A Collection of Texts in Naget
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j æː f" slots="Cir Cfr">jæːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷeːz</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡʷ æ j" slots="Cir Cfr">ɡʷæj</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="m iː r" slots="Cir Cfr">miːr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ æː s" slots="Cmr Cfr">t͡ʃæːs</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w" slots="Cir Cfr">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w" slots="Cir Cfr">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="s+k ɑ t͡ʃ o q" slots="Cmr Cfr">skɑt͡ʃoq</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /qʷ/ > // + /s+qʷ//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d/
/kʷ/ + /qʷ/ > // + /qʷ/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /d͡ʒ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /s+k/ > // + /k/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j æː f" slots="Cir Cfr">jæːf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷeːz</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡʷ æ j" slots="Cir Cfr">ɡʷæj</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="m iː r" slots="Cir Cfr">miːr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ æː s" slots="Cmr Cfr">t͡ʃæːs</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w" slots="Cir Cfr">ŋew</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w" slots="Cir Cfr">ŋew</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="s+k ɑ t͡ʃ o q" slots="Cmr Cfr">skɑt͡ʃoq</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j æː f">jæːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z">qʷeːz</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡʷ æ j">ɡʷæj</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="m iː r">miːr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ æː s">t͡ʃæːs</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="k ɑ t͡ʃ o q" underlying="s+k ɑ t͡ʃ o q">kɑt͡ʃoq</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j æː f">jæːf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z">qʷeːz</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡʷ æ j">ɡʷæj</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="m iː r">miːr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ æː s">t͡ʃæːs</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w">ŋew</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ e w">ŋew</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="k ɑ t͡ʃ o q" underlying="s+k ɑ t͡ʃ o q">kɑt͡ʃoq</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">jæːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">qʷeːz</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɡʷæj</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">miːr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">t͡ʃæːs</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ŋew</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" underlying="s+k ɑ t͡ʃ o q">kɑt͡ʃoq</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæːf</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷeːz</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷæj</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːr</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃæːs</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋew</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒḛq</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋew</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">skɑt͡ʃoq</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>nosqʷit͡ʃif niq jæːf dḛqʷeːz ɡʷæj miːr dæ̰t͡ʃæːs ŋew dæ̰t͡ʃḛq d͡ʒiw ŋew dæ̰kɑt͡ʃoq</p> + <p>носԟвичиф ниԟ јәәф де’ԟвеез гвәј миир дә’чәәс ӈев дә’че’ԟ џив ӈев дә’качоԟ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæːf</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷeːz</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷæj</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miːr</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃæːs</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋew</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒḛq</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋew</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>skɑt͡ʃoq</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Носԟвичиф ниԟ јәәф де’ԟвеез гвәј миир дә’чәәс ӈев дә’че’ԟ џив ӈев дә’качоԟ. [nosqʷit͡ʃif niq jæːf dḛqʷeːz ɡʷæj miːr dæ̰t͡ʃæːs ŋew dæ̰t͡ʃḛq d͡ʒiw ŋew dæ̰kɑt͡ʃoq] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST qʷi have -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS jæːf all j- NOM d͡zḛkʷ- plur qʷeːz human being ɡʷæj in_surface miːr whole l- LOC tæ̰k- sing t͡ʃæːs earth ŋew one j- NOM tæ̰k- sing d͡ʒḛq language d͡ʒiw and ŋew one j- NOM tæ̰k- sing skɑt͡ʃoq dialect “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k ɑ d͡ʒ u" slots="Cmr V1">kɑd͡ʒu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b ḭ p" slots="Cir Cfr">bḭp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="r ḛ j" slots="Cmr Cfr">rḛj</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /k/ > // + /s+k//u/ + /p/ > /u/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /r/ > // + /t/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k ɑ d͡ʒ u" slots="Cmr V1">kɑd͡ʒu</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b ḭ p" slots="Cir Cfr">bḭp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="r ḛ j" slots="Cmr Cfr">rḛj</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+k ɑ d͡ʒ u" underlying="k ɑ d͡ʒ u">skɑd͡ʒu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b ḭ p">bḭp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t ḛ j" underlying="r ḛ j">tḛj</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+k ɑ d͡ʒ u" underlying="k ɑ d͡ʒ u">skɑd͡ʒu</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b ḭ p">bḭp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t ḛ j" underlying="r ḛ j">tḛj</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="k ɑ d͡ʒ u">skɑd͡ʒu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">bḭp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" underlying="r ḛ j">tḛj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kɑd͡ʒu</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bḭp</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">rḛj</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span></p> + <p>noskɑd͡ʒut͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ bḭp dæ̰tḛj</p> + <p>носкаџучиф ниԟ доџ би’п дә’те’ј</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kɑd͡ʒu</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bḭp</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>rḛj</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Носкаџучиф ниԟ доџ би’п дә’те’ј. [noskɑd͡ʒut͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ bḭp dæ̰tḛj] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST kɑd͡ʒu journey -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur bḭp from_inside l- LOC tæ̰k- sing rḛj east “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ æ" slots="Cmr V1">ɡæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="q æ f" slots="Cir Cfr">qæf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="s i n u ŋ" slots="Cmr Cfr">sinuŋ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="p oː m" slots="Cmr Cfr">poːm</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /ɡ/ > // + /k//æ/ + /p/ > /æ/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /s/ > // + /t͡s/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /p/ > // + /p/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ æ" slots="Cmr V1">ɡæ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="q æ f" slots="Cir Cfr">qæf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="s i n u ŋ" slots="Cmr Cfr">sinuŋ</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="p oː m" slots="Cmr Cfr">poːm</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k æ" underlying="ɡ æ">kæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="q æ f">qæf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡s i n u ŋ" underlying="s i n u ŋ">t͡sinuŋ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="p oː m">poːm</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k æ" underlying="ɡ æ">kæ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="q æ f">qæf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡s i n u ŋ" underlying="s i n u ŋ">t͡sinuŋ</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="p oː m">poːm</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ɡ æ">kæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">qæf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="s i n u ŋ">t͡sinuŋ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">bod͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">poːm</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡæ</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qæf</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sinuŋ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bod͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poːm</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span></p> + <p>d͡ʒiw nokæt͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ qæf dæ̰t͡sinuŋ bod͡ʒ dæ̰poːm</p> + <p>џив нокәчиф ниԟ доџ ԟәф дә’цинуӈ боџ дә’поом</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡæ</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qæf</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sinuŋ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bod͡ʒ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poːm</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Џив нокәчиф ниԟ доџ ԟәф дә’цинуӈ боџ дә’поом. [d͡ʒiw nokæt͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ qæf dæ̰t͡sinuŋ bod͡ʒ dæ̰poːm] d͡ʒiw and nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST ɡæ find -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur qæf wide j- NOM tæ̰k- sing sinuŋ plain bod͡ʒ in_inside l- LOC tæ̰k- sing poːm land “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="w o b ɑ r" slots="Cir Cfr">wobɑr</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʒ o̰ d e" slots="Cmr V1">ʒo̰de</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cir Cfr">t͡ʃoŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /ʒ/ > // + /ʃ//e/ + /p/ > /e/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="w o b ɑ r" slots="Cir Cfr">wobɑr</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʒ o̰ d e" slots="Cmr V1">ʒo̰de</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cir Cfr">t͡ʃoŋ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="w o b ɑ r">wobɑr</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ o̰ d e" underlying="ʒ o̰ d e">ʃo̰de</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃoŋ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="w o b ɑ r">wobɑr</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ o̰ d e" underlying="ʒ o̰ d e">ʃo̰de</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃoŋ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">wobɑr</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ʒ o̰ d e">ʃo̰de</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">t͡ʃoŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wobɑr</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒo̰de</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃoŋ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>wobɑr noʃo̰det͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ t͡ʃoŋ</p> + <p>вобар ношо’дечиф ниԟ доџ чоӈ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>wobɑr</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒo̰de</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃoŋ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Вобар ношо’дечиф ниԟ доџ чоӈ. [wobɑr noʃo̰det͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ t͡ʃoŋ] wobɑr thus nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST ʒo̰de dwell -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur t͡ʃoŋ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatory
Got 1incl.plur.imperative.PRES
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/obj/obligatory
Got 3.plur.fem
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatory
Got 1incl.plur.imperative.PRES
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/obj/obligatory
Got 3.plur.fem
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ u" slots="Cmr V1">ŋu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cip Cir">t͡ʃoŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="d e" slots="Cmr V1">de</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="qʷ" slots="Cms Cms">qʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="d͡ʒ" slots="Cip Cip">d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r" slots="Cir Cfr">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cip Cir">t͡ʃoŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="p eː" slots="Cmr V1">peː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="qʷ" slots="Cms Cms">qʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="d͡ʒ" slots="Cip Cip">d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r" slots="Cir Cfr">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡s u s uː p" slots="Cir Cfr">t͡susuːp</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /ŋ/ > // + /n//u/ + /p/ > /u/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/æː/ + /oː/ > // + /e/
/ŋ/ + /d/ > // + /n/
/e/ + /qʷ/ > /e/ + /qʷ/
/qʷ/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/d͡ʒ/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d͡z/
/kʷ/ + /b/ > // + /p/
/æː/ + /oː/ > // + /e/
/ŋ/ + /p/ > // + /m/
/eː/ + /qʷ/ > /eː/ + /qʷ/
/qʷ/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/d͡ʒ/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d͡z/
/kʷ/ + /b/ > // + /p/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ u" slots="Cmr V1">ŋu</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cip Cir">t͡ʃoŋ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="d e" slots="Cmr V1">de</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="qʷ" slots="Cms Cms">qʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="d͡ʒ" slots="Cip Cip">d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r" slots="Cir Cfr">lit͡ʃær</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o ŋ" slots="Cip Cir">t͡ʃoŋ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="p eː" slots="Cmr V1">peː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="qʷ" slots="Cms Cms">qʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="d͡ʒ" slots="Cip Cip">d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r" slots="Cir Cfr">lit͡ʃær</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡s u s uː p" slots="Cir Cfr">t͡susuːp</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u" underlying="ŋ u">nu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="n e" underlying="d e">ne</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="m eː" underlying="p eː">meː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡s u s uː p">t͡susuːp</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u" underlying="ŋ u">nu</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="n e" underlying="d e">ne</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r">lit͡ʃær</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʃ o" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="m eː" underlying="p eː">meː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="l i t͡ʃ æ r">lit͡ʃær</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡s u s uː p">t͡susuːp</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ŋ u">nu</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" underlying="d e">ne</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.imperative.PRES" underlying="t͡ʃ o ŋ">t͡ʃo</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" underlying="p eː">meː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.fem.OBJ" underlying="qʷ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" underlying="d͡ʒ"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">d͡zḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">lit͡ʃær</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">t͡susuːp</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋu</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃoŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.imperative.<span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">de</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-qʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">boːʒæk</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lit͡ʃær</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃoŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.imperative.<span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">peː</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-qʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">boːʒæk</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lit͡ʃær</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡susuːp</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>nonut͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ jed͡ʒ t͡ʃonet͡ʃif niq d͡zḛpoːʒæk lit͡ʃær d͡ʒiw jed͡ʒ t͡ʃomeːt͡ʃif niq d͡zḛpoːʒæk lit͡ʃær t͡susuːp</p> + <p>нонучиф ниԟ доџ јеџ чонечиф ниԟ ѕе’поожәк личәр џив јеџ чомеечиф ниԟ ѕе’поожәк личәр цусууп</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋu</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃoŋ-</o> + <g>1incl.plur.imperative.PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>de</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-qʷ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒ-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>boːʒæk</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lit͡ʃær</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃoŋ-</o> + <g>1incl.plur.imperative.PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>peː</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-qʷ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒ-</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>boːʒæk</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lit͡ʃær</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡susuːp</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нонучиф ниԟ доџ јеџ чонечиф ниԟ ѕе’поожәк личәр џив јеџ чомеечиф ниԟ ѕе’поожәк личәр цусууп. [nonut͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ jed͡ʒ t͡ʃonet͡ʃif niq d͡zḛpoːʒæk lit͡ʃær d͡ʒiw jed͡ʒ t͡ʃomeːt͡ʃif niq d͡zḛpoːʒæk lit͡ʃær t͡susuːp] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST ŋu say -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur jæː 1incl.plur -oːd͡ʒ plur t͡ʃoŋ- 1incl.plur.imperative.PRES de make -qʷ 3.plur.fem.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS d͡ʒ- ACC d͡zḛkʷ- plur boːʒæk brick lit͡ʃær COMP d͡ʒiw and jæː 1incl.plur -oːd͡ʒ plur t͡ʃoŋ- 1incl.plur.imperative.PRES peː burn -qʷ 3.plur.fem.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS d͡ʒ- ACC d͡zḛkʷ- plur boːʒæk brick lit͡ʃær COMP t͡susuːp thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p" slots="Cir Cfr">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="r u p" slots="Cmr Cfr">rup</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /qʷ/ > // + /s+qʷ//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /b/ > // + /p/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /r/ > // + /t/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b oː ʒ æ k" slots="Cmr Cfr">boːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p" slots="Cir Cfr">wḭskʷoːp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="r u p" slots="Cmr Cfr">rup</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t u p" underlying="r u p">tup</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="p oː ʒ æ k" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p">wḭskʷoːp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t u p" underlying="r u p">tup</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="b oː ʒ æ k">poːʒæk</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" underlying="r u p">tup</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">boːʒæk</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wḭskʷoːp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">rup</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span></p> + <p>nosqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dæ̰poːʒæk wḭskʷoːp dæ̰tup</p> + <p>носԟвичиф ниԟ доџ дә’поожәк ви’сквооп дә’туп</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>boːʒæk</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wḭskʷoːp</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>rup</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Носԟвичиф ниԟ доџ дә’поожәк ви’сквооп дә’туп. [nosqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dæ̰poːʒæk wḭskʷoːp dæ̰tup] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST qʷi have -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur j- NOM tæ̰k- sing boːʒæk brick wḭskʷoːp PURP l- LOC tæ̰k- sing rup stone “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ŋ æ s+p o̰ t͡ʃ" slots="Cmr Cfr">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p" slots="Cir Cfr">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="q æː z ɑ l" slots="Cmr Cfr">qæːzɑl</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /qʷ/ > // + /s+qʷ//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /ŋ/ > // + /ŋ/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /q/ > // + /q/
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ŋ æ s+p o̰ t͡ʃ" slots="Cmr Cfr">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p" slots="Cir Cfr">wḭskʷoːp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="q æː z ɑ l" slots="Cmr Cfr">qæːzɑl</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ŋ æ s+p o̰ t͡ʃ">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="q æː z ɑ l">qæːzɑl</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ i" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ŋ æ s+p o̰ t͡ʃ">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="w ḭ s+kʷ oː p">wḭskʷoːp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="q æː z ɑ l">qæːzɑl</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" underlying="qʷ i">sqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">wḭskʷoːp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">qæːzɑl</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wḭskʷoːp</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qæːzɑl</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span></p> + <p>d͡ʒiw nosqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dæ̰ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ wḭskʷoːp dæ̰qæːzɑl</p> + <p>џив носԟвичиф ниԟ доџ дә’ӈәспо’ч ви’сквооп дә’ԟәәзал</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wḭskʷoːp</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qæːzɑl</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Џив носԟвичиф ниԟ доџ дә’ӈәспо’ч ви’сквооп дә’ԟәәзал. [d͡ʒiw nosqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dæ̰ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ wḭskʷoːp dæ̰qæːzɑl] d͡ʒiw and nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST qʷi have -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur j- NOM tæ̰k- sing ŋæspo̰t͡ʃ slime wḭskʷoːp PURP l- LOC tæ̰k- sing qæːzɑl mortar “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i t͡s" slots="Cip Cir">ʒit͡s</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m i z ɑ" slots="Cmr V1">mizɑ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p" slots="Cis Cfs">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ iː f" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷeːz</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/t͡s/ + /m/ > // + /n//ɑ/ + /p/ > /ɑ/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/æː/ + /oː/ > // + /e/
/j/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d/
/kʷ/ + /qʷ/ > // + /qʷ/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i t͡s" slots="Cip Cir">ʒit͡s</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m i z ɑ" slots="Cmr V1">mizɑ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p" slots="Cis Cfs">t͡ʃip</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ iː f" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiːf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷeːz</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="n i z ɑ" underlying="m i z ɑ">nizɑ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ iː f">d͡ʒiːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z">qʷeːz</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="n i z ɑ" underlying="m i z ɑ">nizɑ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p">t͡ʃip</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ iː f">d͡ʒiːf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="qʷ eː z">qʷeːz</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" underlying="m i z ɑ">nizɑ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">d͡ʒiːf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">qʷeːz</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒit͡s-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mizɑ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃip</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiːf</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷeːz</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>ʒinizɑt͡ʃif t͡ʃip jed͡ʒ d͡ʒiːf dḛqʷeːz</p> + <p>жинизачиф чип јеџ џииф де’ԟвеез</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒit͡s-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mizɑ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃip</o> + <g>active.NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiːf</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷeːz</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Жинизачиф чип јеџ џииф де’ԟвеез. [ʒinizɑt͡ʃif t͡ʃip jed͡ʒ d͡ʒiːf dḛqʷeːz] ʒit͡s- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES mizɑ resemble -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q t͡ʃip active.NEG jæː 1incl.plur -oːd͡ʒ plur d͡ʒiːf other j- NOM d͡zḛkʷ- plur qʷeːz human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ḭ b æ" slots="Cmr V1">sḭbæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡s iː k" slots="Cmr Cfr">t͡siːk</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+k ḛ d͡z" slots="Cmr Cfr">skḛd͡z</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /s/ > // + /s//æ/ + /p/ > /æ/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /t͡s/ > // + /t/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /s+k/ > // + /k/
/j/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d/
/kʷ/ + /d͡ʒ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ḭ b æ" slots="Cmr V1">sḭbæ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡s iː k" slots="Cmr Cfr">t͡siːk</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+k ḛ d͡z" slots="Cmr Cfr">skḛd͡z</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ḭ b æ">sḭbæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t iː k" underlying="t͡s iː k">tiːk</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="k ḛ d͡z" underlying="s+k ḛ d͡z">kḛd͡z</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ḭ b æ">sḭbæ</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t iː k" underlying="t͡s iː k">tiːk</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="k ḛ d͡z" underlying="s+k ḛ d͡z">kḛd͡z</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">sḭbæ</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="t͡s iː k">tiːk</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" underlying="s+k ḛ d͡z">kḛd͡z</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sḭbæ</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡siːk</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">skḛd͡z</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒḛq</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>nosḭbæt͡ʃif niq dæ̰tiːk d͡ʒiw dæ̰kḛd͡z dḛt͡ʃḛq dod͡ʒ</p> + <p>носи’бәчиф ниԟ дә’тиик џив дә’ке’ѕ де’че’ԟ доџ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sḭbæ</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡siːk</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>skḛd͡z</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒḛq</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Носи’бәчиф ниԟ дә’тиик џив дә’ке’ѕ де’че’ԟ доџ. [nosḭbæt͡ʃif niq dæ̰tiːk d͡ʒiw dæ̰kḛd͡z dḛt͡ʃḛq dod͡ʒ] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST sḭbæ shape -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS j- NOM tæ̰k- sing t͡siːk fight d͡ʒiw and j- NOM tæ̰k- sing skḛd͡z time j- NOM d͡zḛkʷ- plur d͡ʒḛq language do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.fem/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b e s+qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">besqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="s e ʒ" slots="Cmr Cfr">seʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip Cip">f</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s+qʷ iː ŋʷ o j" slots="Cmr Cfr">sqʷiːŋʷoj</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip Cip">f</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="qʷ ɑ ŋ" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷɑŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /b/ > // + /f//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/o̰/ + /oː/ > // + /o/
/j/ + /d͡z/ > // + /d/
/kʷ/ + /s/ > // + /t͡s/
/f/ + /d͡z/ > // + /s/
/kʷ/ + /s+qʷ/ > // + /kʷ/
/f/ + /d͡z/ > // + /s/
/kʷ/ + /qʷ/ > // + /qʷ/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b e s+qʷ i" slots="Cmr V1">besqʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o̰" slots="Cir V1">do̰</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="s e ʒ" slots="Cmr Cfr">seʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip Cip">f</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s+qʷ iː ŋʷ o j" slots="Cmr Cfr">sqʷiːŋʷoj</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="f" slots="Cip Cip">f</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d͡z ḛ kʷ" slots="Cip Cir">d͡zḛkʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="qʷ ɑ ŋ" slots="Cmr Cfr">qʷɑŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f e s+qʷ i" underlying="b e s+qʷ i">fesqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="t͡s e ʒ" underlying="s e ʒ">t͡seʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="s ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="kʷ iː ŋʷ o j" underlying="s+qʷ iː ŋʷ o j">kʷiːŋʷoj</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="s ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="qʷ ɑ ŋ">qʷɑŋ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f e s+qʷ i" underlying="b e s+qʷ i">fesqʷi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d" underlying="d o̰">d</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="d ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" ph="t͡s e ʒ" underlying="s e ʒ">t͡seʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="s ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="kʷ iː ŋʷ o j" underlying="s+qʷ iː ŋʷ o j">kʷiːŋʷoj</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="f"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="s ḛ" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="qʷ ɑ ŋ">qʷɑŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="b e s+qʷ i">fesqʷi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" underlying="d o̰">d</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">od͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">dḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" tr="rheme" underlying="s e ʒ">t͡seʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="f"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="s+qʷ iː ŋʷ o j">kʷiːŋʷoj</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">d͡ʒiw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN" underlying="f"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" underlying="d͡z ḛ kʷ">sḛ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">qʷɑŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">besqʷi</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">seʒ</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sqʷiːŋʷoj</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zḛkʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷɑŋ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span></p> + <p>nofesqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dḛt͡seʒ sḛkʷiːŋʷoj d͡ʒiw sḛqʷɑŋ</p> + <p>нофесԟвичиф ниԟ доџ де’цеж се’квииӈвој џив се’ԟваӈ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>besqʷi</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do̰</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>seʒ</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sqʷiːŋʷoj</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zḛkʷ-</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷɑŋ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Нофесԟвичиф ниԟ доџ де’цеж се’квииӈвој џив се’ԟваӈ. [nofesqʷit͡ʃif niq dod͡ʒ dḛt͡seʒ sḛkʷiːŋʷoj d͡ʒiw sḛqʷɑŋ] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST besqʷi copy -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS do̰ 3.plur.fem -oːd͡ʒ plur j- NOM d͡zḛkʷ- plur seʒ sound f- GEN d͡zḛkʷ- plur sqʷiːŋʷoj mammal d͡ʒiw and f- GEN d͡zḛkʷ- plur qʷɑŋ bird “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module NRel:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/obj/obligatory
Got 3.plur.masc
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="k uː q" slots="Cir Cfr">kuːq</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ ɑ b i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷɑbi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ŋʷ eː t" slots="Cmr Cfr">ŋʷeːt</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="d͡z eː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zeː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i t͡s" slots="Cip Cir">ʒit͡s</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ iː" slots="Cmr V1">t͡ʃiː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z" slots="Cms Cms">z</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ æ l" slots="Cir Cfr">ɡæl</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="s+q u r" slots="Cmr Cfr">squr</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /qʷ/ > // + /s+qʷ//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /ŋ/
/eː/ + /e/ > // + /e/
/t͡s/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/iː/ + /z/ > /iː/ + /z/
/z/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /ʒ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /d͡ʒ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/æː/ + /oː/ > // + /e/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /s+q/ > // + /k/
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="k uː q" slots="Cir Cfr">kuːq</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="qʷ ɑ b i" slots="Cmr V1">qʷɑbi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ŋʷ eː t" slots="Cmr Cfr">ŋʷeːt</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="d͡z eː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zeː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i t͡s" slots="Cip Cir">ʒit͡s</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ iː" slots="Cmr V1">t͡ʃiː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z" slots="Cms Cms">z</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ æ l" slots="Cir Cfr">ɡæl</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="s+q u r" slots="Cmr Cfr">squr</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="k uː q">kuːq</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ ɑ b i" underlying="qʷ ɑ b i">sqʷɑbi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ŋ eː t" underlying="ŋʷ eː t">ŋeːt</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z eː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ iː">t͡ʃiː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="z"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ʒ i f" underlying="t͡ʃ i f">ʒif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ æ l">ɡæl</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="k u r" underlying="s+q u r">kur</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="k uː q">kuːq</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s+qʷ ɑ b i" underlying="qʷ ɑ b i">sqʷɑbi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="ŋ eː t" underlying="ŋʷ eː t">ŋeːt</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z eː">d͡z</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʒ i" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ iː">t͡ʃiː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="z"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ʒ i f" underlying="t͡ʃ i f">ʒif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ æ l">ɡæl</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="k u r" underlying="s+q u r">kur</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">kuːq</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="qʷ ɑ b i">sqʷɑbi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" underlying="ŋʷ eː t">ŋeːt,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="masc" underlying="d͡z eː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">et͡s</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES" underlying="ʒ i t͡s">ʒi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">t͡ʃiː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.masc.OBJ" underlying="z"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" underlying="t͡ʃ i f">ʒif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ,</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ɡæl</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" underlying="s+q u r">kur</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuːq</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷɑbi</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷeːt</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zeː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et͡s</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒit͡s-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiː</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-z</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒḛq</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bod͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡæl</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">squr</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span></p> + <p>kuːq nosqʷɑbit͡ʃif niq dæ̰ŋeːt, d͡zet͡s ʒit͡ʃiːʒif niq dæ̰t͡ʃḛq jed͡ʒ, bod͡ʒ ɡæl dæ̰kur</p> + <p>кууԟ носԟвабичиф ниԟ дә’ӈеет, ѕец жичиижиф ниԟ дә’че’ԟ јеџ, боџ гәл дә’кур</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kuːq</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʷɑbi</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷeːt</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zeː</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et͡s</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒit͡s-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiː</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-z</o> + <g>3.plur.masc.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒḛq</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bod͡ʒ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡæl</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>squr</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Кууԟ носԟвабичиф ниԟ дә’ӈеет, ѕец жичиижиф ниԟ дә’че’ԟ јеџ, боџ гәл дә’кур. [kuːq nosqʷɑbit͡ʃif niq dæ̰ŋeːt, d͡zet͡s ʒit͡ʃiːʒif niq dæ̰t͡ʃḛq jed͡ʒ, bod͡ʒ ɡæl dæ̰kur] kuːq but nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST qʷɑbi arise -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS j- NOM tæ̰k- sing ŋʷeːt langname d͡zeː RELPRON -et͡s sing ʒit͡s- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PRES t͡ʃiː be -z 3.plur.masc.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS j- NOM tæ̰k- sing d͡ʒḛq language jæː 1incl.plur -oːd͡ʒ plur bod͡ʒ in_inside ɡæl different l- LOC tæ̰k- sing squr manner “But Naget, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j ɑ w o" slots="Cmr V1">jɑwo</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d͡z ɑː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zɑː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m iː r" slots="Cir Cfr">miːr</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m i s+qʷ i r" slots="Cir Cfr">misqʷir</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʒ ḭ t" slots="Cir Cfr">ʒḭt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʃ eː z e b" slots="Cmr Cfr">ʃeːzeb</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /j/ > // + /s//o/ + /p/ > /o/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/ɑː/ + /e/ > // + /e/
/l/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j ɑ w o" slots="Cmr V1">jɑwo</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d͡z ɑː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zɑː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m iː r" slots="Cir Cfr">miːr</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d͡ʒ i w" slots="Cir Cfr">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m i s+qʷ i r" slots="Cir Cfr">misqʷir</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ" slots="Cir Cfr">bod͡ʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʒ ḭ t" slots="Cir Cfr">ʒḭt</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip Cip">l</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʃ eː z e b" slots="Cmr Cfr">ʃeːzeb</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ɑ w o" underlying="j ɑ w o">sɑwo</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m iː r">miːr</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m i s+qʷ i r">misqʷir</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʒ ḭ t">ʒḭt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ eː z e b" underlying="ʃ eː z e b">t͡ʃeːzeb</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ɑ w o" underlying="j ɑ w o">sɑwo</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m iː r">miːr</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d͡ʒ i w">d͡ʒiw</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="m i s+qʷ i r">misqʷir</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b o d͡ʒ">bod͡ʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʒ ḭ t">ʒḭt</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ eː z e b" underlying="ʃ eː z e b">t͡ʃeːzeb</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="j ɑ w o">sɑwo</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">et͡s</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">miːr</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">d͡ʒiw</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">misqʷir</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">bod͡ʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ʒḭt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" underlying="ʃ eː z e b">t͡ʃeːzeb</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɑwo</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zɑː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et͡s</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːr</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒiw</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">misqʷir</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bod͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒḭt</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">l-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃeːzeb</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span></p> + <p>nosɑwot͡ʃif niq d͡zet͡s miːr d͡ʒiw misqʷir bod͡ʒ ʒḭt dæ̰t͡ʃeːzeb</p> + <p>носавочиф ниԟ ѕец миир џив мисԟвир боџ жи’т дә’чеезеб</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɑwo</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zɑː</o> + <g>3.sing.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et͡s</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miːr</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒiw</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>misqʷir</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bod͡ʒ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒḭt</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>l-</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃeːzeb</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Носавочиф ниԟ ѕец миир џив мисԟвир боџ жи’т дә’чеезеб [nosɑwot͡ʃif niq d͡zet͡s miːr d͡ʒiw misqʷir bod͡ʒ ʒḭt dæ̰t͡ʃeːzeb] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST jɑwo appear -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS d͡zɑː 3.sing.masc -et͡s sing miːr whole d͡ʒiw and misqʷir perfect bod͡ʒ in_inside ʒḭt single l- LOC tæ̰k- sing ʃeːzeb breath “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i ʃ uː" slots="Cmr V1">ʃiʃuː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p" slots="Cis Cfs">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /ʃ/ > // + /ʃ//uː/ + /p/ > /uː/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/j/ + /t/ > // + /d/
/k/ + /d͡ʒ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/æː/ + /oː/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i ʃ uː" slots="Cmr V1">ʃiʃuː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p" slots="Cis Cfs">t͡ʃip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="j" slots="Cip Cip">j</thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="t æ̰ k" slots="Cip Cir">tæ̰k</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="d͡ʒ ḛ q" slots="Cmr Cfr">d͡ʒḛq</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j æː" slots="Cir V1">jæː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="oː d͡ʒ" slots="V1 Cfs">oːd͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i ʃ uː">ʃiʃuː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ i ʃ uː">ʃiʃuː</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG" ph="t͡ʃ i p">t͡ʃip</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="j"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="d æ̰" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ḛ q" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j" underlying="j æː">j</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e d͡ʒ" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃiʃuː</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.NEG">t͡ʃip</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" underlying="j"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="t æ̰ k">dæ̰</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="NOM" underlying="d͡ʒ ḛ q">t͡ʃḛq</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="j æː">j</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="oː d͡ʒ">ed͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiʃuː</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃip</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tæ̰k-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡ʒḛq</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jæː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-oːd͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>noʃiʃuːt͡ʃif t͡ʃip dæ̰t͡ʃḛq jed͡ʒ</p> + <p>ношишуучиф чип дә’че’ԟ јеџ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiʃuː</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃip</o> + <g>active.NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>j-</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tæ̰k-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡ʒḛq</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jæː</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-oːd͡ʒ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ношишуучиф чип дә’че’ԟ јеџ. [noʃiʃuːt͡ʃif t͡ʃip dæ̰t͡ʃḛq jed͡ʒ] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST ʃiʃuː evolve -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q t͡ʃip active.NEG j- NOM tæ̰k- sing d͡ʒḛq language jæː 1incl.plur -oːd͡ʒ plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/subj.mode.ta/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ o w i" slots="Cmr V1">ŋowi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d͡z ɑː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zɑː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/s/ + /ŋ/ > // + /n//i/ + /p/ > /i/ + /p/
/p/ + /t͡ʃ/ > // + /t͡ʃ/
/ɑː/ + /e/ > // + /e/
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o s" slots="Cip Cir">nos</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ o w i" slots="Cmr V1">ŋowi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="p" slots="Cms Cms">p</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f" slots="Cms Cfs">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q" slots="Cis Cfs">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d͡z ɑː" slots="Cir V1">d͡zɑː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s" slots="V1 Cfs">et͡s</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o w i" underlying="ŋ o w i">nowi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" attach="prefix" ph="n o" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o w i" underlying="ŋ o w i">nowi</word> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="" underlying="p"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="t͡ʃ i f">t͡ʃif</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS" ph="n i q">niq</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d͡z" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e t͡s">et͡s</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj.mode.ta" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST" underlying="n o s">no</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ŋ o w i">nowi</word> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" underlying="p"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">t͡ʃif</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="active.POS">niq</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" underlying="d͡z ɑː">d͡z</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">et͡s</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nos-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.indicative.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋowi</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-p</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t͡ʃif</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niq</span><br><span class="gls">active.<span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zɑː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-et͡s</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>nonowit͡ʃif niq d͡zet͡s</p> + <p>ноновичиф ниԟ ѕец</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nos-</o> + <g>3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋowi</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-p</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t͡ʃif</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niq</o> + <g>active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zɑː</o> + <g>3.sing.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-et͡s</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ноновичиф ниԟ ѕец. [nonowit͡ʃif niq d͡zet͡s] nos- 3.sing.masc.indicative.PAST ŋowi create -p none.OBJ -t͡ʃif not.Q niq active.POS d͡zɑː 3.sing.masc -et͡s sing “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the texts 0.04 seconds.