A Collection of Texts in Bany
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut"> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ i ɓ">ɡʷiɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="a ɡ">aɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t o dˤ">todˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="sˤ u">sˤu</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="kʼ i n">kʼin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="b e s i ʂ">besiʂ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ i ɓ">ɡʷiɓ</word>
<thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="a ɡ">aɡ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t o dˤ">todˤ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="sˤ u">sˤu</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="kʼ i n">kʼin</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="b e s i ʂ">besiʂ</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ i ɓ">ɡʷiɓ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="a ɡ">aɡ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t o dˤ">todˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="sˤ u">sˤu</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="kʼ i n">kʼin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="b e s i ʂ">besiʂ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f au ʃ">fauʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc">me</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">ɡʷiɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">aɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">todˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">nˤotˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">sˤu</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">kʼin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">kakʼʷ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">fauʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">besiʂ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">fauʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤukʷ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">me-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiɓ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aɡ</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">todˤ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤotˤ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤu</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼin</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kakʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fauʃ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">besiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fauʃ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>nˤukʷaŋ ɽib meɡaɾ ɡʷiɓaɡ todˤ ɡaɾ nˤotˤusˤ sˤuot kʼin kakʼʷ fauʃ nˤaʂ besiʂ fauʃ</p> + <p>нъукваӈ р̇иб меґар ґвиб̱аґ тодъ ґар нъотъусъ съуот кин каквъ фаўш нъас̇ бесис̇ фаўш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nˤukʷ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>me-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiɓ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aɡ</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>todˤ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤotˤ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤu</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼin</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kakʼʷ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fauʃ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>besiʂ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fauʃ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нъукваӈ р̇иб меґар ґвиб̱аґ тодъ ґар нъотъусъ съуот кин каквъ фаўш нъас̇ бесис̇ фаўш. [nˤukʷaŋ ɽib meɡaɾ ɡʷiɓaɡ todˤ ɡaɾ nˤotˤusˤ sˤuot kʼin kakʼʷ fauʃ nˤaʂ besiʂ fauʃ] nˤukʷ have -aŋ active ɽib PAST me- masc ɡaɾ the ɡʷiɓ all -aɡ masc todˤ human being ɡaɾ the nˤotˤ whole -isˤ neut sˤu earth -et LOC kʼin in_surface kakʼʷ language fauʃ one nˤaʂ and besiʂ dialect fauʃ one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ a ɖ au ɓ">ʃaɖauɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ e">kʷe</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ a t͡ʃ">t͡ʃat͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="kʼʷ o t">kʼʷot</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ a ɖ au ɓ">ʃaɖauɓ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ e">kʷe</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ a t͡ʃ">t͡ʃat͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="kʼʷ o t">kʼʷot</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃaɖauɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem">kʷe</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">t͡ʃat͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">et</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">kʼʷot</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaɖauɓ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷe-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷot</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ʃaɖauɓaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʷeɡaɾ t͡ʃat͡ʃet kʼʷot</p> + <p>шад̇аўб̱аӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квеґар чачет квъот</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʃaɖauɓ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷe-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃat͡ʃ</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷot</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Шад̇аўб̱аӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квеґар чачет квъот. [ʃaɖauɓaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʷeɡaɾ t͡ʃat͡ʃet kʼʷot] ʃaɖauɓ journey -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc kʷe- fem ɡaɾ the t͡ʃat͡ʃ east -et LOC kʼʷot from_inside “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for wide/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ɳ">kiɳ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i j">nij</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ŋ e d au t͡ʃ">ŋedaut͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b o ɲ">boɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ɳ">kiɳ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i j">nij</word>
<thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ŋ e d au t͡ʃ">ŋedaut͡ʃ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ŋ o d au t͡ʃ" underlying="ŋ e d au t͡ʃ">ŋodaut͡ʃ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b o ɲ">boɲ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ɳ">kiɳ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i j">nij</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ŋ o d au t͡ʃ" underlying="ŋ e d au t͡ʃ">ŋodaut͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b o ɲ">boɲ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kiɳ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">nij</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" underlying="ŋ e d au t͡ʃ">ŋodaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">boɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">soɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɳ</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷat</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nij</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋedaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷat</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">boɲ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">soɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>nˤaʂ kiɳaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʼʷat nijisˤ ŋodaut͡ʃ kʼʷat boɲot soɲ</p> + <p>нъас̇ кин̇аӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квъат нијисъ ӈодаўч квъат боњот соњ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɳ</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷat</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nij</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋedaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷat</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>boɲ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>soɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нъас̇ кин̇аӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квъат нијисъ ӈодаўч квъат боњот соњ. [nˤaʂ kiɳaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʼʷat nijisˤ ŋodaut͡ʃ kʼʷat boɲot soɲ] nˤaʂ and kiɳ find -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc kʼʷat a nij wide -isˤ neut ŋedaut͡ʃ plain kʼʷat a boɲ land -et LOC soɲ in_inside “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɗˤ a sˤ i j">ɗˤasˤij</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋʷ i ʃ au ʃ">ŋʷiʃauʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="kʼʷ e f">kʼʷef</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="thus" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɗˤ a sˤ i j">ɗˤasˤij</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋʷ i ʃ au ʃ">ŋʷiʃauʃ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋʷ u ʃ au ʃ" underlying="ŋʷ i ʃ au ʃ">ŋʷuʃauʃ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="kʼʷ e f">kʼʷef</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɗˤ a sˤ i j">ɗˤasˤij</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋʷ u ʃ au ʃ" underlying="ŋʷ i ʃ au ʃ">ŋʷuʃauʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="kʼʷ e f">kʼʷef</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ɗˤasˤij</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ŋʷ i ʃ au ʃ">ŋʷuʃauʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">kʼʷef</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗˤasˤij</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷiʃauʃ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷef</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ɗˤasˤij ŋʷuʃauʃaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʼʷef</p> + <p>д̱ъасъиј ӈвушаўшаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квъеф</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗˤasˤij</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷiʃauʃ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷef</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Д̱ъасъиј ӈвушаўшаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ квъеф. [ɗˤasˤij ŋʷuʃauʃaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ kʼʷef] ɗˤasˤij thus ŋʷiʃauʃ dwell -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc kʼʷef there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="neut">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="neut">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="neut">
+ <np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="neut">
+ <np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" person="1incl">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" gender="neut">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut" person="1incl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl"> <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/> </np> <np role="owner" gender="neut"> <subs> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl"> <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/> </np> <np role="owner" gender="neut"> <subs> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" person="1incl">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/>
</np>
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> - </subs> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɗˤ ai j">ɗˤaij</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="kʼ ai nˤ">kʼainˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="ɡʷ i sˤ">ɡʷisˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="ɗ i s u ʃ">ɗisuʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɗˤ ai j">ɗˤaij</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="kʼ ai nˤ">kʼainˤ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="ɡʷ i sˤ">ɡʷisˤ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="ɗ i s u ʃ">ɗisuʃ</word>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="ɗ u s u ʃ" underlying="ɗ i s u ʃ">ɗusuʃ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɗˤ ai j">ɗˤaij</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="kʼ ai nˤ">kʼainˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut" ph="ɡʷ i sˤ">ɡʷisˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="f a kʷ">fakʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="ɗ u s u ʃ" underlying="ɗ i s u ʃ">ɗusuʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɗˤaij</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">ɡitaw</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">kʼainˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">fakʷ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">nˤaʂ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">ɡitaw</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.neut">ɡʷisˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">fakʷ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" underlying="ɗ i s u ʃ">ɗusuʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗˤaij</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡitaw</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼainˤ</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fakʷ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡitaw</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷisˤ</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fakʷ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗisuʃ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ɗˤaijaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɳiɽ ɡitaw kʼainˤaŋ fakʷ nˤaʂ ɳiɽ ɡitaw ɡʷisˤaŋ fakʷ ɗusuʃ</p> + <p>д̱ъайјаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ н̇ир̇ ґитав кайнъаӈ факв нъас̇ н̇ир̇ ґитав ґвисъаӈ факв д̱усуш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗˤaij</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳiɽ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡitaw</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼainˤ</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fakʷ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳiɽ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡitaw</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷisˤ</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fakʷ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗisuʃ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Д̱ъайјаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ н̇ир̇ ґитав кайнъаӈ факв нъас̇ н̇ир̇ ґитав ґвисъаӈ факв д̱усуш. [ɗˤaijaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɳiɽ ɡitaw kʼainˤaŋ fakʷ nˤaʂ ɳiɽ ɡitaw ɡʷisˤaŋ fakʷ ɗusuʃ] ɗˤaij say -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc ɳiɽ 1incl ɡitaw brick kʼainˤ make -aŋ active fakʷ imperative nˤaʂ and ɳiɽ 1incl ɡitaw brick ɡʷisˤ burn -aŋ active fakʷ imperative ɗisuʃ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="kʼ ai ʂ">kʼaiʂ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="kʼ ai ʂ">kʼaiʂ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ u ɳ u ɗˤ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="ɡ i t a w">ɡitaw</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="kʼ ai ʂ">kʼaiʂ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ u ɳ u ɗˤ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" gender="neut">ɡitaw</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">kʼaiʂ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">et</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤukʷ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡitaw</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼaiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>nˤukʷaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɡitaw kʼaiʂet t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</p> + <p>нъукваӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ ґитав кайс̇ет чун̇уд̱ъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nˤukʷ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡitaw</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼaiʂ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нъукваӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ ґитав кайс̇ет чун̇уд̱ъ. [nˤukʷaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɡitaw kʼaiʂet t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ] nˤukʷ have -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc ɡitaw brick kʼaiʂ stone -et LOC t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ e ɗ a n">ɡʷeɗan</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="w i ɗ i b">wiɗib</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ e ɗ a n">ɡʷeɗan</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="w i ɗ i b">wiɗib</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ u ɳ u ɗˤ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="nˤ u kʷ">nˤukʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɡʷ e ɗ a n">ɡʷeɗan</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="w i ɗ i b">wiɗib</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="t͡ʃ u ɳ u ɗˤ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">nˤukʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">ɡʷeɗan</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">wiɗib</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">et</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɳ u ɗˤ">t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤukʷ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷeɗan</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiɗib</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>nˤaʂ nˤukʷaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɡʷeɗan wiɗibet t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ</p> + <p>нъас̇ нъукваӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ ґвед̱ан вид̱ибет чун̇уд̱ъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤukʷ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷeɗan</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiɗib</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нъас̇ нъукваӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ ґвед̱ан вид̱ибет чун̇уд̱ъ. [nˤaʂ nˤukʷaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɡʷeɗan wiɗibet t͡ʃuɳuɗˤ] nˤaʂ and nˤukʷ have -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc ɡʷeɗan slime wiɗib mortar -et LOC t͡ʃiɳuɗˤ PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/> </np> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for other/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="t͡ʃ a p a b">t͡ʃapab</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="t͡ʃ a k">t͡ʃak</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɽ a nˤ">ɽanˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="a ɡ">aɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t o dˤ">todˤ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="t͡ʃ a p a b">t͡ʃapab</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="t͡ʃ a k">t͡ʃak</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɽ a nˤ">ɽanˤ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="a ɡ">aɡ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t o dˤ">todˤ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">t͡ʃapab</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">t͡ʃak</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɳiɽ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">ɽanˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">aɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="masc">todˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃapab</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃak</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽanˤ</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aɡ</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">todˤ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʃapabaŋ t͡ʃak ɳiɽ ɽanˤaɡ todˤ</p> + <p>чапабаӈ чак н̇ир̇ р̇анъаґ тодъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃapab</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃak</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳiɽ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽanˤ</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aɡ</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>todˤ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Чапабаӈ чак н̇ир̇ р̇анъаґ тодъ. [t͡ʃapabaŋ t͡ʃak ɳiɽ ɽanˤaɡ todˤ] t͡ʃapab resemble -aŋ active t͡ʃak NEG ɳiɽ 1incl ɽanˤ other -aɡ masc todˤ human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
- <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc"> <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i kʼ e n">fikʼen</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d ai k">daik</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="kʷ au ŋ">kʷauŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i kʼ e n">fikʼen</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d ai k">daik</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="kʷ au ŋ">kʷauŋ</word> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">fikʼen</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">daik</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">kʷauŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">kakʼʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fikʼen</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daik</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kakʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>fikʼenaŋ ɽib daik nˤaʂ kʷauŋ ɽaudˤ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ</p> + <p>фикенаӈ р̇иб дайк нъас̇ кваўӈ р̇аўдъ ґар каквъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>fikʼen</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daik</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷauŋ</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kakʼʷ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Фикенаӈ р̇иб дайк нъас̇ кваўӈ р̇аўдъ ґар каквъ. [fikʼenaŋ ɽib daik nˤaʂ kʷauŋ ɽaudˤ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ] fikʼen shape -aŋ active ɽib PAST daik fight nˤaʂ and kʷauŋ time ɽaudˤ 3.masc ɡaɾ the kakʼʷ language “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> - <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <np locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - </np> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ i ŋ u s">ɖiŋus</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="ɲ a ʂ a kʷ">ɲaʂakʷ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="dˤ a kʼ">dˤakʼ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="b a b">bab</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ i ŋ u s">ɖiŋus</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ u ŋ u s" underlying="ɖ i ŋ u s">ɖuŋus</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="ɲ a ʂ a kʷ">ɲaʂakʷ</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="dˤ a kʼ">dˤakʼ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="b a b">bab</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ u ŋ u s" underlying="ɖ i ŋ u s">ɖuŋus</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɽ au dˤ">ɽaudˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="ɲ a ʂ a kʷ">ɲaʂakʷ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="dˤ a kʼ">dˤakʼ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="b a b">bab</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ɖ i ŋ u s">ɖuŋus</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="masc" gloss="3.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɽaudˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">ɲaʂakʷ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">dˤakʼ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">bab</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖiŋus</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaudˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaʂakʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤakʼ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bab</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span></p> + <p>ɖuŋusaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɲaʂakʷ nˤaʂ dˤakʼ ɡaɾ bab</p> + <p>д̇уӈусаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ њас̇акв нъас̇ дъак ґар баб</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖiŋus</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaudˤ</o> + <g>3.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaʂakʷ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤakʼ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bab</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Д̇уӈусаӈ р̇иб р̇аўдъ њас̇акв нъас̇ дъак ґар баб. [ɖuŋusaŋ ɽib ɽaudˤ ɲaʂakʷ nˤaʂ dˤakʼ ɡaɾ bab] ɖiŋus copy -aŋ active ɽib PAST ɽaudˤ 3.masc ɲaʂakʷ mammal nˤaʂ and dˤakʼ bird ɡaɾ the bab sound “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module NRel:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
+ <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
+ <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="masc"> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="masc"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" role="obj">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="masc">
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="masc"> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɲ a ɳ">ɲaɳ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="dˤ e ɽ u tˤ">dˤeɽutˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="b a ɲ">baɲ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="ɗˤ i ɲ">ɗˤiɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc" ph="ɡ o n">ɡon</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ ai sˤ">ɽaisˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b u p">bup</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɲ a ɳ">ɲaɳ</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="dˤ e ɽ u tˤ">dˤeɽutˤ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="dˤ o ɽ u tˤ" underlying="dˤ e ɽ u tˤ">dˤoɽutˤ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="b a ɲ">baɲ</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="ɗˤ i ɲ">ɗˤiɲ</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc" ph="ɡ o n">ɡon</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ ai sˤ">ɽaisˤ</word>
<thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b u p">bup</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɲ a ɳ">ɲaɳ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="dˤ o ɽ u tˤ" underlying="dˤ e ɽ u tˤ">dˤoɽutˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="m e">me</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="b a ɲ">baɲ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="ɗˤ i ɲ">ɗˤiɲ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc" ph="ɡ o n">ɡon</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ ai sˤ">ɽaisˤ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="b u p">bup</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ɲaɳ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="dˤ e ɽ u tˤ">dˤoɽutˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc">me</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">baɲ,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">ɗˤiɲ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.masc" obj="3.masc">ɡon</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ɳiɽ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after">kakʼʷ,</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ɽaisˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">bup</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">soɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɳ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤeɽutˤ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">me-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baɲ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗˤiɲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡon</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kakʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷat</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaisˤ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bup</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">soɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ɲaɳ dˤoɽutˤaŋ ɽib meɡaɾ baɲ, ɗˤiɲ ɡonaŋ ɳiɽ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ, kʼʷat ɽaisˤisˤ bupot soɲ</p> + <p>њан̇ дъор̇утъаӈ р̇иб меґар бањ, д̱ъињ ґонаӈ н̇ир̇ ґар каквъ, квъат р̇айсъисъ бупот соњ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɲaɳ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤeɽutˤ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>me-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baɲ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗˤiɲ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡon</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳiɽ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kakʼʷ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷat</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaisˤ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bup</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>soɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Њан̇ дъор̇утъаӈ р̇иб меґар бањ, д̱ъињ ґонаӈ н̇ир̇ ґар каквъ, квъат р̇айсъисъ бупот соњ. [ɲaɳ dˤoɽutˤaŋ ɽib meɡaɾ baɲ, ɗˤiɲ ɡonaŋ ɳiɽ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ, kʼʷat ɽaisˤisˤ bupot soɲ] ɲaɳ but dˤeɽutˤ arise -aŋ active ɽib PAST me- masc ɡaɾ the baɲ langname ɗˤiɲ RELPRON ɡon be -aŋ active ɳiɽ 1incl ɡaɾ the kakʼʷ language kʼʷat a ɽaisˤ different -isˤ neut bup manner -et LOC soɲ in_inside “But Bany, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred" number="plur">
+ <np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for gender/defaultval: adj, gender
returning neut
calling defaultval for gender/
defaultval: adj, gender
returning neut
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for single/adj/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred"> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a kʼʷ i ʈ">t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="sˤ e ɖ au kʼʷ">sˤeɖaukʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="t i sˤ">tisˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="m i n u k">minuk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a kʼʷ i ʈ">t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="sˤ e ɖ au kʼʷ">sˤeɖaukʼʷ</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="sˤ o ɖ au kʼʷ" underlying="sˤ e ɖ au kʼʷ">sˤoɖaukʼʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="t i sˤ">tisˤ</word>
<thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="m i n u k">minuk</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e t">et</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="m u n u k" underlying="m i n u k">munuk</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a kʼʷ i ʈ">t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="nˤ o tˤ">nˤotˤ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="nˤ a ʂ">nˤaʂ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="sˤ o ɖ au kʼʷ" underlying="sˤ e ɖ au kʼʷ">sˤoɖaukʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="u sˤ" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="kʼʷ a t">kʼʷat</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="t i sˤ">tisˤ</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="i sˤ">isˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="m u n u k" underlying="m i n u k">munuk</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o t" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="s o ɲ">soɲ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">nˤoɓ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred">nˤotˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred">nˤaʂ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="sˤ e ɖ au kʼʷ">sˤoɖaukʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" underlying="i sˤ">usˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">kʼʷat</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">tisˤ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">isˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" underlying="m i n u k">munuk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" underlying="e t">ot</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">soɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤotˤ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤeɖaukʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷat</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tisˤ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-isˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">minuk</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">soɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʃakʼʷiʈaŋ ɽib nˤoɓ nˤotˤusˤ nˤaʂ sˤoɖaukʼʷusˤ kʼʷat tisˤisˤ munukot soɲ</p> + <p>чаквъит̇аӈ р̇иб нъоб̱ нъотъусъ нъас̇ съод̇аўквъусъ квъат тисъисъ мунукот соњ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤoɓ</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤotˤ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤaʂ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤeɖaukʼʷ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷat</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tisˤ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-isˤ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>minuk</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>soɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Чаквъит̇аӈ р̇иб нъоб̱ нъотъусъ нъас̇ съод̇аўквъусъ квъат тисъисъ мунукот соњ [t͡ʃakʼʷiʈaŋ ɽib nˤoɓ nˤotˤusˤ nˤaʂ sˤoɖaukʼʷusˤ kʼʷat tisˤisˤ munukot soɲ] t͡ʃakʼʷiʈ appear -aŋ active ɽib PAST nˤoɓ 3.neut nˤotˤ whole -isˤ neut nˤaʂ and sˤeɖaukʼʷ perfect -isˤ neut kʼʷat a tisˤ single -isˤ neut minuk breath -et LOC soɲ in_inside “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ i ɗˤ i p">ɓiɗˤip</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="t͡ʃ a k">t͡ʃak</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ i ɗˤ i p">ɓiɗˤip</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="t͡ʃ a k">t͡ʃak</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ɳ i ɽ">ɳiɽ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ a ɾ">ɡaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="k a kʼʷ">kakʼʷ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɓiɗˤip</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">t͡ʃak</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ɳiɽ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">ɡaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">kakʼʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓiɗˤip</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃak</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kakʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>ɓiɗˤipaŋ ɽib t͡ʃak ɳiɽ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ</p> + <p>б̱ид̱ъипаӈ р̇иб чак н̇ир̇ ґар каквъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɓiɗˤip</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃak</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳiɽ</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaɾ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kakʼʷ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Б̱ид̱ъипаӈ р̇иб чак н̇ир̇ ґар каквъ. [ɓiɗˤipaŋ ɽib t͡ʃak ɳiɽ ɡaɾ kakʼʷ] ɓiɗˤip evolve -aŋ active ɽib PAST t͡ʃak NEG ɳiɽ 1incl ɡaɾ the kakʼʷ language “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t e ɲ au f">teɲauf</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t e ɲ au f">teɲauf</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t o ɲ au f" underlying="t e ɲ au f">toɲauf</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t o ɲ au f" underlying="t e ɲ au f">toɲauf</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="a ŋ">aŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɽ i b">ɽib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="nˤ o ɓ">nˤoɓ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t e ɲ au f">toɲauf</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">aŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="neut" gloss="3.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">nˤoɓ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">teɲauf</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-aŋ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">3.neut</span></span></p> + <p>toɲaufaŋ ɽib nˤoɓ</p> + <p>тоњаўфаӈ р̇иб нъоб̱</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>teɲauf</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-aŋ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤoɓ</o> + <g>3.neut</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Тоњаўфаӈ р̇иб нъоб̱. [toɲaufaŋ ɽib nˤoɓ] teɲauf create -aŋ active ɽib PAST nˤoɓ 3.neut “It was created.” | (14) |
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