A Grammar of Nyoes

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Nyoes language (the 945th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Nyoes.

Typological Profile

It has a rich system of noun classes.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Nyoes has 21 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a complete absence of affricates, a complete absence of laryngeal consonants and a broad and varied fricative inventory.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Nyoes. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	alveolar	postalveolar	lateral	palatal	velar
stop	p b	d t				k ɡ
nasal	m	n			ɲ
fricative	f v	s z	ʃ ʒ			x ɣ
approximant	w			l	j

Vowels

Nyoes has 14 vowel qualities, representing a highly complex vocalic system. The chart below displays the full set of contrasts employed in the language.

It has a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels, a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables, front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin) and an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Nyoes. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front unrounded	front rounded	central	back
close	i ĩ	y ỹ		u ũ
close-mid	e	ø		o
open-mid	ɛ	œ		ɔ
open			a ã

Stress and Tones

Nyoes has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Nyoes is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/	b /b/	d /d/	e /e/
f /f/	g /ɡ/	i /i/	j /j/
k /k/	l /l/	m /m/	n /n/
o /ɔ/	p /p/	s /s/	t /t/
u /u/	v /v/	w /w/	y /y/
z /z/	æ /ɛ/	ñ /ɲ/	ó /o/
ö /ø/	ğ /ɣ/	œ /œ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

an /ã/	in /ĩ/	kh /x/
sh /ʃ/	un /ũ/	yn /ỹ/
zh /ʒ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Nyoes does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Nyoes has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: fynbœm ‘faeces’, födæw ‘ash’, gotæzh ‘salt’, gónow ‘sand’, khuliz ‘fat’, khöb ‘fire’, log ‘city’, lynkyd ‘louse’, mivij ‘dust’, miñ ‘foot’, mogiw ‘mouse’, myboj ‘wing’, nesózh ‘worm’, pækun ‘money’, söbuk ‘feather’, tikhyns ‘student’, vil ‘water’, ñakhæm ‘smoke’, ñutus ‘slime’, ğödóp ‘seed’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: bœz ‘hand’, das ‘earth’, fakanv ‘fingernail’, fansh ‘tongue’, jusis ‘forest’, katus ‘market’, khansh ‘bone’, khiğ ‘stone’, khyt ‘tooth’, læd ‘head’, móg ‘ear’, nopinn ‘tail’, pyvañ ‘mountain’, pyğól ‘library’, shoñan ‘plain’, shóg ‘nose’, sibyv ‘lake’, sizhif ‘flower’, vip ‘land’, ñufizh ‘horn’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: bybæd ‘snow’, fal ‘mouth’, gözæm ‘brick’, mipezh ‘fog’, pink ‘wind’, pógózh ‘cloud’, sek ‘year’, soğæj ‘tower’, tifæb ‘anus’, vudeñ ‘bark’, vys ‘rain’, væzh ‘night’, wynñ ‘time’, zhazh ‘face’, zunb ‘day’, ñœd ‘house’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: bikhesh ‘medicine’, bóñinsh ‘God’, dolat ‘school’, khœfed ‘farmer’, kud ‘son’, kæmanñ ‘lion’, kæshazh ‘jaguar’, lód ‘cat’, lœñ ‘child’, möğ ‘fish’, nynlyl ‘snake’, pöñ ‘girl’, sanzh ‘human being’, shob ‘boy’, shówóğ ‘wild boar’, viwyt ‘lamb’, zinl ‘wife’, zip ‘father’, zut ‘woman’, ğödysh ‘neighbour’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: fykhosh ‘penis’, fœwew ‘court’, gav ‘sea’, jağœs ‘stick’, khunvyk ‘rope’, khözinz ‘box’, kogop ‘ice’, lush ‘back’, mæfiñ ‘mortar’, mœzhæv ‘breast’, shezhel ‘restaurant’, tœm ‘knife’, vidin ‘vagina’, vömej ‘river’, wamosh ‘bottle’, zhikh ‘blood’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: bóg ‘sound’, dunæzh ‘wheat’, fósig ‘breath’, fœz ‘idea’, gazh ‘egg’, mod ‘fight’, mæs ‘name’, nœwœğ ‘cheese’, pod ‘colour’, pæñunm ‘bosom’, shoñaf ‘religion’, sup ‘leg’, vub ‘meat’, vœg ‘fruit’, wöj ‘manner’, ñol ‘speech’, ñot ‘language’, ñunañ ‘dialect’, ñuzinw ‘apple’, ğubœw ‘embrace’.

Class cl.7 – for instance: bes ‘road’, dætuf ‘belly’, fibaf ‘net’, góshug ‘liver’, jyjæp ‘root’, jöñ ‘heart’, khabab ‘machine’, khezanz ‘grass’, köf ‘sky’, makyñ ‘binoculars’, mo ‘leaf’, pikhœn ‘bank’, shel ‘moon’, wizœp ‘guts’, zulam ‘umbrella’, ñin ‘star’, ñinp ‘sun’.

Class cl.8 – for instance: dym ‘inside’, fizh ‘west’, gy ‘tree’, göj ‘top’, luzyñ ‘knee’, luñ ‘table’, mœg ‘surface’, nuzh ‘bed’, nóñœt ‘neck’, pem ‘chair’, sós ‘east’, tökh ‘south’, zöf ‘north’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Nyoes can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <relp>
+        <vp tam="pres-state">
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+        </vp>
+        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
+      </relp>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="pres-state">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="pres-state">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
          <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-      <relp>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent">
-      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
-      <np role="obj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
-        <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-        <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+        <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        </vp>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
-      <np role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1">
-          <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1"/>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-        </vp>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="z u t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">zut</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="e &#x261;" slots="V1 Cfs">eɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="t &#x153; m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tœm</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="t y" slots="Cir V1">ty</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="b i &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">biʒ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x263; e &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɣeʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /e/ > // + /ɛ/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/y/ + /i#/ > // + /i/
/ʒ/ + /ɣ/ > // + /ɣ/

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="z u t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">zut</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡyʃɛd</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="e &#x261;" slots="V1 Cfs">eɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="t &#x153; m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tœm</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="z u t">zut</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="&#x25B; &#x261;" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="t &#x153; m">tœm</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="t y" slots="Cir V1">ty</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="b i &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">biʒ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x263; e &#x292;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɣeʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="t" underlying="t y">t</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i p" underlying="i# p">ip</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="b i &#x292;">biʒ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x263; e" underlying="&#x263; e &#x292;">ɣe</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="z u t">zut</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d">ɡyʃɛd</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="&#x25B; &#x261;" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="t &#x153; m">tœm</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="t" underlying="t y">t</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i p" underlying="i# p">ip</thingy>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="b i &#x292;">biʒ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x263; e" underlying="&#x263; e &#x292;">ɣe</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">zut</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">tœm</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" underlying="t y">t</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ip</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">biʒ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" id="headnp" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">mɔɡiw,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɡap</word>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.1" comma="after" underlying="&#x263; e &#x292;">ɣe</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">ɣy#n</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡyʃɛd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-eɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tœm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;biʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɣeʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣỹn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam zut ɡyʃɛd nɛɡ tœm kɛmɔv pɔʒ tip biʒ mɔɡiw, ɡap ɣeɣỹn</p>
+  <p>nam zut gyshæd næg tœm kæmov pozh tip bizh mogiw, gap ğeğynn</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zut</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡyʃɛd</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-eɡ</o>
+      <g>cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tœm</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛm</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ty</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>biʒ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɣeʒ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣỹn</o>
+      <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Nam zut gyshæd næg tœm kæmov pozh tip bizh mogiw, gap ğeğynn.

[nam zut ɡyʃɛd nɛɡ tœm kɛmɔv pɔʒ tip biʒ mɔɡiw, ɡap ɣeɣỹn]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 zut
woman ɡyʃɛd
COMIT nã
the -eɡ
cl.5 tœm
knife kɛm
catch -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST ty
yon -ĩp
cl.1 biʒ
three mɔɡiw
mouse ɡap
RELPRON ɣeʒ
blind -ɣỹn
3.cl.1.SUBJ

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Nyoes stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -va /-va/ ‘little’ and -zæ /-zɛ/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Nyoes, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -fos /-fɔs/ ‘NOM’, -növ /-nøv/ ‘ACC’, -shyñ /-ʃyɲ/ ‘GEN’, -jók /-jok/ ‘DAT’, -synsh /-sy#ʃ/ ‘INS’, -kœğ /-kœɣ/ ‘VOC’, -shynz /-ʃy#z/ ‘ALL’, -sab /-sab/ ‘LOC’, -mek /-mek/ ‘ABL’ and -zing /-zi#ɡ/ ‘PART’.

Numerals

The numeral in Nyoes stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Nyoes, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -inp /-i#p/ ‘cl.1’, -œj /-œj/ ‘cl.2’, -uf /-uf/ ‘cl.3’, -anm /-a#m/ ‘cl.4’, -eg /-eɡ/ ‘cl.5’, -if /-if/ ‘cl.6’, -yv /-yv/ ‘cl.7’ and -in /-in/ ‘cl.8’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Nyoes stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Nyoes, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /v/ > // + /v/

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xœl</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲœz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xœl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɲœvɔv xœl</p>
+  <p>ñœvov khœl</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲœz</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xœl</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Ñœvov khœl.

[ɲœvɔv xœl]

ɲœz
love -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ xœl
3.cl.4

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /v/ > // + /v/

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">xœl</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">xœl</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xœl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲœz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xœl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xœl ɲœvɔv xœl</p>
+  <p>khœl ñœvov khœl</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xœl</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲœz</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xœl</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Khœl ñœvov khœl.

[xœl ɲœvɔv xœl]

xœl
3.cl.4 ɲœz
love -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ xœl
3.cl.4

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Nyodoeb hates Zhoekok.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyodoeb" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x254; d &#x153; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲɔdœb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="k y v i &#x261;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">kyviɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhoekok" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; &#xF8; k o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ʒøkok</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/ɡ/ + /v/ > // + /v/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="loveprop" translation="Nyodoeb hates Zhoekok.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyodoeb" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x254; d &#x153; b" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲɔdœb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="k y v i &#x261;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">kyviɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyodoeb" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x254; d &#x153; b">ɲɔdœb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="k y v i" underlying="k y v i &#x261;">kyvi</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhoekok" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; &#xF8; k o k" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ʒøkok</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhoekok" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; &#xF8; k o k">ʒøkok</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Nyodoeb hates Zhoekok.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyodoeb" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x272; &#x254; d &#x153; b">ɲɔdœb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="k y v i" underlying="k y v i &#x261;">kyvi</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhoekok" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; &#xF8; k o k">ʒøkok</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Nyodoeb" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes">ɲɔdœb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="k y v i &#x261;">kyvi</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhoekok" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" propernoun="yes">ʒøkok</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɔdœb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Nyodoeb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kyviɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʒøkok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Zhoekok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam ɲɔdœb kyvivɔv nam ʒøkok</p>
+  <p>nam Ñodœb kyvivov nam Zhökók</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɔdœb</o>
+      <g>Nyodoeb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kyviɡ</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʒøkok</o>
+      <g>Zhoekok</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Nam Ñodœb kyvivov nam Zhökók.

[nam ɲɔdœb kyvivɔv nam ʒøkok]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ɲɔdœb
Nyodoeb kyviɡ
hate -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ʒøkok
Zhoekok

“Nyodoeb hates Zhoekok.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">ʃɔb</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲuzĩw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃɔb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nef ɲuzĩw nam ʃɔb</p>
+  <p>nef ñuzinw nam shob</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲuzĩw</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃɔb</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

nef ñuzinw nam shob

[nef ɲuzĩw nam ʃɔb]

nã
the -if
cl.6 ɲuzĩw
apple nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ʃɔb
boy

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x &#x153; l" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">xœl</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="x &#x153; l">xœl</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gender="cl.4" gloss="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">xœl</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲuzĩw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xœl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nef ɲuzĩw xœl</p>
+  <p>nef ñuzinw khœl</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲuzĩw</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xœl</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

nef ñuzinw khœl

[nef ɲuzĩw xœl]

nã
the -if
cl.6 ɲuzĩw
apple xœl
3.cl.4

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b y j">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b y j">byj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">byj</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲuzĩw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;byj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nef ɲuzĩw byj</p>
+  <p>nef ñuzinw byj</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲuzĩw</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>byj</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

nef ñuzinw byj

[nef ɲuzĩw byj]

nã
the -if
cl.6 ɲuzĩw
apple byj
1excl

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
-          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="t a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="x y x a l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">xyxal</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="k u d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kud</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x263; &#xF8; d y &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɣødyʃ</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/l/ + /v/ > // + /l/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="t a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tas</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="x y x a l" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">xyxal</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="t a s">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="x y x a" underlying="x y x a l">xyxa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">lɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="k u d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kud</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x263; &#xF8; d y &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɣødyʃ</word>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="k u d">kud</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x263; &#xF8; d y &#x283;">ɣødyʃ</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="t a s">tas</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="x y x a" underlying="x y x a l">xyxa</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="l &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">lɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="k u d">kud</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x263; &#xF8; d y &#x283;">ɣødyʃ</word>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m">lem</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="x y x a l">xyxa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">lɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">kud</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">ɣødyʃ</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">lem</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duwɛs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xyxal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɣødyʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam tas nam duwɛs xyxalɔv pɔʒ nam kud nam ɣødyʃ lem</p>
+  <p>nam tas nam duwæs khykhalov pozh nam kud nam ğödysh lem</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tas</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duwɛs</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xyxal</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kud</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɣødyʃ</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lem</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Nam tas nam duwæs khykhalov pozh nam kud nam ğödysh lem.

[nam tas nam duwɛs xyxalɔv pɔʒ nam kud nam ɣødyʃ lem]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 tas
daughter nã
the -ãm
cl.4 duwɛs
hunter xyxal
kiss -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kud
son nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ɣødyʃ
neighbour lem
2

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

Nyoes has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">viwyt</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/o/ + /a#/ > // + /ɔ/

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">viwyt</word>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="&#x254; m" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t">viwyt</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="&#x254; m" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t">viwyt</word>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">viwyt</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;viwyt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>vɔm viwyt</p>
+  <p>vom viwyt</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>vo</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>viwyt</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

vom viwyt

[vɔm viwyt]

vo
a -ãm
cl.4 viwyt
lamb

“a lamb”

(9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">viwyt</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="v a" slots="Cms V2">va</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/o/ + /a#/ > // + /ɔ/
/t/ + /v/ > // + /t/

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="&#x254; m" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y t" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">viwyt</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="v a" slots="Cms V2">va</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y" underlying="v i w y t">viwy</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="t a" underlying="v a">ta</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="&#x254; m" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="v i w y" underlying="v i w y t">viwy</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="t a" underlying="v a">ta</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">ɔm</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="v i w y t">viwy</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" underlying="v a">ta</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;viwyt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-va&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>vɔm viwyta</p>
+  <p>vom viwyta</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>vo</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>viwyt</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-va</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

vom viwyta

[vɔm viwyta]

vo
a -ãm
cl.4 viwyt
lamb -va
little

“a little lamb”

(10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Nyoes are enclitics (placed finally), and there are four types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising pozh /pɔʒ/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising shœkh /ʃœx/ ‘imperative’, nöf /nøf/ ‘conditional’ and fót /fot/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising len /len/ ‘passive’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising jus /jus/ ‘NEG’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing subj, comprising -fynj /-fy#j/ ‘1incl’, -fizh /-fiʒ/ ‘1excl’, -jynj /-jy#j/ ‘2’, -ğynn /-ɣy#n/ ‘3.cl.1’, -wym /-wym/ ‘3.cl.2’, -mœt /-mœt/ ‘3.cl.3’, -vov /-vɔv/ ‘3.cl.4’, -shut /-ʃut/ ‘3.cl.5’, -ğul /-ɣul/ ‘3.cl.6’, -shöp /-ʃøp/ ‘3.cl.7’ and -khóv /-xov/ ‘3.cl.8’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -saw /-saw/ ‘begin’ and -zhağ /-ʒaɣ/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /f/ > // + /f/

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m">lem</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">lem</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲœz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɲœfiʒ lem</p>
+  <p>ñœfizh lem</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲœz</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lem</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Ñœfizh lem.

[ɲœfiʒ lem]

ɲœz
love -fiʒ
1excl.SUBJ lem
2

“I love you.”

(11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.8

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t u m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tum</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="m &#x153; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">mœɡ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8" attach="suffix" ph="i n" slots="V1 Cfs">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="l u &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">luɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t u m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tum</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="m &#x153; &#x261;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">mœɡ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8" attach="suffix" ph="i n" slots="V1 Cfs">in</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="l u &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">luɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t u m">tum</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="m &#x153; &#x261;">mœɡ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8" attach="suffix" ph="e n" underlying="i n">en</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="l u &#x272;">luɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t u m">tum</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="m &#x153; &#x261;">mœɡ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8" attach="suffix" ph="e n" underlying="i n">en</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" ph="l u &#x272;">luɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">tum</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.8">mœɡ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8" underlying="i n">en</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.8">luɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mœɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;luɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tum mœɡ nen luɲ</p>
+  <p>tum mœg nen luñ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tum</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mœɡ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>cl.8</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>luɲ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

tum mœg nen luñ

[tum mœɡ nen luɲ]

tum
in mœɡ
surface nã
the -in
cl.8 luɲ
table

“on the table”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned">
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" gender="cl.8">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n a# t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">na#t</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="d y m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">dym</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="e &#x261;" slots="V1 Cfs">eɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="x &#xF8; z i# z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">xøzi#z</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /e/ > // + /ɛ/

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n a# t" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">na#t</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="d y m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">dym</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="e &#x261;" slots="V1 Cfs">eɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="x &#xF8; z i# z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">xøzi#z</word>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n a# t">na#t</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="d y m">dym</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="&#x25B; &#x261;" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="x &#xF8; z i# z">xøzi#z</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n a# t">na#t</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8" ph="d y m">dym</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="&#x25B; &#x261;" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" ph="x &#xF8; z i# z">xøzi#z</word>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">na#t</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.8">dym</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" underlying="e &#x261;">ɛɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.5">xøzi#z</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nãt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dym&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-eɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xøzĩz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nãt dym nɛɡ xøzĩz</p>
+  <p>nant dym næg khözinz</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nãt</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dym</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-eɡ</o>
+      <g>cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xøzĩz</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

nant dym næg khözinz

[nãt dym nɛɡ xøzĩz]

nãt
to dym
inside nã
the -eɡ
cl.5 xøzĩz
box

“into the box”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɡyʃɛd</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b y j">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x261; y &#x283; &#x25B; d">ɡyʃɛd</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b y j">byj</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡyʃɛd</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number">byj</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡyʃɛd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;byj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡyʃɛd byj</p>
+  <p>gyshæd byj</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡyʃɛd</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>byj</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

gyshæd byj

[ɡyʃɛd byj]

ɡyʃɛd
COMIT byj
1excl

“with me”

(14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Nyoes employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Nyoes.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i# &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">pi#ɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/ɲ/ + /v/ > // + /v/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛʃaʒ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i# &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">pi#ɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i#" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;">kɛʃaʒ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i#" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛʃaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pĩɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duwɛs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam kɛʃaʒ pĩvɔv pɔʒ nam duwɛs</p>
+  <p>nam kæshazh pinvov pozh nam duwæs</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛʃaʒ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pĩɲ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duwɛs</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

Nam kæshazh pinvov pozh nam duwæs.

[nam kɛʃaʒ pĩvɔv pɔʒ nam duwɛs]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kɛʃaʒ
jaguar pĩɲ
kill -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 duwɛs
hunter

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
-          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        </np>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛma#ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="j a" slots="Cir V1">ja</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="t a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/ɣ/ + /v/ > // + /v/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛma#ɲ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;">kɛma#ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="j a" slots="Cir V1">ja</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="t a s" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">tas</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="j a">ja</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="t a s">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;">kɛma#ɲ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" ph="j a">ja</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="t a s">tas</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">kɛma#ɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="ACC">ja</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">tas</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">duwɛs</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛmãɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɔɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duwɛs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam kɛmãɲ nɔvɔv pɔʒ nam ja nam tas nam duwɛs</p>
+  <p>nam kæmanñ novov pozh nam ja nam tas nam duwæs</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛmãɲ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɔɣ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ja</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tas</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duwɛs</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Nam kæmanñ novov pozh nam ja nam tas nam duwæs.

[nam kɛmãɲ nɔvɔv pɔʒ nam ja nam tas nam duwɛs]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kɛmãɲ
lion nɔɣ
eat -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ja
dog nã
the -ãm
cl.4 tas
daughter nã
the -ãm
cl.4 duwɛs
hunter

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Nyoes reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Nyoes expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
-        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      </np>
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.4">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="l i b &#x25B; n" slots="C V C V C">libɛn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="l a# j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">la#j</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="k u d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kud</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="l i b &#x25B; n" slots="C V C V C">libɛn</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="l a# j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">la#j</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="k u d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kud</word>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="l i b &#x25B; n">libɛn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="l a# j">la#j</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="k u d">kud</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m">lem</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="l i b &#x25B; n">libɛn</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="l a# j">la#j</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" ph="k u d">kud</word>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l e m">lem</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">libɛn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">la#j</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.4">kud</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">lem</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;libɛn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lãj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam libɛn nam lãj nam kud lem</p>
+  <p>nam libæn nam lanj nam kud lem</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>libɛn</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lãj</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kud</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lem</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

nam libæn nam lanj nam kud lem

[nam libɛn nam lãj nam kud lem]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 libɛn
book nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lãj
friend nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kud
son lem
2

“your son’s friend’s book”

(17)

Case Marking

Nyoes uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="j u b" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">jub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/b/ + /v/ > // + /b/

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="j u b" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">jub</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="j u" underlying="j u b">ju</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">bɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="j u" underlying="j u b">ju</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="b &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">bɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" underlying="j u b">ju</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">bɔv</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam lod jubɔv</p>
+  <p>nam lód jubov</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jub</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Nam lód jubov.

[nam lod jubɔv]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat jub
sleep -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ

“The cat is sleeping.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x283; e j" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ʃej</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/j/ + /v/ > // + /j/

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x283; e j" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ʃej</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x283; e" underlying="&#x283; e j">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="j &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">jɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="&#x283; e" underlying="&#x283; e j">ʃe</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="j &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">jɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" underlying="&#x283; e j">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">jɔv</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃej&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam lod ʃejɔv</p>
+  <p>nam lód shejov</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃej</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Nam lód shejov.

[nam lod ʃejɔv]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat ʃej
run -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ

“The cat is running.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="v &#x25B; m a &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">vɛmaʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/ʃ/ + /v/ > // + /v/
/a#/ + /i#/ > // + /e/

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="v &#x25B; m a &#x283;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">vɛmaʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="v &#x25B; m a" underlying="v &#x25B; m a &#x283;">vɛma</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="v &#x25B; m a" underlying="v &#x25B; m a &#x283;">vɛma</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" underlying="v &#x25B; m a &#x283;">vɛma</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vɛmaʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam lod vɛmavɔv nep mɔɡiw</p>
+  <p>nam lód væmavov nep mogiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>vɛmaʃ</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Nam lód væmavov nep mogiw.

[nam lod vɛmavɔv nep mɔɡiw]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat vɛmaʃ
chase -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ nã
the -ĩp
cl.1 mɔɡiw
mouse

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/a#/ + /i#/ > // + /e/

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam lod kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw</p>
+  <p>nam lód kæmov pozh nep mogiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛm</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Nam lód kæmov pozh nep mogiw.

[nam lod kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat kɛm
catch -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ĩp
cl.1 mɔɡiw
mouse

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i# &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">pi#ɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="s &#x153; z u n" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">sœzun</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛma#ɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/ɲ/ + /v/ > // + /v/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">duwɛs</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i# &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">pi#ɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i#" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛʃaʒ</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kœj</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="s &#x153; z u n" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">sœzun</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">kœj</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">kɛma#ɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="s &#x153; z u n">sœzun</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;">kɛma#ɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="d u w &#x25B; s">duwɛs</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="p i#" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; &#x283; a &#x292;">kɛʃaʒ</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j">kœj</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="s &#x153; z u n">sœzun</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k &#x153; j">kœj</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="k &#x25B; m a# &#x272;">kɛma#ɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">duwɛs</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="p i# &#x272;">pi#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">kɛʃaʒ</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">sœzun</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kœj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">kɛma#ɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duwɛs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pĩɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛʃaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kœj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sœzun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kœj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛmãɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam duwɛs pĩvɔv pɔʒ nam kɛʃaʒ kœj nam sœzun kœj nam kɛmãɲ</p>
+  <p>nam duwæs pinvov pozh nam kæshazh kœj nam sœzun kœj nam kæmanñ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duwɛs</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pĩɲ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛʃaʒ</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kœj</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sœzun</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kœj</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛmãɲ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Nam duwæs pinvov pozh nam kæshazh kœj nam sœzun kœj nam kæmanñ.

[nam duwɛs pĩvɔv pɔʒ nam kɛʃaʒ kœj nam sœzun kœj nam kɛmãɲ]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 duwɛs
hunter pĩɲ
kill -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kɛʃaʒ
jaguar kœj
and nã
the -ãm
cl.4 sœzun
tiger kœj
and nã
the -ãm
cl.4 kɛmãɲ
lion

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Nyoes provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Nyoes forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.4">lod</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mĩfaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod</p>
+  <p>minfafizh pozh nam lód</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>mĩfaz</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Minfafizh pozh nam lód.

[mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod]

mĩfaz
pat -fiʒ
1excl.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/a#/ + /i#/ > // + /e/

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">lod,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after">mɔɡiw</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mĩfaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw</p>
+  <p>minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>mĩfaz</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛm</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw.

[mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw]

mĩfaz
pat -fiʒ
1excl.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat ɡap
RELPRON kɛm
catch -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ĩp
cl.1 mɔɡiw
mouse

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">nœwœɣ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/a#/ + /i#/ > // + /e/
/ɣ/ + /ɣ/ > // + /ɣ/
/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">nœwœɣ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;">nœwœɣ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;">nœwœɣ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">lod,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">mɔɡiw,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.6" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after">nœwœɣ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mĩfaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɔɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣỹn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nœwœɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw, ɡap nɔɣỹn pɔʒ nef nœwœɣ</p>
+  <p>minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw, gap noğynn pozh nef nœwœğ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>mĩfaz</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛm</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɔɣ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣỹn</o>
+      <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nœwœɣ</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw, gap noğynn pozh nef nœwœğ.

[mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw, ɡap nɔɣỹn pɔʒ nef nœwœɣ]

mĩfaz
pat -fiʒ
1excl.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 lod
cat ɡap
RELPRON kɛm
catch -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ĩp
cl.1 mɔɡiw
mouse ɡap
RELPRON nɔɣ
eat -ɣỹn
3.cl.1.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -if
cl.6 nœwœɣ
cheese

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
-                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/>
+              <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
+                <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.4">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">nœwœɣ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl" ph="x u b" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">xub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /f/ > // + /f/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/a#/ + /i#/ > // + /e/
/ɣ/ + /ɣ/ > // + /ɣ/
/a#/ + /i/ > // + /e/
/b/ + /f/ > // + /b/

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a z" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">mi#faz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B; m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">kɛm</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="i# p" slots="V1 Cfs">i#p</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="n &#x254; &#x263;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">nɔɣ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">nœwœɣ</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x261; a p" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl" ph="x u b" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">xub</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;">nœwœɣ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl" ph="x u" underlying="x u b">xu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="b i &#x292;" underlying="f i &#x292;">biʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="b y j">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="m i# f a" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="f i &#x292;">fiʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" ph="l o d">lod</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" ph="k &#x25B;" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="e p" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="m &#x254; &#x261; i w">mɔɡiw</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="n &#x254;" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="n &#x153; w &#x153; &#x263;">nœwœɣ</word>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x261; a p">ɡap</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl" ph="x u" underlying="x u b">xu</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="b i &#x292;" underlying="f i &#x292;">biʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="b y j">byj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" underlying="m i# f a z">mi#fa</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">fiʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.4">lod,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" underlying="k &#x25B; m">kɛ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" underlying="i# p">ep</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">mɔɡiw,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" underlying="n &#x254; &#x263;">nɔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6">nœwœɣ,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">ɡap</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.6" subj="1excl" underlying="x u b">xu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" underlying="f i &#x292;">biʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">byj</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mĩfaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lod&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kɛm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ĩp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɔɡiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɔɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣỹn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nœwœɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-fiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;byj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw, ɡap nɔɣỹn pɔʒ nef nœwœɣ, ɡap xubiʒ pɔʒ byj</p>
+  <p>minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw, gap noğynn pozh nef nœwœğ, gap khubizh pozh byj</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>mĩfaz</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lod</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kɛm</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ĩp</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɔɡiw</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɔɣ</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣỹn</o>
+      <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nœwœɣ</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡap</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xub</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-fiʒ</o>
+      <g>1excl.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>byj</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Minfafizh pozh nam lód, gap kæmov pozh nep mogiw, gap noğynn pozh nef nœwœğ, gap khubizh pozh byj.

[mĩfafiʒ pɔʒ nam lod, ɡap kɛmɔv pɔʒ nep mɔɡiw, ɡap nɔɣỹn pɔʒ nef nœwœɣ, ɡap xubiʒ pɔʒ byj]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Nyoes forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
+            <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+            <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          </vp>
          <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          </np>
          <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
            <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6" ph="&#x283; u z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ʃuz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">pøɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4" ph="x a l a# d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">xala#d</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; u l" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣul</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; i t &#x25B; n" slots="C V C V C">ɡitɛn</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/z/ + /ɣ/ > // + /z/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/o/ + /i/ > // + /e/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/d/ + /ɣ/ > // + /d/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6" ph="&#x283; u z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ʃuz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6" ph="&#x283; u" underlying="&#x283; u z">ʃu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z y# n" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">pøɲ</word>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="v o" slots="Cir V1">vo</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="i f" slots="V1 Cfs">if</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; u z i# w" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cfr">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4" ph="x a l a# d" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">xala#d</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; u l" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣul</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;">pøɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4" ph="x a l a#" underlying="x a l a# d">xala#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="d u l" underlying="&#x263; u l">dul</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; i t &#x25B; n" slots="C V C V C">ɡitɛn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; i t &#x25B; n">ɡitɛn</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6" ph="&#x283; u" underlying="&#x283; u z">ʃu</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z y# n" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;">pøɲ</word>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="v" underlying="v o">v</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="e f" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; u z i# w">ɲuzi#w</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4" ph="x a l a#" underlying="x a l a# d">xala#</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="d u l" underlying="&#x263; u l">dul</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x261; i t &#x25B; n">ɡitɛn</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.6" underlying="&#x283; u z">ʃu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">pøɲ</word>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" underlying="v o">v</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="i f">ef</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">ɲuzi#w</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="NOM">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.6" indobj="3.cl.4" underlying="x a l a# d">xala#</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.6.SUBJ" underlying="&#x263; u l">dul</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">ɡitɛn</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣỹn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pøɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲuzĩw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃɔb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xalãd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡitɛn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃuzỹn pɔʒ nam pøɲ vef ɲuzĩw nam ʃɔb xalãdul pɔʒ nam ɡitɛn</p>
+  <p>shuzynn pozh nam pöñ vef ñuzinw nam shob khalandul pozh nam gitæn</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuz</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣỹn</o>
+      <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pøɲ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>vo</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-if</o>
+      <g>cl.6</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲuzĩw</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃɔb</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xalãd</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣul</o>
+      <g>3.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡitɛn</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Shuzynn pozh nam pöñ vef ñuzinw nam shob khalandul pozh nam gitæn.

[ʃuzỹn pɔʒ nam pøɲ vef ɲuzĩw nam ʃɔb xalãdul pɔʒ nam ɡitɛn]

ʃuz
give -ɣỹn
3.cl.1.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 pøɲ
girl vo
a -if
cl.6 ɲuzĩw
apple nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ʃɔb
boy xalãd
surprise -ɣul
3.cl.6.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ɡitɛn
teacher

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Nyoes employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adj2verb:

No change.

module articles:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+              <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
-        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+              <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
-        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
-        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
        <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
            <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
            <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          </vp>
          <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
        <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+    <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4"/>
+          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" person="2">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl" ph="b e m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">bem</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">pøɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/m/ + /v/ > // + /m/
/a#/ + /a#/ > // + /a/
/z/ + /ɣ/ > // + /z/

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">ʃɔb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl" ph="b e m" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">bem</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="v &#x254; v" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">vɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl" ph="b e" underlying="b e m">be</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a#" slots="Cir V1">na#</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a# m" slots="V1 Cfs">a#m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">pøɲ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153; z" slots="Cir V1 Cmr">ɲœz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263; y# n" slots="Cmr V2 Cfs">ɣy#n</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;">pøɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z y# n" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">lem</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="b y j" slots="Cir V1 Cfr">byj</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m">lem</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="b y j">byj</word>
  </flat>
</example>

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" ph="&#x283; &#x254; b">ʃɔb</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl" ph="b e" underlying="b e m">be</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="m &#x254; v" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p &#x254; &#x292;">pɔʒ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="n" underlying="n a#">n</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="a m" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" ph="p &#xF8; &#x272;">pøɲ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" ph="&#x272; &#x153;" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="z y# n" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="l e m">lem</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="b y j">byj</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.4">ʃɔb</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.4" obj="1excl" underlying="b e m">be</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" underlying="v &#x254; v">mɔv</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pɔʒ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4" underlying="n a#">n</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="a# m">am</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.4">pøɲ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2" underlying="&#x272; &#x153; z">ɲœ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="&#x263; y# n">zy#n</thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">lem</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.4" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC">byj</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃɔb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-vɔv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.4.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pɔʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ãm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pøɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲœz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣỹn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;byj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nam ʃɔb bemɔv pɔʒ nam pøɲ ɲœzỹn lem byj</p>
+  <p>nam shob bemov pozh nam pöñ ñœzynn lem byj</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃɔb</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bem</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-vɔv</o>
+      <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pɔʒ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nã</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ãm</o>
+      <g>cl.4</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pøɲ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲœz</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣỹn</o>
+      <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lem</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>byj</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Nam shob bemov pozh nam pöñ ñœzynn lem byj.

[nam ʃɔb bemɔv pɔʒ nam pøɲ ɲœzỹn lem byj]

nã
the -ãm
cl.4 ʃɔb
boy bem
tell -vɔv
3.cl.4.SUBJ pɔʒ
PAST nã
the -ãm
cl.4 pøɲ
girl ɲœz
love -ɣỹn
3.cl.1.SUBJ lem
2 byj
1excl

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Nyoes. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 16 July 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/0L0Z5

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-0L0Z5,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Nyoes}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/0L0Z5}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 16 July 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Nyoes / Nyoes–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/0L0Z5

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