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् दुन् गोच्षेव्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>niɡekʷ</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>3.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲauh</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀə̃l</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bakʼʷoŋ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɡʷ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡait͡ʃ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dun</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡot͡ʃeʋ</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="kʷ i d a ɲ">kʷidaɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="f o f">fof</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="kʷ i d a ɲ">kʷidaɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="f o f">fof</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ o k">t͡ɕok</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ᵏǀ au ŋ">ᵏǀauŋ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="a t͡ɕ">at͡ɕ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j o kʼʷ">jokʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ᵏǀ e l">ᵏǀel</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kʷidaɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">fof</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">t͡ɕok</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">ᵏǀauŋ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">at͡ɕ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">jokʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">ᵏǀel</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷidaɲ</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fof</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕok</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-at͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jokʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀel</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>kʷidaɲen fof t͡ɕok ᵏǀauŋat͡ɕ jokʼʷ ᵏǀel</p> + <p>क्विदञेन् फ़ोफ़् चोक् क्तौङच् योक़व् क्तेल्</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kʷidaɲ</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fof</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕok</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀauŋ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-at͡ɕ</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jokʼʷ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀel</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a ɡ u ɓ">t͡ʃaɡuɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="t e">te</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a ɡ u ɓ">t͡ʃaɡuɓ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="t e">te</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ʃaɡuɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">en</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="fem" gloss="3.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">te</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaɡuɓ</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">3.fem</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʃaɡuɓen te</p> + <p>च्षगुभेन् ते</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃaɡuɓ</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>3.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
क्विलोञुस् फ़ोफ़् योक़व् तैङ्व् लौव् ॥ भनेँयेन् गेक्व् क्तेँल् दोच्ष् चोक् क्तौङच् षोस् क्तेल् ॥ चुदोगेन् षोस् ञिय् क्तौङच् पफ़ेव् क्तेँल् ङिङ् क्तेल् ॥ ञेल् ङेक़एञेन् ङ्वयुस् चोक् क्तौङच् योक़व् क्तेल् वलौष् कच् क्तौङच् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् यल् लेच् ॥ निगेक्वेन् ते ञौह् क्तेँल् बक़वोङ् ञिग्व् गैच्ष् दुन् गोच्षेव् ॥ क्विदञेन् फ़ोफ़् चोक् क्तौङच् योक़व् क्तेल् । च्षगुभेन् ते ॥
We are not like other people. Their languages were shaped by struggle and time. They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that. But our language arose in a different way. It was born whole and perfect in a single breath. Our language did not evolve; it was created.
Language creation took 0.03 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.