A Collection of Texts in Chuboki
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">feːˈla</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɡ a" slots="Cir V1">ɡa</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="w au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">wauˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d u ˈ d i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">duˈdi</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k ai" slots="Cir V1">kai</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡoˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d i t i ˈ d ɛ j a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ditiˈdɛja</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡoˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/j/ + /ɡ/ > // + /j/
/f/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /d/ > // + /d/
/d/ + /k/ > // + /d/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /d/ > // + /d/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">feːˈla</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɡ a" slots="Cir V1">ɡa</word>
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="w au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">wauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a">feːˈla</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j a" underlying="ɡ a">ja</word>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="w au ˈ">wauˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d u ˈ d i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">duˈdi</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k ai" slots="Cir V1">kai</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d u ˈ d i">duˈdi</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ai" underlying="k ai">dai</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡoˈ</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ">ɡoˈ</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d i t i ˈ d ɛ j a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ditiˈdɛja</word>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɡoˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d i t i ˈ d ɛ j a">ditiˈdɛja</word>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ">ɡoˈ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a">feːˈla</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j a" underlying="ɡ a">ja</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="w au ˈ">wauˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d u ˈ d i">duˈdi</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ai" underlying="k ai">dai</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ">ɡoˈ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d i t i ˈ d ɛ j a">ditiˈdɛja</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɡ o ˈ">ɡoˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t i">ji</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">feːˈla</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="ɡ a">ja</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">wauˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">duˈdi</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="d"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="k ai">dai</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="obj">ɡoˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ditiˈdɛja</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ɡoˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfeːla</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡa</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈwau</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdudi</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kai</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡauɡi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡo</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diˈtidɛja</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡo</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>jimu mɛ ˈbau ˈfeːla ja ˈwau ˈbau ˈdudi dai ˈmauɡi ˈɡo ˈle diˈtidɛja ˈɡo</p> + <p>jimu mæ bau feela ja wau bau dudi dai maugi gó le ditidæja gó</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfeːla</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡa</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈwau</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdudi</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kai</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡauɡi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡo</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diˈtidɛja</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡo</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jimu mæ bau feela ja wau bau dudi dai maugi gó le ditidæja gó. [jimu mɛ ˈbau ˈfeːla ja ˈwau ˈbau ˈdudi dai ˈmauɡi ˈɡo ˈle diˈtidɛja ˈɡo] j- active ti have -mu PAST mɛ plur s- fem ˈbau the m- NOM ˈfeːla human being j- fem ɡa all ˈwau in_surface f- masc ˈbau the m- NOM ˈdudi earth d- masc kai whole m- NOM ˈɡauɡi language ˈɡo one ˈle and m- NOM diˈtidɛja dialect ˈɡo one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i n i ˈ t i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃiniˈti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j a ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">jaˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ɛ ˈ n a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">dɛˈna</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/f/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /d/ > // + /d/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i n i ˈ t i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃiniˈti</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i n i ˈ t i" underlying="t͡ʃ i n i ˈ t i">jiniˈti</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word>
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j a ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">jaˈ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j a ˈ">jaˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ɛ ˈ n a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">dɛˈna</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ɛ ˈ n a">dɛˈna</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i n i ˈ t i" underlying="t͡ʃ i n i ˈ t i">jiniˈti</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j a ˈ">jaˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d ɛ ˈ n a">dɛˈna</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t͡ʃ i n i ˈ t i">jiniˈti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">kiːˈ</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">jaˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">dɛˈna</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈniti</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈja</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdɛna</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span></p> + <p>jiˈnitimu ˈkiː ˈja ˈbau ˈdɛna</p> + <p>jinitimu kii ja bau dæna</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈniti</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈja</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdɛna</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jinitimu kii ja bau dæna. [jiˈnitimu ˈkiː ˈja ˈbau ˈdɛna] j- active t͡ʃiˈniti journey -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem ˈja from_inside f- masc ˈbau the m- NOM ˈdɛna east “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for wide/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ u" slots="Cir V1">ɡu</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="s o w a ˈ b ɛ f a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">sowaˈbɛfa</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="w o ˈ ɡ u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">woˈɡu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ au ˈ b u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɲauˈbu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /ɡ/ > // + /j//u/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/f/ + /k/ > // + /f/
/m/ + /s/ > // + /m/
/d/ + /w/ > // + /d/
/f/ + /k/ > // + /f/
/m/ + /ɲ/ > // + /m/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ u" slots="Cir V1">ɡu</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j" underlying="ɡ u">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="s o w a ˈ b ɛ f a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">sowaˈbɛfa</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="w o ˈ ɡ u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">woˈɡu</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="f oː ˈ" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m o w a ˈ b ɛ f a" underlying="s o w a ˈ b ɛ f a">mowaˈbɛfa</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d o ˈ ɡ u" underlying="w o ˈ ɡ u">doˈɡu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ au ˈ b u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɲauˈbu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="f oː ˈ" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m au ˈ b u" underlying="ɲ au ˈ b u">mauˈbu</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j" underlying="ɡ u">j</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="f oː ˈ" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m o w a ˈ b ɛ f a" underlying="s o w a ˈ b ɛ f a">mowaˈbɛfa</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d o ˈ ɡ u" underlying="w o ˈ ɡ u">doˈɡu</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="f oː ˈ" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m au ˈ b u" underlying="ɲ au ˈ b u">mauˈbu</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ɡ u">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="s o w a ˈ b ɛ f a">mowaˈbɛfa</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="d"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="w o ˈ ɡ u">doˈɡu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="k oː ˈ">foːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="ɲ au ˈ b u">mauˈbu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡu</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkoː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">soˈwabɛfa</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈwoɡu</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdeː</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkoː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲaubu</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span></p> + <p>ˈle jmu ˈkiː ˈfoː moˈwabɛfa ˈdoɡu ˈdeː ˈfoː ˈmaubu</p> + <p>le jmu kii fóó mówabæfa dógu dee fóó maubu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡu</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkoː</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>soˈwabɛfa</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈwoɡu</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdeː</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkoː</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲaubu</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Le jmu kii fóó mówabæfa dógu dee fóó maubu. [ˈle jmu ˈkiː ˈfoː moˈwabɛfa ˈdoɡu ˈdeː ˈfoː ˈmaubu] ˈle and j- active ɡu find -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem f- masc ˈkoː a m- NOM soˈwabɛfa plain d- masc ˈwoɡu wide ˈdeː in_inside f- masc ˈkoː a m- NOM ˈɲaubu land “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="k ɛ b ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kɛbɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i j u ˈ t͡ʃ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">fijuˈt͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="w e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">weˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /f/ > // + /f//a/ + /m/ > /a/ + /m/
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="k ɛ b ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kɛbɛˈ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="k ɛ b ɛ ˈ">kɛbɛˈ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i j u ˈ t͡ʃ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">fijuˈt͡ʃa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i j u ˈ t͡ʃ a">fijuˈt͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="w e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">weˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="w e ˈ">weˈ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="k ɛ b ɛ ˈ">kɛbɛˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i j u ˈ t͡ʃ a">fijuˈt͡ʃa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="w e ˈ">weˈ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">kɛbɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">fijuˈt͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">kiːˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">weˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kɛˈbɛ</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fiˈjut͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈwe</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>kɛˈbɛ fiˈjut͡ʃamu ˈkiː ˈwe</p> + <p>kæbæ fijuchamu kii we</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kɛˈbɛ</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fiˈjut͡ʃa</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈwe</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kæbæ fijuchamu kii we. [kɛˈbɛ fiˈjut͡ʃamu ˈkiː ˈwe] kɛˈbɛ thus j- active fiˈjut͡ʃa dwell -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem ˈwe there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- <subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ </subs>
+ <subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k ɔ" slots="Cir V1">kɔ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ" slots="Cip V2">lɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e" slots="Cip V2">we</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="w o" slots="Cir V1">wo</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">buboˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ" slots="Cip V2">lɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e" slots="Cip V2">we</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="ɲ au" slots="Cir V1">ɲau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">buboˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ɲ ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">leɲɛˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /k/ > // + /j//ɔ/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/j/ + /w/ > // + /j/
/o/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/j/ + /ɲ/ > // + /j/
/au/ + /k/ > /au/ + /k/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k ɔ" slots="Cir V1">kɔ</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j" underlying="k ɔ">j</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ" slots="Cip V2">lɛ</thingy>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ">lɛ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e" slots="Cip V2">we</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="w o" slots="Cir V1">wo</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e">we</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j" underlying="w o">j</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">buboˈ</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
- <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ" slots="Cip V2">lɛ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ">buboˈ</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ">lɛ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e" slots="Cip V2">we</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="ɲ au" slots="Cir V1">ɲau</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e">we</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j au" underlying="ɲ au">jau</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">buboˈ</word>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ɲ ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">leɲɛˈ</word>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ">buboˈ</word>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ɲ ɛ ˈ">leɲɛˈ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j" underlying="k ɔ">j</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ">lɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e">we</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j" underlying="w o">j</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ">buboˈ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="l ɛ">lɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="w e">we</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j au" underlying="ɲ au">jau</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b u b o ˈ">buboˈ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l e ɲ ɛ ˈ">leɲɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="k ɔ">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiːˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">lɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">we</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" underlying="w o">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">kɛ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">buboˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">leˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">lɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">we</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" underlying="ɲ au">jau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">kɛ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">buboˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">leɲɛˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kɔ</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɛˈjajɔɡa</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lɛ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">we</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wo</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kɛ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">buˈbo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɛˈjajɔɡa</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lɛ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">we</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲau</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kɛ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">buˈbo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">leˈɲɛ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>jmu ˈkiː ˈduː mɛ bɛˈjajɔɡa lɛ we jkɛ buˈbo ˈle ˈduː mɛ bɛˈjajɔɡa lɛ we jaukɛ buˈbo leˈɲɛ</p> + <p>jmu kii duu mæ bæjajoga læ we jkæ bubó le duu mæ bæjajoga læ we jaukæ bubó leñæ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kɔ</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɛˈjajɔɡa</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lɛ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>we</o> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wo</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kɛ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>buˈbo</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɛˈjajɔɡa</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lɛ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>we</o> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲau</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kɛ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>buˈbo</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>leˈɲɛ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jmu kii duu mæ bæjajoga læ we jkæ bubó le duu mæ bæjajoga læ we jaukæ bubó leñæ. [jmu ˈkiː ˈduː mɛ bɛˈjajɔɡa lɛ we jkɛ buˈbo ˈle ˈduː mɛ bɛˈjajɔɡa lɛ we jaukɛ buˈbo leˈɲɛ] j- active kɔ say -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem ˈduː 1incl.plur mɛ plur s- ACC bɛˈjajɔɡa brick lɛ imperative we 1incl.plur.SUBJ j- active wo make -kɛ PRES buˈbo COMP ˈle and ˈduː 1incl.plur mɛ plur s- ACC bɛˈjajɔɡa brick lɛ imperative we 1incl.plur.SUBJ j- active ɲau burn -kɛ PRES buˈbo COMP leˈɲɛ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">nɔjauˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ɛ ˈ n a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃɛˈna</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/m/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /m/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">nɔjauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ">nɔjauˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ɛ ˈ n a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃɛˈna</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m ɛ ˈ n a" underlying="t͡ʃ ɛ ˈ n a">mɛˈna</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b ɛ j a ˈ j ɔ ɡ a">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ">nɔjauˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m ɛ ˈ n a" underlying="t͡ʃ ɛ ˈ n a">mɛˈna</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" underlying="t i">ji</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">bɛjaˈjɔɡa</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">nɔjauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="t͡ʃ ɛ ˈ n a">mɛˈna</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɛˈjajɔɡa</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nɔˈjau</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɛna</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span></p> + <p>jimu ˈkiː bɛˈjajɔɡa nɔˈjau ˈmɛna</p> + <p>jimu kii bæjajoga nojau mæna</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɛˈjajɔɡa</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nɔˈjau</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃɛna</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jimu kii bæjajoga nojau mæna. [jimu ˈkiː bɛˈjajɔɡa nɔˈjau ˈmɛna] j- active ti have -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem m- NOM bɛˈjajɔɡa brick nɔˈjau PURP m- NOM ˈt͡ʃɛna stone “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ɲimaːˈdabɛ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">nɔjauˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="s i b ɔ ˈ t i b i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">sibɔˈtibi</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/m/ + /ɲ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /s/ > // + /m/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t i" slots="Cir V1">ti</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ɲimaːˈdabɛ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">nɔjauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ" underlying="ɲ i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ">mimaːˈdabɛ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ">nɔjauˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="s i b ɔ ˈ t i b i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">sibɔˈtibi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m i b ɔ ˈ t i b i" underlying="s i b ɔ ˈ t i b i">mibɔˈtibi</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j i" underlying="t i">ji</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ" underlying="ɲ i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ">mimaːˈdabɛ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="n ɔ j au ˈ">nɔjauˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m i b ɔ ˈ t i b i" underlying="s i b ɔ ˈ t i b i">mibɔˈtibi</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" underlying="t i">ji</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="ɲ i m aː ˈ d a b ɛ">mimaːˈdabɛ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">nɔjauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="s i b ɔ ˈ t i b i">mibɔˈtibi</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiˈmaːdabɛ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nɔˈjau</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siˈbɔtibi</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span></p> + <p>ˈle jimu ˈkiː miˈmaːdabɛ nɔˈjau miˈbɔtibi</p> + <p>le jimu kii mimaadabæ nojau mibotibi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiˈmaːdabɛ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nɔˈjau</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siˈbɔtibi</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Le jimu kii mimaadabæ nojau mibotibi. [ˈle jimu ˈkiː miˈmaːdabɛ nɔˈjau miˈbɔtibi] ˈle and j- active ti have -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem m- NOM ɲiˈmaːdabɛ slime nɔˈjau PURP m- NOM siˈbɔtibi mortar “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for other/adj/gender/obligatory
Got fem
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o" slots="Cip V2">lo</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="w ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">wɛɡoːˈba</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">feːˈla</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="s i" slots="Cir V1">si</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /w/ > // + /j//a/ + /k/ > /a/ + /k/
/m/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/j/ + /s/ > // + /j/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o" slots="Cip V2">lo</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="w ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">wɛɡoːˈba</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o">lo</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a" underlying="w ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a">jɛɡoːˈba</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">feːˈla</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="s i" slots="Cir V1">si</word>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a">feːˈla</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j i" underlying="s i">ji</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o">lo</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a" underlying="w ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a">jɛɡoːˈba</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f eː ˈ l a">feːˈla</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j i" underlying="s i">ji</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">lo</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" underlying="w ɛ ɡ oː ˈ b a">jɛɡoːˈba</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">kɛ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">feːˈla</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="s i">ji</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wɛˈɡoːba</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kɛ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfeːla</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span></p> + <p>lo jɛˈɡoːbakɛ ˈduː mɛ ˈfeːla ji</p> + <p>ló jægóóbakæ duu mæ feela ji</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>lo</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wɛˈɡoːba</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kɛ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfeːla</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ló jægóóbakæ duu mæ feela ji. [lo jɛˈɡoːbakɛ ˈduː mɛ ˈfeːla ji] lo NEG j- active wɛˈɡoːba resemble -kɛ PRES ˈduː 1incl.plur mɛ plur m- NOM ˈfeːla human being j- fem si other “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d ɔ d au ˈ s o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dɔdauˈso</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɲ a ˈ f ɔ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɲaˈfɔ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ i ˈ ɲ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡiˈɲi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /d/ > // + /d//o/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /ɲ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d ɔ d au ˈ s o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dɔdauˈso</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d ɔ d au ˈ s" underlying="d ɔ d au ˈ s o">dɔdauˈs</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɲ a ˈ f ɔ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɲaˈfɔ</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m a ˈ f ɔ" underlying="ɲ a ˈ f ɔ">maˈfɔ</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ i ˈ ɲ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡiˈɲi</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m i ˈ ɲ i" underlying="ɡ i ˈ ɲ i">miˈɲi</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d ɔ d au ˈ s" underlying="d ɔ d au ˈ s o">dɔdauˈs</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m a ˈ f ɔ" underlying="ɲ a ˈ f ɔ">maˈfɔ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m i ˈ ɲ i" underlying="ɡ i ˈ ɲ i">miˈɲi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="d ɔ d au ˈ s o">dɔdauˈs</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="ɲ a ˈ f ɔ">maˈfɔ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="ɡ i ˈ ɲ i">miˈɲi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">kiːˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dɔˈdauso</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲafɔ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡiɲi</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡauɡi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span></p> + <p>dɔˈdausmu ˈmafɔ ˈle ˈmiɲi mɛ ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈkiː</p> + <p>dodausmu mafo le miñi mæ bau maugi kii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dɔˈdauso</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲafɔ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡiɲi</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡauɡi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dodausmu mafo le miñi mæ bau maugi kii. [dɔˈdausmu ˈmafɔ ˈle ˈmiɲi mɛ ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈkiː] j- active dɔˈdauso shape -mu PAST m- NOM ˈɲafɔ fight ˈle and m- NOM ˈɡiɲi time mɛ plur s- fem ˈbau the m- NOM ˈɡauɡi language ˈkiː 3.plur.fem “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur"> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">taɡɔiˈɲɛ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ u ˈ d a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡuˈda</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="ɲ e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ɲebuːˈɡofo</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k au ˈ n i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">kauˈni</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t/ > // + /j//ɛ/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/f/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /ɲ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /k/ > // + /k/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">taɡɔiˈɲɛ</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ" underlying="t a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ ɛ">jaɡɔiˈɲ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kiːˈ</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip">f</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="ɡ u ˈ d a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡuˈda</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="ɲ e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">ɲebuːˈɡofo</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word>
- <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ" slots="Cip V2">mɛ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k au ˈ n i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">kauˈni</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="m u ˈ d a" underlying="ɡ u ˈ d a">muˈda</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="m e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o" underlying="ɲ e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o">mebuːˈɡofo</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k au ˈ n i">kauˈni</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ" underlying="t a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ ɛ">jaɡɔiˈɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="k iː ˈ">kiːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="m u ˈ d a" underlying="ɡ u ˈ d a">muˈda</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="m e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o" underlying="ɲ e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o">mebuːˈɡofo</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="m ɛ">mɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k au ˈ n i">kauˈni</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t a ɡ ɔi ˈ ɲ ɛ">jaɡɔiˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">kiːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="f"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" underlying="ɡ u ˈ d a">muˈda</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" underlying="ɲ e b uː ˈ ɡ o f o">mebuːˈɡofo</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">mɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">kauˈni</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taˈɡɔiɲɛ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡuda</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲeˈbuːɡofo</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɛ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkauni</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span></p> + <p>jaˈɡɔiɲmu ˈkiː mɛ ˈbau ˈmuda mɛ mɛ meˈbuːɡofo ˈle mɛ ˈkauni</p> + <p>jagɔiñmu kii mæ bau muda mæ mæ mebuugófó le mæ kauni</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taˈɡɔiɲɛ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkiː</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡuda</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲeˈbuːɡofo</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɛ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkauni</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jagɔiñmu kii mæ bau muda mæ mæ mebuugófó le mæ kauni. [jaˈɡɔiɲmu ˈkiː mɛ ˈbau ˈmuda mɛ mɛ meˈbuːɡofo ˈle mɛ ˈkauni] j- active taˈɡɔiɲɛ copy -mu PAST ˈkiː 3.plur.fem mɛ plur f- masc ˈbau the m- NOM ˈɡuda sound mɛ plur mɛ plur m- NOM ɲeˈbuːɡofo mammal ˈle and mɛ plur m- NOM ˈkauni bird “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module NRel:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/gender/obligatory
Got fem
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after"/> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">jeˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a f aː ˈ ɲ ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dafaːˈɲɛ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ u ˈ b o k i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">t͡ʃuˈboki</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem" ph="k ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="m a" slots="Cip V2">ma</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="k uː" slots="Cir V1">kuː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f u ˈ b ɛ f o" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">fuˈbɛfo</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ aː ˈ s ɔ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃaːˈsɔ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /d/ > // + /d//ɛ/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /m/
/j/ + /k/ > // + /j/
/uː/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
/s/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/m/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/j/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /j/
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">jeˈ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j e ˈ">jeˈ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a f aː ˈ ɲ ɛ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dafaːˈɲɛ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a f aː ˈ ɲ" underlying="d a f aː ˈ ɲ ɛ">dafaːˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ u ˈ b o k i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">t͡ʃuˈboki</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem" ph="k ɛ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">kɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="m u ˈ b o k i" underlying="t͡ʃ u ˈ b o k i">muˈboki</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem" ph="k ɛ ˈ">kɛˈ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="m a" slots="Cip V2">ma</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="k uː" slots="Cir V1">kuː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ" slots="Cms V2">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="m a">ma</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j" underlying="k uː">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f u ˈ b ɛ f o" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">fuˈbɛfo</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ aː ˈ s ɔ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃaːˈsɔ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f u ˈ b ɛ f o">fuˈbɛfo</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j aː ˈ s ɔ" underlying="t͡ʃ aː ˈ s ɔ">jaːˈsɔ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j e ˈ">jeˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a f aː ˈ ɲ" underlying="d a f aː ˈ ɲ ɛ">dafaːˈɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" ph="m u ˈ b o k i" underlying="t͡ʃ u ˈ b o k i">muˈboki</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem" ph="k ɛ ˈ">kɛˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="m a">ma</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="j" underlying="k uː">j</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="k ɛ">kɛ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ">koːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f u ˈ b ɛ f o">fuˈbɛfo</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j aː ˈ s ɔ" underlying="t͡ʃ aː ˈ s ɔ">jaːˈsɔ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">jeˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="d a f aː ˈ ɲ ɛ">dafaːˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="fem" underlying="t͡ʃ u ˈ b o k i">muˈboki,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="fem">kɛˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">ma</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem" underlying="k uː">j</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">kɛ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" comma="after">duːˈ,</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">fuˈbɛfo</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="t͡ʃ aː ˈ s ɔ">jaːˈsɔ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈje</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daˈfaːɲɛ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃuboki</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkɛ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kɛ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡauɡi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdeː</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkoː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfubɛfo</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃaːsɔ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span></p> + <p>ˈje daˈfaːɲmu ˈbau ˈmuboki, ˈkɛ ma jkɛ ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈduː, ˈdeː ˈkoː ˈfubɛfo ˈjaːsɔ</p> + <p>je dafaañmu bau mubóki, kæ ma jkæ bau maugi duu, dee kóó fubæfó jaaso</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈje</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daˈfaːɲɛ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃuboki</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkɛ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kɛ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡauɡi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdeː</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkoː</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfubɛfo</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃaːsɔ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Je dafaañmu bau mubóki, kæ ma jkæ bau maugi duu, dee kóó fubæfó jaaso. [ˈje daˈfaːɲmu ˈbau ˈmuboki, ˈkɛ ma jkɛ ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈduː, ˈdeː ˈkoː ˈfubɛfo ˈjaːsɔ] ˈje but j- active daˈfaːɲɛ arise -mu PAST s- fem ˈbau the m- NOM ˈt͡ʃuboki langname ˈkɛ RELPRON ma 3.sing.fem.SUBJ j- active kuː be -kɛ PRES s- fem ˈbau the m- NOM ˈɡauɡi language ˈduː 1incl.plur ˈdeː in_inside s- fem ˈkoː a m- NOM ˈfubɛfo manner j- fem ˈt͡ʃaːsɔ different “But Chuboki, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for gender/defaultval: adj, gender
returning masc
calling defaultval for gender/
defaultval: adj, gender
returning masc
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for single/adj/gender/obligatory
Got fem
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃabiˈt͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t ɔ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="k ai" slots="Cir V1">kai</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="s o n u ˈ l i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">sonuˈli</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m a n a ˈ m u s i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">manaˈmusi</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d e ˈ m o" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">deˈmo</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/d/ + /k/ > // + /d/
/d/ + /s/ > // + /d/
/s/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/m/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/j/ + /d/ > // + /d/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">t͡ʃabiˈt͡ʃi</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i" underlying="t͡ʃ a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i">jabiˈt͡ʃi</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t ɔ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tɔˈ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t ɔ ˈ">tɔˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="k ai" slots="Cir V1">kai</word>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="l e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">leˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d ai" underlying="k ai">dai</word>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="d" slots="Cip">d</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="s o n u ˈ l i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">sonuˈli</word>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d o n u ˈ l i" underlying="s o n u ˈ l i">donuˈli</word>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">koːˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m a n a ˈ m u s i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2 Cmr V2">manaˈmusi</word>
- <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d e ˈ m o" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">deˈmo</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ">koːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m a n a ˈ m u s i">manaˈmusi</word>
+ <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d e ˈ m o">deˈmo</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i" underlying="t͡ʃ a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i">jabiˈt͡ʃi</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="t ɔ ˈ">tɔˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d ai" underlying="k ai">dai</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="l e ˈ">leˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d o n u ˈ l i" underlying="s o n u ˈ l i">donuˈli</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d eː ˈ">deːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k oː ˈ">koːˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="m a n a ˈ m u s i">manaˈmusi</word> - <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d e ˈ m o">deˈmo</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t͡ʃ a b i ˈ t͡ʃ i">jabiˈt͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">tɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="d"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="k ai">dai</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">leˈ</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="masc" underlying="d"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="s o n u ˈ l i">donuˈli</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">deːˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">koːˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">manaˈmusi</word> + <thingy type="adjgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">deˈmo</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaˈbit͡ʃi</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɔ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kai</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈle</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d-</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">soˈnuli</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdeː</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkoː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maˈnamusi</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdemo</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span></p> + <p>jaˈbit͡ʃimu ˈtɔ dai ˈle doˈnuli ˈdeː ˈkoː maˈnamusi ˈdemo</p> + <p>jabichimu to dai le dónuli dee kóó manamusi demó</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃaˈbit͡ʃi</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɔ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kai</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈle</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d-</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>soˈnuli</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdeː</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkoː</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maˈnamusi</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdemo</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jabichimu to dai le dónuli dee kóó manamusi demó [jaˈbit͡ʃimu ˈtɔ dai ˈle doˈnuli ˈdeː ˈkoː maˈnamusi ˈdemo] j- active t͡ʃaˈbit͡ʃi appear -mu PAST ˈtɔ 3.sing.fem d- masc kai whole ˈle and d- masc soˈnuli perfect ˈdeː in_inside s- fem ˈkoː a m- NOM maˈnamusi breath j- fem ˈdemo single “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o" slots="Cip V2">lo</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i m a ˈ t i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">timaˈti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /t/ > // + /j//i/ + /m/ > /i/ + /m/
/s/ + /b/ > // + /b/
/m/ + /ɡ/ > // + /m/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o" slots="Cip V2">lo</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i m a ˈ t i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">timaˈti</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o">lo</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i m a ˈ t i" underlying="t i m a ˈ t i">jimaˈti</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="s" slots="Cip">s</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="b au ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">bauˈ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m" slots="Cip">m</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡauˈɡi</word>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l o">lo</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j i m a ˈ t i" underlying="t i m a ˈ t i">jimaˈti</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="s"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="b au ˈ">bauˈ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="m"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="m au ˈ ɡ i" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">lo</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t i m a ˈ t i">jimaˈti</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="fem" underlying="s"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM">bauˈ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="m"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="theme" case="NOM" underlying="ɡ au ˈ ɡ i">mauˈɡi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">duːˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiˈmati</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbau</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡauɡi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span></p> + <p>lo jiˈmatimu ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈduː</p> + <p>ló jimatimu bau maugi duu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>lo</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiˈmati</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>s-</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbau</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>m-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡauɡi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ló jimatimu bau maugi duu. [lo jiˈmatimu ˈbau ˈmauɡi ˈduː] lo NEG j- active tiˈmati evolve -mu PAST s- fem ˈbau the m- NOM ˈɡauɡi language ˈduː 1incl.plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a n ɔ ˈ j ɔ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">fanɔˈjɔ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɔ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tɔˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/j/ + /f/ > // + /f//ɔ/ + /m/ > // + /m/
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip">j</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a n ɔ ˈ j ɔ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">fanɔˈjɔ</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u" slots="Cms V2">mu</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a n ɔ ˈ j" underlying="f a n ɔ ˈ j ɔ">fanɔˈj</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɔ ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tɔˈ</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɔ ˈ">tɔˈ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cip V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f a n ɔ ˈ j" underlying="f a n ɔ ˈ j ɔ">fanɔˈj</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="m u">mu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t ɔ ˈ">tɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="j"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="f a n ɔ ˈ j ɔ">fanɔˈj</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">mu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">tɔˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faˈnɔjɔ</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɔ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p> + <p>faˈnɔjmu ˈtɔ</p> + <p>fanojmu to</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faˈnɔjɔ</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɔ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Fanojmu to. [faˈnɔjmu ˈtɔ] j- active faˈnɔjɔ create -mu PAST ˈtɔ 3.sing.fem “It was created.” | (14) |
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