A Collection of Texts in Nyaung
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ o ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃoʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ o ɲ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡoɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai" slots="Cir V1">tai</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="t a d" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ i ɲ o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiɲok</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ o ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃoʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ o ɲ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡoɲ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai" slots="Cir V1">tai</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="t a d" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tad</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ i ɲ o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiɲok</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ u ɲ o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i ɲ o k">ɡʷuɲok</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/ɡʷ/ + /d/ > // + /d//a/ + /i/ > // + /e/
/f/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /f/
/ɲ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /ɓ/
/u/ + /i/ > // + /i/
/f/ + /t/ > // + /f/
/d/ + /ɓ/ > // + /d/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
/t͡ʃ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/k/ + /ɓ/ > // + /k/
/u/ + /a/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ o ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃoʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ o ɲ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡoɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai" slots="Cir V1">tai</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="t a d" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ʃif</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ u ɲ o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i ɲ o k">ɡʷuɲok</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f o ʃ" underlying="t͡ʃ o ʃ">foʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ o" underlying="ɡ o ɲ">ɡo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ" underlying="ɓ i">ɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f ai" underlying="t ai">fai</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="t a" underlying="t a d">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="f a s">fas</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ u ɲ o" underlying="ɡʷ i ɲ o k">ɡʷuɲo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="k" underlying="ɓ i">k</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f o ʃ" underlying="t͡ʃ o ʃ">foʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ o" underlying="ɡ o ɲ">ɡo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ" underlying="ɓ i">ɓ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f ai" underlying="t ai">fai</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="t a" underlying="t a d">ta</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="f a s">fas</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ u ɲ o" underlying="ɡʷ i ɲ o k">ɡʷuɲo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="k" underlying="ɓ i">k</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="t͡ʃ o ʃ">foʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɡ o ɲ">ɡo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">ɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="t ai">fai</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" underlying="t a d">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">fas</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɓem</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">t͡ʃif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" underlying="ɡʷ i ɲ o k">ɡʷuɲo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">k</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀen</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀoɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃoʃ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡoɲ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tai</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tad</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fas</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiɲok</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span></p> + <p>ᵑǀen ɓa ᵏǀodet͡ʃ foʃ ɡoɓit͡ʃ fai tadit͡ʃ fas t͡ʃif t͡ɕit͡ʃef ɓem t͡ʃif ɡʷuɲokef</p> + <p>ncen bba codech fosh gobbich fai tadich fas chif tyichef bbem chif gwuñokef</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀen</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀoɡʷ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃoʃ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡoɲ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tai</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tad</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fas</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃif</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕit͡ʃ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃif</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiɲok</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ncen bba codech fosh gobbich fai tadich fas chif tyichef bbem chif gwuñokef. [ᵑǀen ɓa ᵏǀodet͡ʃ foʃ ɡoɓit͡ʃ fai tadit͡ʃ fas t͡ʃif t͡ɕit͡ʃef ɓem t͡ʃif ɡʷuɲokef] ᵑǀen have ɓa PAST ᵏǀoɡʷ human being -da plur -it͡ʃ def f- NOM t͡ʃoʃ all ɡoɲ earth -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def f- NOM tai whole tad surface -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def fas in t͡ʃif one t͡ɕit͡ʃ language -ɓi sing -af not.def ɓem and t͡ʃif one ɡʷiɲok dialect -ɓi sing -af not.def “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ a t͡ɕ u ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ o t" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓot</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɓ e ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓeŋʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ a t͡ɕ u ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ o t" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓot</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɓ e ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓeŋʷ</word>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/t/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t//u/ + /i/ > // + /i/
/kʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /kʷ/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ a t͡ɕ u ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ a t͡ɕ u ʃ">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ o t" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓot</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɓ e ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓeŋʷ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ o" underlying="ɓ o t">ɓo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɓ e ŋʷ">ɓeŋʷ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ a t͡ɕ u ʃ">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ o" underlying="ɓ o t">ɓo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɓ e ŋʷ">ɓeŋʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɓ o t">ɓo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ɓeŋʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓot</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓeŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ ɓa faut͡ʃ ɓotit͡ʃ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ ɓeŋʷ</p> + <p>gwatyush bba fauch bbotich tyiquich bbengw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓot</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕikʷ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓeŋʷ</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Gwatyush bba fauch bbotich tyiquich bbengw. [ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ ɓa faut͡ʃ ɓotit͡ʃ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ ɓeŋʷ] ɡʷat͡ɕuʃ journey ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur ɓot east -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def t͡ɕikʷ inside -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def ɓeŋʷ from “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for wide/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a k" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fak</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ a d a ŋ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ʃadaŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h a s a ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">hasaɡʷ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t a t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tat͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ŋ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /ŋ//i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/f/ + /h/ > // + /f/
/t͡ɕ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t͡ɕ/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/kʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /kʷ/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a k" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fak</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a k">fak</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ a d a ŋ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ʃadaŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h a s a ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">hasaɡʷ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t a t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tat͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ a d a" underlying="ʃ a d a ŋ">ʃada</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a s a ɡʷ" underlying="h a s a ɡʷ">fasaɡʷ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t a" underlying="t a t͡ɕ">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a s">fas</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a k">fak</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ a d a" underlying="ʃ a d a ŋ">ʃada</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a s a ɡʷ" underlying="h a s a ɡʷ">fasaɡʷ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t a" underlying="t a t͡ɕ">ta</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a s">fas</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">fak</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ʃ a d a ŋ">ʃada</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="h a s a ɡʷ">fasaɡʷ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="t a t͡ɕ">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">fas</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fak</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀais</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃadaŋ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hasaɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀais</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tat͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fas</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ɓem fak ɓa faut͡ʃ ᵑǀais ʃadaŋef fasaɡʷ ᵑǀais tat͡ɕef t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas</p> + <p>bbem fak bba fauch ncais shadangef fasagw ncais tatyef tyiquich fas</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fak</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀais</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃadaŋ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hasaɡʷ</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀais</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tat͡ɕ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕikʷ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fas</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Bbem fak bba fauch ncais shadangef fasagw ncais tatyef tyiquich fas. [ɓem fak ɓa faut͡ʃ ᵑǀais ʃadaŋef fasaɡʷ ᵑǀais tat͡ɕef t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas] ɓem and fak find ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur ᵑǀais a ʃadaŋ plain -ɓi sing -af not.def f- NOM hasaɡʷ wide ᵑǀais a tat͡ɕ land -ɓi sing -af not.def t͡ɕikʷ inside -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def fas in “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/optionalGot active
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="h a t e ɡ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">hateɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i t i ɓ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kitiɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f au ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fauŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="h a t e ɡ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">hateɡ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i t i ɓ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kitiɓ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="h a t e ɡ">hateɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i t i ɓ">kitiɓ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f au ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fauŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f au ŋ">fauŋ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="h a t e ɡ">hateɡ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i t i ɓ">kitiɓ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f au ŋ">fauŋ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">hateɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kitiɓ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">fauŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hateɡ</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kitiɓ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>hateɡ kitiɓ ɓa faut͡ʃ fauŋ</p> + <p>hateg kitibb bba fauch faung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hateɡ</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kitiɓ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fauŋ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hateg kitibb bba fauch faung. [hateɡ kitiɓ ɓa faut͡ʃ fauŋ] hateɡ thus kitiɓ dwell ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur fauŋ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- <subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ </subs>
+ <subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/optional
Got active
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ e f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡʷef</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ i t" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ᵑǀit</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="b o ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">boŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ i t" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ᵑǀit</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e k" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɲek</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ i d i ɡʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɓidiɡʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ e f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡʷef</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ i t" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ᵑǀit</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u t" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀut</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="b o ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">boŋ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ i t" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ᵑǀit</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u t" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀut</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e k" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɲek</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ i d i ɡʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɓidiɡʷ</word>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/t/ + /ɡʷ/ > // + /t//ŋʷ/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/a/ + /a/ > // + /a/
/t/ + /ɡʷ/ > // + /t/
/ŋʷ/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/a/ + /a/ > // + /a/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ e f" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡʷef</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ e f">ɡʷef</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u t" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀut</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="b o ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">boŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="b o ŋ">boŋ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b">deb</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u t" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀut</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e k" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɲek</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e k">ɲek</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">deb</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b">deb</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">heɡʷaf</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ i d i ɡʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɓidiɡʷ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ i d i ɡʷ">ɓidiɡʷ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡʷ e f">ɡʷef</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t">fat</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="b o ŋ">boŋ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b">deb</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f">heɡʷaf</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a t">fat</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="ᵑǀ u" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e k">ɲek</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="d e b">deb</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h e ɡʷ a f">heɡʷaf</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ɓ i d i ɡʷ">ɓidiɡʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɡʷef</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">boŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">deb</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">ɓem</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="ᵑǀ i t">ᵑǀu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">tubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">af</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">ɲek</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">deb</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">heɡʷaf</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">ɓidiɡʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷef</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fat</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀit-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiboŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">boŋ</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">deb</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">heɡʷaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fat</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀit-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiboŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲek</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">deb</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">heɡʷaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓidiɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ɡʷef ɓa faut͡ʃ fat ᵑǀutubodaf boŋ deb heɡʷaf ɓem fat ᵑǀutubodaf ɲek deb heɡʷaf ɓidiɡʷ</p> + <p>gwef bba fauch fat ncutubodaf bong deb hegwaf bbem fat ncutubodaf ñek deb hegwaf bbidigw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡʷef</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fat</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀit-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiboŋʷ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>boŋ</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>deb</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>heɡʷaf</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fat</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀit-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiboŋʷ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲek</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>deb</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>heɡʷaf</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓidiɡʷ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Gwef bba fauch fat ncutubodaf bong deb hegwaf bbem fat ncutubodaf ñek deb hegwaf bbidigw. [ɡʷef ɓa faut͡ʃ fat ᵑǀutubodaf boŋ deb heɡʷaf ɓem fat ᵑǀutubodaf ɲek deb heɡʷaf ɓidiɡʷ] ɡʷef say ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur fat 1incl.plur ᵑǀit- ACC ɡʷiboŋʷ brick -da plur -af not.def boŋ make deb imperative heɡʷaf COMP ɓem and fat 1incl.plur ᵑǀit- ACC ɡʷiboŋʷ brick -da plur -af not.def ɲek burn deb imperative heɡʷaf COMP ɓidiɡʷ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡʷin</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɡʷiboŋʷ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡʷin</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">bekat͡ʃ</word>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/ŋʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /ŋʷ//u/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/n/ + /ɓ/ > // + /n/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ u b o ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷuboŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡʷin</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">bekat͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋʷ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i" underlying="ɡʷ i n">ɡʷi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ u b o" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷubo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋʷ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡʷ i" underlying="ɡʷ i n">ɡʷi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ">bekat͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɡʷ i b o ŋʷ">ɡʷubo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɡʷ i n">ɡʷi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀen</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiboŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷin</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bekat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ᵑǀen ɓa faut͡ʃ ɡʷuboŋʷef ɡʷinef bekat͡ʃ</p> + <p>ncen bba fauch gwubongwef gwinef bekach</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀen</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiboŋʷ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷin</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bekat͡ʃ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ncen bba fauch gwubongwef gwinef bekach. [ᵑǀen ɓa faut͡ʃ ɡʷuboŋʷef ɡʷinef bekat͡ʃ] ᵑǀen have ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur ɡʷiboŋʷ brick -ɓi sing -af not.def ɡʷin stone -ɓi sing -af not.def bekat͡ʃ PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ɲ a d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɲiɲad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ŋʷ e b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ŋaŋʷeb</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/d/ + /ɓ/ > // + /d//i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/b/ + /ɓ/ > // + /b/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀen</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ɲ a d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ɲiɲad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ŋʷ e b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">ŋaŋʷeb</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">bekat͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ɲ a" underlying="ɲ i ɲ a d">ɲiɲa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ŋʷ e" underlying="ŋ a ŋʷ e b">ŋaŋʷe</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b" underlying="ɓ i">b</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ e n">ᵑǀen</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ɲ a" underlying="ɲ i ɲ a d">ɲiɲa</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ŋʷ e" underlying="ŋ a ŋʷ e b">ŋaŋʷe</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="b" underlying="ɓ i">b</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="b e k a t͡ʃ">bekat͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ɓem</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ᵑǀen</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɲ i ɲ a d">ɲiɲa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ŋ a ŋʷ e b">ŋaŋʷe</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">b</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">bekat͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀen</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɲad</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaŋʷeb</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bekat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɓem ᵑǀen ɓa faut͡ʃ ɲiɲadef ŋaŋʷebef bekat͡ʃ</p> + <p>bbem ncen bba fauch ñiñadef ngangwebef bekach</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀen</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɲad</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaŋʷeb</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bekat͡ʃ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Bbem ncen bba fauch ñiñadef ngangwebef bekach. [ɓem ᵑǀen ɓa faut͡ʃ ɲiɲadef ŋaŋʷebef bekat͡ʃ] ɓem and ᵑǀen have ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur ɲiɲad slime -ɓi sing -af not.def ŋaŋʷeb mortar -ɓi sing -af not.def bekat͡ʃ PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for other/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ e s u b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ŋʷesub</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ɡʷis</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ u kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵏǀukʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ e s u b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ŋʷesub</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ o s u b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr" underlying="ŋʷ e s u b">ŋʷosub</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ɡʷis</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ u kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵏǀukʷ</word> </flat> </s>
applysandhi:
/ɡʷ/ + /d/ > // + /d//a/ + /a/ > // + /a/
/f/ + /ᵏǀ/ > // + /f/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ o s u b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr" underlying="ŋʷ e s u b">ŋʷosub</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ o s u b" underlying="ŋʷ e s u b">ŋʷosub</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ɡʷis</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s">ɡʷis</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ᵏǀoɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ u kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵏǀukʷ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a t">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="f u kʷ" underlying="ᵏǀ u kʷ">fukʷ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ŋʷ o s u b" underlying="ŋʷ e s u b">ŋʷosub</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s">ɡʷis</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a t">fat</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ᵏǀ o" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="f u kʷ" underlying="ᵏǀ u kʷ">fukʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" underlying="ŋʷ e s u b">ŋʷosub</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ɡʷis</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" underlying="ᵏǀ o ɡʷ">ᵏǀo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" underlying="ᵏǀ u kʷ">fukʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷesub</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷis</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fat</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀoɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀukʷ</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span></p> + <p>ŋʷosub ɡʷis fat ᵏǀodaf fukʷ</p> + <p>ngwosub gwis fat codaf fuqu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋʷesub</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷis</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fat</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀoɡʷ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀukʷ</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ngwosub gwis fat codaf fuqu. [ŋʷosub ɡʷis fat ᵏǀodaf fukʷ] ŋʷesub resemble ɡʷis NEG fat 1incl.plur ᵏǀoɡʷ human being -da plur -af not.def f- NOM ᵏǀukʷ other “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a s o f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">dasof</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ o n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓon</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ɕ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕais</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a s o f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">dasof</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ o n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓon</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ɕ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕais</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/n/ + /ɓ/ > // + /n//u/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/s/ + /ɓ/ > // + /s/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/t͡ʃ/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/a/ + /i/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a s o f" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">dasof</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a s o f">dasof</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ o n" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɓon</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ɕ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕais</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ o" underlying="ɓ o n">ɓo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ɕ ai" underlying="t͡ɕ ai s">t͡ɕai</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s" underlying="ɓ i">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a s o f">dasof</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ o" underlying="ɓ o n">ɓo</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="n" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ɕ ai" underlying="t͡ɕ ai s">t͡ɕai</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="s" underlying="ɓ i">s</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">dasof</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="ɓ o n">ɓo</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">n</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="t͡ɕ ai s">t͡ɕai</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dasof</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓon</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕais</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span></p> + <p>dasof ɓa ɓonef ɓem t͡ɕaisef faut͡ʃ t͡ɕidet͡ʃ</p> + <p>dasof bba bbonef bbem tyaisef fauch tyidech</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dasof</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓon</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕais</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕit͡ʃ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dasof bba bbonef bbem tyaisef fauch tyidech. [dasof ɓa ɓonef ɓem t͡ɕaisef faut͡ʃ t͡ɕidet͡ʃ] dasof shape ɓa PAST ɓon fight -ɓi sing -af not.def ɓem and t͡ɕais time -ɓi sing -af not.def faut͡ʃ 3.plur t͡ɕit͡ʃ language -da plur -it͡ʃ def “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - </np> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ i ɡ ai ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u ɡʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">t͡ɕat͡ɕuɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɡ e t" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡet</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t u s" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tus</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ɡʷ/ + /d/ > // + /d//a/ + /a/ > // + /a/
/t/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/a/ + /a/ > // + /a/
/s/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/a/ + /i/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ i ɡ ai ŋʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ i ɡ ai ŋʷ">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u ɡʷ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">t͡ɕat͡ɕuɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɡ e t" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɡet</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t u s" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">tus</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d a" slots="Cmr V2">da</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u" underlying="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u ɡʷ">t͡ɕat͡ɕu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɡ e" underlying="ɡ e t">ɡe</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t u" underlying="t u s">tu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ i ɡ ai ŋʷ">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f au t͡ʃ">faut͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u" underlying="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u ɡʷ">t͡ɕat͡ɕu</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɡ e" underlying="ɡ e t">ɡe</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f">af</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t u" underlying="t u s">tu</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d" underlying="d a">d</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡ʃ" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">faut͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" underlying="t͡ɕ a t͡ɕ u ɡʷ">t͡ɕat͡ɕu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">af</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">ɓem</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" underlying="ɡ e t">ɡe</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">af</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" underlying="t u s">tu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="d a">d</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" underlying="i t͡ʃ">et͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋiɡaiŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕat͡ɕuɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡet</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tus</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-da</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span></p> + <p>ŋiɡaiŋʷ ɓa faut͡ʃ t͡ɕat͡ɕudaf ɓem ɡedaf tudet͡ʃ</p> + <p>ngigaingw bba fauch tyatyudaf bbem gedaf tudech</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋiɡaiŋʷ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faut͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕat͡ɕuɡʷ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡet</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tus</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-da</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ngigaingw bba fauch tyatyudaf bbem gedaf tudech. [ŋiɡaiŋʷ ɓa faut͡ʃ t͡ɕat͡ɕudaf ɓem ɡedaf tudet͡ʃ] ŋiɡaiŋʷ copy ɓa PAST faut͡ʃ 3.plur t͡ɕat͡ɕuɡʷ mammal -da plur -af not.def ɓem and ɡet bird -da plur -af not.def tus sound -da plur -it͡ʃ def “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sequential:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ŋin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e b au k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">sebauk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ʃ i ɡ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃiɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ɲ au ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲauŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k au t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kaut͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ʃ e ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">diʃeŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="then" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ŋin</word>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e b au k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">sebauk</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s o b au k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr" underlying="s e b au k">sobauk</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ʃ i ɡ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃiɡ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ɲ au ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲauŋʷ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k au t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kaut͡ɕ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ʃ e ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">diʃeŋ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy>
<thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word>
</flat>
</s>
applysandhi:
/ŋʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /ŋʷ//u/ + /i/ > // + /i/
/t͡ʃ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
/t͡ɕ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t͡ɕ/
/u/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/f/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/kʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /kʷ/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i n" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ŋin</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s o b au k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr" underlying="s e b au k">sobauk</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i n">ŋin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s o b au k" underlying="s e b au k">sobauk</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ʃ i ɡ" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃiɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ʃ i ɡ">ʃiɡ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ɲ au ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲauŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k au t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kaut͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ u" slots="Cmr V2" underlying="ɓ i">ɓu</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ʃ e ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">diʃeŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ɲ au" underlying="ɲ au ŋʷ">ɲau</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋʷ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k au" underlying="k au t͡ɕ">kau</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ʃ e ŋ">diʃeŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s">fas</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ŋ i n">ŋin</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s o b au k" underlying="s e b au k">sobauk</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ʃ i ɡ">ʃiɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ɲ au" underlying="ɲ au ŋʷ">ɲau</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ŋʷ" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t">fat</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k au" underlying="k au t͡ɕ">kau</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ʃ e ŋ">diʃeŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s">fas</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ŋin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="s e b au k">sobauk</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ʃiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" underlying="ɲ au ŋʷ">ɲau</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">ŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="k au t͡ɕ">kau</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ɕ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number">diʃeŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">fas</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋin</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sebauk</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲauŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fat</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀais</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaut͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diʃeŋ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fas</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ŋin sobauk ɓa ʃiɡ ɲauŋʷit͡ʃ fat t͡ɕit͡ʃit͡ʃ ᵑǀais kaut͡ɕef diʃeŋ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas</p> + <p>ngin sobauk bba shig ñaungwich fat tyichich ncais kautyef disheng tyiquich fas</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋin</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sebauk</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiɡ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲauŋʷ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fat</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕit͡ʃ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀais</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaut͡ɕ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diʃeŋ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕikʷ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fas</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ngin sobauk bba shig ñaungwich fat tyichich ncais kautyef disheng tyiquich fas. [ŋin sobauk ɓa ʃiɡ ɲauŋʷit͡ʃ fat t͡ɕit͡ʃit͡ʃ ᵑǀais kaut͡ɕef diʃeŋ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas] ŋin then sebauk arise ɓa PAST ʃiɡ be ɲauŋʷ langname -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def fat 1incl.plur t͡ɕit͡ʃ language -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def ᵑǀais a kaut͡ɕ manner -ɓi sing -af not.def f- NOM diʃeŋ different t͡ɕikʷ inside -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def fas in “But Nyaung, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for single/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ a t͡ɕ a m" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡat͡ɕam</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t͡ɕ e s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ɕes</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t ai" slots="Cir V1">tai</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɓ a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">ɓaɲiɡat͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ ai t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">biɓait</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b u d a ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">budaŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/f/ + /t/ > // + /f//f/ + /ɓ/ > // + /f/
/t/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t/
/i/ + /a/ > // + /e/
/f/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/kʷ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /kʷ/
/i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ a t͡ɕ a m" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡat͡ɕam</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ a t͡ɕ a m">ɡat͡ɕam</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t͡ɕ e s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ɕes</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t ai" slots="Cir V1">tai</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɓ e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɓem</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɓ a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">ɓaɲiɡat͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ ai t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">biɓait</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="a f" slots="V2 Cfs">af</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b u d a ŋ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2 Cfr">budaŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i kʷ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕikʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fas</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t͡ɕ e s">t͡ɕes</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f ai" underlying="t ai">fai</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ">faɲiɡat͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ ai" underlying="b i ɓ ai t">biɓai</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b u d a ŋ">budaŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s">fas</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ a t͡ɕ a m">ɡat͡ɕam</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t͡ɕ e s">t͡ɕes</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f ai" underlying="t ai">fai</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɓ e m">ɓem</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ" underlying="ɓ a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ">faɲiɡat͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ai s">ᵑǀais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ ai" underlying="b i ɓ ai t">biɓai</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b u d a ŋ">budaŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="kʷ" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a s">fas</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɡat͡ɕam</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">t͡ɕes</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="t ai">fai</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">ɓem</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="ɓ a ɲ i ɡ a t͡ɕ">faɲiɡat͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">ᵑǀais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="b i ɓ ai t">biɓai</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def" underlying="a f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number">budaŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" underlying="t͡ɕ i kʷ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">fas</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡat͡ɕam</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕes</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tai</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓem</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaɲiɡat͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀais</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɓait</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-af</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">budaŋ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕikʷ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fas</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ɡat͡ɕam ɓa t͡ɕes fai ɓem faɲiɡat͡ɕ ᵑǀais biɓaitef budaŋ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas</p> + <p>gatyam bba tyes fai bbem fañigaty ncais bibbaitef budang tyiquich fas</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡat͡ɕam</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕes</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tai</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓem</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaɲiɡat͡ɕ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀais</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɓait</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-af</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>budaŋ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕikʷ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fas</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Gatyam bba tyes fai bbem fañigaty ncais bibbaitef budang tyiquich fas [ɡat͡ɕam ɓa t͡ɕes fai ɓem faɲiɡat͡ɕ ᵑǀais biɓaitef budaŋ t͡ɕikʷit͡ʃ fas] ɡat͡ɕam appear ɓa PAST t͡ɕes 3.sing f- NOM tai whole ɓem and f- NOM ɓaɲiɡat͡ɕ perfect ᵑǀais a biɓait breath -ɓi sing -af not.def f- NOM budaŋ single t͡ɕikʷ inside -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def fas in “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a ɓ a ɡ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">saɓaɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ɡʷis</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/t͡ʃ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /t͡ʃ//i/ + /i/ > // + /i/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a ɓ a ɡ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">saɓaɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a ɓ a ɡ">saɓaɡ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ɡʷis</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s">ɡʷis</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">fat</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t">fat</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɓ i" slots="Cmr V2">ɓi</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ" slots="V2 Cfs">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a ɓ a ɡ">saɓaɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɡʷ i s">ɡʷis</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="f a t">fat</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ i" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="i t͡ʃ">it͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">saɓaɡ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ɡʷis</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">fat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" underlying="t͡ɕ i t͡ʃ">t͡ɕi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɓ i">t͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">it͡ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saɓaɡ</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷis</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fat</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɓi</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span></p> + <p>saɓaɡ ɓa ɡʷis fat t͡ɕit͡ʃit͡ʃ</p> + <p>sabbag bba gwis fat tyichich</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>saɓaɡ</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷis</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fat</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕit͡ʃ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɓi</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it͡ʃ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sabbag bba gwis fat tyichich. [saɓaɡ ɓa ɡʷis fat t͡ɕit͡ʃit͡ʃ] saɓaɡ evolve ɓa PAST ɡʷis NEG fat 1incl.plur t͡ɕit͡ʃ language -ɓi sing -it͡ʃ def “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/optionalGot active
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1">t͡ɕaɡa</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ e s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ɕes</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1">t͡ɕaɡa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ a">t͡ɕaɡa</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a" slots="Cis V2">ɓa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ e s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">t͡ɕes</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ e s">t͡ɕes</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ɕ a ɡ a">t͡ɕaɡa</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="" slots="V1 V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɓ a">ɓa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t͡ɕ e s">t͡ɕes</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ɕaɡa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɓa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡ɕes</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕaɡa</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕes</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ɕaɡa ɓa t͡ɕes</p> + <p>tyaga bba tyes</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕaɡa</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕes</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Tyaga bba tyes. [t͡ɕaɡa ɓa t͡ɕes] t͡ɕaɡa create ɓa PAST t͡ɕes 3.sing “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.