A Grammar of Saht
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Saht language (the 1022nd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Saht.
Typological Profile
It has a full set of ejective articulations, proper polysynthesis, not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as the highly uncommon basic word order OVS and a rich system of noun classes.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Saht has an astonishing 136 consonant phonemes, exceeding any consonant system known to the author. The inventory is remarkably extensive.
It has an exceptionally large and contrastive set of fricatives, an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory, a maximally contrastive voicing system, a highly developed aspirated consonant series and an exceptionally dense set of affricate contrasts.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Saht. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | phar. labial | dental | phar. dental | alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | lateral | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | phar. velar | uvular | lab. uvular | phar. uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | pˤ bˤ | d t | dˤ tˤ | c ɟ | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | kˤ ɡˤ | q ɢ | qʷ ɢʷ | qˤ ɢˤ | ʔ | ||||||
| aspirated stop | pʰ | pʰˤ | tʰ | tʰˤ | ʈʰ | kʰ | kʰʷ | kʰˤ | |||||||||||
| breathy stop | bʱ | bʱˤ | dʱ | dʱˤ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | ɡʱʷ | ɡʱˤ | |||||||||||
| ejective stop | tʼ | tˤʼ | cʼ | ʈʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | kˤʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | qˤʼ | |||||||||
| nasal | m | mˤ | n n̥ | nˤ n̥ˤ | ɲ ɲ̥ | ɳ ɳ̥ | ŋ ŋ̥ | ŋʷ ŋ̥ʷ | ŋˤ ŋ̥ˤ | ɴ | ɴʷ | ɴˤ | |||||||
| trill/tap/flap | ɽ | ||||||||||||||||||
| fricative | f | fˤ | ð θ | ðˤ θˤ | s z | sˤ zˤ | ʃ ʒ | ɕ ʑ | ʂ ʐ | x ɣ | xʷ ɣʷ | xˤ ɣˤ | ʁ χ | ʁʷ χʷ | ʁˤ χˤ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ | ||
| approximant | w | wˤ | l | j | |||||||||||||||
| affricate | d͡z t͡s | d͡zˤ t͡sˤ | d͡ʒ t͡ʃ | d͡ʑ t͡ɕ | d͡ʐ t͡ʂ | k͡x | k͡xʷ | k͡xˤ | q͡χ | q͡χʷ | q͡χˤ | ||||||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɓˤ | |||||||||||||||||
| click | ᵏǀ ᵏǀʰ | ᵏǀˤ ᵏǀʰˤ | |||||||||||||||||
| ejective click | ᵏǀʼ | ᵏǀˤʼ | |||||||||||||||||
| click, nasal | ᵑǀ | ᵑǀˤ | |||||||||||||||||
| ejective click, nasal | ᵑǀʼ | ᵑǀˤʼ |
Vowels
Saht has more than 14 vowel qualities. This constitutes an exceptionally rich vowel inventory, with numerous distinct categories represented in the chart.
It has a fully developed system of nasal vowels matching the oral height distinctions, a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a strongly reduced vowel system in unstressed syllables, a regular pattern of underlying ghost nuclei that often delete and a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Saht. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front unrounded | front rounded | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i ĩ | y ỹ | ʉ ʉ̃ | u ũ |
| close-mid | e ẽ | ø ø̃ | ɵ ɵ̃ | o õ |
| mid | ə | |||
| open-mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | œ œ̃ | ɞ ɞ̃ | ɔ ɔ̃ |
| open | ɶ ɶ̃ | a ã |
Stress and Tones
Saht has phonemic stress and 6 lexical tones. Each lexical item carries a tonal specification associated with the first vowel of the root, which determines the overall tonal contour of the word.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/, /o/ becomes /ø/, /ɔ/ becomes /œ/, /ɑ/ becomes /ɶ/.
Writing System
Introduction
Saht is an unwritten language. For that reason, all examples in this grammar are given exclusively in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which offers a precise and widely recognised means of recording its sounds.
Orthography
Sahtis an unwritten language, so it does not make any sense to discuss its orthography.
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Saht distinguishes singular, dual and plural.
Gender
Saht has the following noun classes:
Class cl.1 – for instance: k͡xi꜒ ‘sky’, pʰᵊɣʷa#̰꜖ ‘snake’, ɕtʰˤɔ꜖꜒ ‘eye’, ɲ̥əkʼʷiː̰꜖ ‘stick’, ɳ̥əxɶ̰꜒ ‘river’, ɴɶ꜒ ‘ear’, ʒɛ̰꜖ ‘tongue’, ᵑǀʼɶ#ː̰꜒ ‘nose’, ᵑǀʼˤəʂcʼoː꜖ ‘rope’.
Class cl.2 – for instance: pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒ ‘lion’, sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ ‘lamb’, tʰˤəːχʉ̰꜒ ‘worm’, t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖ ‘jaguar’, zḛ꜖ ‘bird’, ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒ ‘tiger’, ɢø꜒ ‘dog’, ɢʷəfˤa꜒ ‘mammal’, ʂkʷɔi꜒꜖ ‘fish’, ʃqœ̰꜒ ‘cat’, ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ ‘mouse’, ʒɡᵊʑø꜒ ‘louse’, ʔᵊʐoː̰꜒ ‘wild boar’, ᵑǀɔ̰꜖ ‘animal’, ᵑǀˤəʂʔuː꜖꜒ ‘root’.
Class cl.3 – for instance: dˤø꜖ ‘house’, d͡zˤeː̰꜒ ‘chair’, d͡ʑe꜒ ‘earth’, q͡χʷa#꜖ ‘land’, skʰᵊbɶ꜖꜒ ‘brick’, t͡ɕᵊʃpˤɵ̰꜒ ‘tower’, zkaṵ꜖ ‘table’, ʈʼəʐɟʉː꜒꜖ ‘mountain’, ʐəʐbḛ꜖ ‘flower’, ʐʈø#ː̰꜒ ‘moon’, ʑɡɞ꜒ ‘bed’, ᵏǀʰˤəspʰai꜖꜒ ‘forest’.
Class cl.4 – for instance: bʱˤəɴʷo꜒ ‘machine’, kˤᵊʕɶː̰꜖ ‘student’, k͡xʷʉ#꜒ ‘knife’, mᵊfy꜒ ‘restaurant’, spʰˤe#̰꜒ ‘surface’, sˤʈʰɞː꜖ ‘inside’, ŋ̥ˤəʐdˤau꜒ ‘net’, ɓˤəʂkʰe꜖꜒ ‘binoculars’, ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒ ‘box’, ɲ̥o̰꜖ ‘sun’, ʂqʷᵊbˤøː꜖ ‘umbrella’, ʃkʰˤɵː꜒ ‘top’, ʐɢˤɔː꜖ ‘book’, ʑɡəq͡χˤɞ꜒꜖ ‘bottle’, ʑɢəːkʼʷai꜖꜒ ‘mortar’, ʒkʷᵊztø#ː꜒ ‘wheat’, ʒɶ꜒꜖ ‘road’.
Class cl.5 – for instance: ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖ ‘teacher’, ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ ‘hunter’, ɲ̥ᵊɡʷɔ#ː꜖ ‘farmer’, ʔᵊd͡ʒy#ː̰꜒ ‘God’.
Class cl.6 – for instance: dˤᵊʃqˤḭ꜖ ‘library’, fˤᵊmˤe꜒ ‘feather’, q͡χˤœ#ː꜖ ‘man’, q͡χˤɵ#꜖꜒ ‘human being’, zgʱˤy꜒꜖ ‘child’, zkʼʷœ#꜖ ‘people’, ʂkʷo#ː꜒ ‘son’, ʂtʼᵊqʼʷe#̰꜒ ‘seed’, ʃqʼɞ꜖꜒ ‘sea’, ʐdʱˤe#꜒ ‘boy’, ʐdᵊkʰˤi#꜒ ‘lake’, ʒɡœ꜖꜒ ‘father’, ᵏǀʼɵ꜒ ‘star’.
Class cl.7 – for instance: n̥əɴˤa꜒꜖ ‘embrace’, qḭ꜒ ‘language’, qʼʷɔ#̰꜖ ‘city’, sˤtʼœ꜖꜒ ‘fight’, tʰaː꜒꜖ ‘fruit’, t͡ʂᵊθˤo꜒ ‘breath’, zcʼeː꜒꜖ ‘colour’, zɢʷiː̰꜒ ‘idea’, zˤdˤu꜒ ‘manner’, ɲ̥əspʰuː̰꜖ ‘dialect’, ʂtʰɛ#ː꜒꜖ ‘speech’, ʃtʰˤɵ꜖ ‘Saht’, ʐɟɵ꜖ ‘sound’, ʕɔ̰꜖ ‘name’.
Class cl.8 – for instance: d͡ʐək͡xʷɛ꜒ ‘fat’, gʱˤᵊʃce#ː꜖꜒ ‘ice’, həɕkʰʷo꜖ ‘faeces’, skʼʷɶ̰꜖ ‘money’, sˤʔənˤe꜖꜒ ‘salt’, ħətˤɛ#̰꜖ ‘ash’, ɖʱᵊʒø#ː꜒꜖ ‘dust’, ɟəzɢʷʉ꜒꜖ ‘slime’, ɡˤəzˤcʼɵ꜖ ‘sand’, ʒɡʷᵊʑbˤœ꜒ ‘court’, ᵏǀḭ꜖ ‘blood’, ᵏǀəɢʷʉ꜒ ‘smoke’, ᵑǀʼᵊkʷɔ꜖꜒ ‘medicine’.
Class cl.9 – for instance: bᵊq͡χˤɵ#꜖꜒ ‘bark’, dˤa#ː꜒ ‘friend’, stᵊʐʈi꜒꜖ ‘plain’, sˤkʼʷɶ̰꜖ ‘meat’, tʼy#̰꜒ ‘husband’, zˤɔ꜖ ‘egg’, ɡˤətoː̰꜖ ‘neighbour’, ʂkʼɔ#̰꜒ ‘wife’, ʂqʷa꜖ ‘leaf’, ʐpʰˤəʃte#̰꜒ ‘grass’, ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒ ‘cheese’, ᵏǀʰˤəskʰʷa꜒ ‘religion’.
Class cl.10 – for instance: cᵊʑɟɔ꜒ ‘cloud’, d͡zᵊðɔ#꜖꜒ ‘urine’, d͡ʒəʑqˤaː꜒ ‘fog’, stʼe#ː̰꜖ ‘hair’, sˤkʰˤəzˤkʷo̰꜒ ‘snow’, zˤa#꜒꜖ ‘rain’, ɢˤi#ː̰꜖ ‘fire’, ʑɡø̰꜒ ‘water’, ᵏǀʰʉ#ː꜒꜖ ‘wind’.
Class cl.11 – for instance: d͡ʑɵ꜒ ‘tree’, d͡ʒɞ꜖꜒ ‘bone’, gʱɔ꜖꜒ ‘north’, n̥ˤɛ̰꜖ ‘stone’, sˤpᵊqʼɛː꜖ ‘wing’, tʼʉ̰꜒ ‘heart’, t͡ʃu꜖ ‘hand’, wˤɞː꜒ ‘foot’, xḭ꜖ ‘west’, zbˤoː꜒꜖ ‘east’, zˤdəŋˤo꜒꜖ ‘bosom’, ɕkœ̰꜒ ‘mouth’, ɦɞ#ː꜖ ‘tooth’, ʂʈʼɔi꜖꜒ ‘leg’, ʃqʼʷəʃi#꜖꜒ ‘penis’, ʃʈʰɔ#̰꜒ ‘south’, ʑɡəzˤdʱɔ#꜖꜒ ‘school’, ʒkʰəːɕkʰe꜖ ‘breast’, ᵏǀa꜖꜒ ‘head’, ᵏǀᵊθʉ#ː꜖ ‘anus’.
Class cl.12 – for instance: fa#꜖꜒ ‘mother’, sqʼˤəɦɶː̰꜖ ‘horn’, stau꜖ ‘year’, sˤo#ː꜖ ‘day’, tʼˤa꜒꜖ ‘daughter’, ɡʷi#꜒ ‘night’, ɴʷœ꜖ ‘girl’, ʒø̰꜖ ‘time’, ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖ ‘woman’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Saht can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p o# ꜒ wˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">po#꜒wˤ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ œ#ː ꜖ w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʈœ#ː꜖w</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑqʼˤʉ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ aː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="k͡xʷ ʉ# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">k͡xʷʉ#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ɓˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖ɓˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
/z+qʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+qʼˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/꜒꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p o# ꜒ wˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">po#꜒wˤ</word>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ œ#ː ꜖ w" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʈœ#ː꜖w</word>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʑqʼˤʉ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">xʷᵊŋ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p o# ꜒ wˤ">po#꜒wˤ</word>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ œ#ː ꜖ w">ʈœ#ː꜖w</word>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ" underlying="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ ꜒">ʑqʼˤʉ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ aː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ aː" underlying="ᵑǀʼˤ aː ꜒꜖">ᵑǀʼˤaː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="k͡xʷ ʉ# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">k͡xʷʉ#꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ɓˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖ɓˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="k͡xʷ ʉ#" underlying="k͡xʷ ʉ# ꜒">k͡xʷʉ#</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ɓˤ">̰꜖ɓˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p o# ꜒ wˤ">po#꜒wˤ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ œ#ː ꜖ w">ʈœ#ː꜖w</word> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ" underlying="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ ꜒">ʑqʼˤʉ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ᵑǀʼˤ aː" underlying="ᵑǀʼˤ aː ꜒꜖">ᵑǀʼˤaː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="k͡xʷ ʉ#" underlying="k͡xʷ ʉ# ꜒">k͡xʷʉ#</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ɓˤ">̰꜖ɓˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">po#꜒wˤ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">ʈœ#ː꜖w</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+qʼˤ ʉ ꜒">ʑqʼˤʉ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ᵑǀʼˤ aː ꜒꜖">ᵑǀʼˤaː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="k͡xʷ ʉ# ꜒">k͡xʷʉ#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">̰꜖ɓˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">põ꜒wˤ</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈœ̃ː꜖w</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑqʼˤʉ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷᵊŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zqʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷø̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʷʉ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖ɓˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ põ꜒wˤ ʈœ̃ː꜖w ʑqʼˤʉ꜒d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ᵑǀʼˤaː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ k͡xʷʉ̰̃꜖ɓˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ po#꜒wˤ ʈœ#ː꜖w ʑqʼˤʉ꜒d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø#̰꜒t͡sˤ ᵑǀʼˤaː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ k͡xʷʉ#̰꜖ɓˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>põ꜒wˤ</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈœ̃ː꜖w</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑqʼˤʉ꜒</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xʷᵊŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zqʼˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷø̰̃꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁʷ</o> + <g>cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k͡xʷʉ̃꜒</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖ɓˤ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁˤ</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ põ꜒wˤ ʈœ̃ː꜖w ʑqʼˤʉ꜒d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ᵑǀʼˤaː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ k͡xʷʉ̰̃꜖ɓˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ] ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -꜒cʼ NOM põ꜒wˤ blind ʈœ̃ː꜖w three ʑqʼˤʉ꜒ yon -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 xʷᵊŋ 3.plur.cl.2.OBJ zqʼˤ- 3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷø̰̃꜒ catch -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ᵑǀʼˤaː꜒꜖ woman -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁʷ cl.12 k͡xʷʉ̃꜒ knife -̰꜖ɓˤ LOC ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁˤ cl.4 ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ COMIT “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely a proclitic (placed initially), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising ʑᵊz ‘1incl.sing’, zpəɴˤ ‘1excl.sing’, ʃəχˤ ‘2.sing’, ᵑǀəːkʷ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, kʰˤəbʱ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, ðəŋˤ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, ɲ̥ək͡xʷ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, pˤᵊʈ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, stʰəːɢ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ‘3.sing.cl.7’, ʐtʰˤət͡s ‘3.sing.cl.8’, ɖʱəgʱʷ ‘3.sing.cl.9’, n̥ˤᵊkʷ ‘3.sing.cl.10’, ɢəɖ ‘3.sing.cl.11’, qʷᵊʈʼ ‘3.sing.cl.12’, ɢʷəːɢˤ ‘1incl.dual’, ʒkᵊd ‘1excl.dual’, ᵏǀᵊnˤ ‘2.dual’, zkˤəðˤ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, gʱəɖ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, ʑkˤᵊʈʼ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, ɴᵊbˤ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, t͡ɕəkʼˤ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, ɢʷəkʼʷ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, ʕᵊn ‘3.dual.cl.7’, ŋ̥ʷədʱˤ ‘3.dual.cl.8’, ɴˤᵊχ ‘3.dual.cl.9’, kʰʷᵊɡˤ ‘3.dual.cl.10’, qˤᵊðˤ ‘3.dual.cl.11’, ɕᵊŋ ‘3.dual.cl.12’, ʔᵊd͡ʑ ‘1incl.plur’, sʈəɳ ‘1excl.plur’, wˤəːbˤ ‘2.plur’, cəq ‘3.plur.cl.1’, θˤᵊŋˤ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ʂᵊt͡ɕ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, ɡʷət͡ʂ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, fˤᵊɡʷ ‘3.plur.cl.5’, χʷəd͡ʒ ‘3.plur.cl.6’, ɲəd͡zˤ ‘3.plur.cl.7’, ɖəd ‘3.plur.cl.8’, ʒpʰˤᵊf ‘3.plur.cl.9’, ɕᵊkʷ ‘3.plur.cl.10’, ħᵊŋ ‘3.plur.cl.11’ and ɴᵊɴˤ ‘3.plur.cl.12’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Saht.
The Noun
The noun in Saht consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -꜒cʼ ‘NOM’, -̰꜖nˤ ‘ERG’, -̰꜖dʱ ‘ACC’, -꜖꜒ʔ ‘GEN’, -꜖꜒ɡʷ ‘DAT’, -꜒nˤ ‘INS’, -꜒ɣˤ ‘VOC’, -꜖꜒qʼʷ ‘ALL’, -̰꜖ɓˤ ‘LOC’, -꜒꜖ʃ ‘ABL’ and -꜖꜒k͡xˤ ‘PART’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 39 prefixes, namely t͡ʂᵊgʱ- ‘little’, mᵊʂqʷ- ‘big’, ɕəʑgʱ- ‘old’, dʱəɴ- ‘new’, qəgʱ- ‘good’, ʑkʰᵊzkʼˤ- ‘bad’, t͡sˤəːxʷ- ‘make’, sˤqʼʷəzcʼ- ‘help’, məᵑǀˤ- ‘have’, ʒʈʼᵊʃqʼ- ‘use’, zˤɡˤək͡xʷ- ‘see’, fˤəʈʰ- ‘break’, ʒɖʱəːŋ̥- ‘eat’, ᵏǀʼətʼ- ‘drink’, ħəw- ‘wear’, sˤᵊmˤ- ‘own’, ħᵊzpˤ- ‘contain’, zdˤəːkʼˤ- ‘hold’, ʃtʰəᵏǀʰ- ‘lack’, wəqʼˤ- ‘touch’, t͡sˤəːʂpˤ- ‘carry’, ɴˤəɣʷ- ‘find’, sˤqˤəzˤd- ‘hunt’, q͡χˤəqʼʷ- ‘guard’, χᵊʒbˤ- ‘search’, cᵊʂʔ- ‘learn’, sqˤᵊq͡χˤ- ‘teach’, ɕkʰəʒk- ‘follow’, ŋəɢʷ- ‘chase’, nˤᵊtʰˤ- ‘build’, ɢʷəːt͡ʃ- ‘burn’, dˤᵊskʼˤ- ‘hit’, skˤəʒɢʷ- ‘take’, məːʒp- ‘cut’, skʰˤᵊᵏǀʼˤ- ‘hear’, d͡ʒəːʃʔ- ‘know’, ʂʈʰəʑgʱ- ‘love’, ʃqʼˤᵊʂ- ‘protect’ and n̥ᵊsqʼ- ‘possess’
The Adjective
The adjective in Saht stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Saht stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Saht, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -̰꜖ɴʷ ‘cl.1’, -꜖d͡ʒ ‘cl.2’, -꜒tʼ ‘cl.3’, -꜒꜖ʁˤ ‘cl.4’, -̰꜒xʷ ‘cl.5’, -꜖꜒kʼʷ ‘cl.6’, -̰꜖ʒ ‘cl.7’, -̰꜖t͡ɕ ‘cl.8’, -꜖kʷ ‘cl.9’, -꜒ɡ ‘cl.10’, -꜒xʷ ‘cl.11’ and -꜒꜖ʁʷ ‘cl.12’.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Saht has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -꜒꜖q͡χʷ ‘sing’, -꜒꜖k ‘dual’ and -̰꜖qʼˤ ‘plur’.
In Saht, both subject and object pronouns are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/z+ɟ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+ɟ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ʂ+ʈʰ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/ʑ+gʱ/ + /ɴʷ/ > // + /ɴʷ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zɟ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴʷœ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span></p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b</p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zɟ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴʷœ꜖</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b] zɟ- 3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ʂʈʰəʑgʱ- love ɴʷœ꜖ girl -꜖꜒b PRES “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.6/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/z+ɟ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+ɟ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ʂ+ʈʰ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/ʑ+gʱ/ + /ɴʷ/ > // + /ɴʷ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zɟ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴʷœ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ</p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zɟ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴʷœ꜖</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃtˤœ̰꜒</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ] zɟ- 3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ʂʈʰəʑgʱ- love ɴʷœ꜖ girl -꜖꜒b PRES ʃtˤœ̰꜒ 3.sing.cl.6 -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing “He loves her.” | (3) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for girl/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/z+ɟ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+ɟ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ʂ+ʈʰ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/ʑ+gʱ/ + /ɴʷ/ > // + /ɴʷ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ə" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" underlying="ʂ+ʈʰ ə ʑ+gʱ">zˤɖʱə</thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜖b</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zɟ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴʷœ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span></p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b</p> + <p>zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zɟ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂʈʰəʑgʱ-</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴʷœ꜖</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəɴʷœ꜖b] zɟ- 3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ʂʈʰəʑgʱ- love ɴʷœ꜖ girl -꜖꜒b PRES “He loves her.” | (4) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Sachazahgu hates Jazhbe."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Jazhbe" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">bəɓˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+qʼ" slots="Cip">ɕqʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sᵊdʱˤø̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sachazahgu" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖//̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/ɕ+qʼ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /s/ > // + /s/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
<example id="loveprop" translation="Sachazahgu hates Jazhbe.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Jazhbe" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖dʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">bəɓˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+qʼ" slots="Cip">ɕqʼ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sᵊdʱˤø̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Jazhbe" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ" underlying="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ ̰꜖">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ">̰꜖dʱ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ">bəɓˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø" underlying="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø ̰꜖">sᵊdʱˤø</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="Sachazahgu" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="Sachazahgu" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː" underlying="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː ̰꜖">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Sachazahgu hates Jazhbe."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Jazhbe" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ" underlying="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ ̰꜖">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ">bəɓˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø" underlying="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø ̰꜖">sᵊdʱˤø</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Sachazahgu" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" ph="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː" underlying="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː ̰꜖">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Jazhbe" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" underlying="ɟ ᵊ ʑ+bˤ ɛ ̰꜖">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ">bəɓˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.5" underlying="s ᵊ dʱˤ ø ̰꜖">sᵊdʱˤø</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sachazahgu" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes" underlying="sˤ+cʼ əː ʐ+ɡʷ ʉ#ː ̰꜖">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">Jazhbe</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖dʱ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bəɓˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʼ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sᵊdʱˤø̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ̃ː̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">Sachazahgu</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span></p> + <p>ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤsᵊdʱˤø̰꜖b sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ̃ː̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <p>ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤsᵊdʱˤø̰꜖b Sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ#ː̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖</o> + <g>Jazhbe</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖dʱ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bəɓˤ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʼ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sᵊdʱˤø̰꜖</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ̃ː̰꜖</o> + <g>Sachazahgu</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤsᵊdʱˤø̰꜖b sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ̃ː̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ] ɟᵊʑbˤɛ̰꜖ Jazhbe -̰꜖dʱ ACC ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 bəɓˤ 3.sing.cl.5.OBJ ɕqʼ- 3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative sᵊdʱˤø̰꜖ hate -꜖꜒b PRES sˤcʼəːʐɡʷʉ̃ː̰꜖ Sachazahgu -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 “Sachazahgu hates Jazhbe.” | (5) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.11
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʰəːɢ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.11</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒kʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span></p> + <p>stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʐdʱˤẽ꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <p>stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤko#ː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʐdʱˤe#꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>stʰəːɢ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.11</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒kʼʷ</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʐdʱˤẽ꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ] stʰəːɢ 3.sing.cl.6.POSS zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖ apple -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒xʷ cl.11 ʐdʱˤẽ꜒ boy -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖꜒kʼʷ cl.6 “the boy’s apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.11
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.6/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+tˤ œ" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.6" gloss="3.sing.cl.6" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+tˤ œ ̰꜒">ʃtˤœ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʰəːɢ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.11</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃtˤœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ</p> + <p>stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤko#ː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>stʰəːɢ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.11</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃtˤœ̰꜒</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[stʰəːɢ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ ʃtˤœ̰꜒q͡χʷ] stʰəːɢ 3.sing.cl.6.POSS zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖ apple -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒xʷ cl.11 ʃtˤœ̰꜒ 3.sing.cl.6 -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing “his (the boy’s) apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.11
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="z+p ə ɴˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">zpəɴˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="z+p ə ɴˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">zpəɴˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="z+p ə ɴˤ">zpəɴˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS" ph="z+p ə ɴˤ">zpəɴˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ xʷ" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">zpəɴˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.11" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" underlying="꜒ xʷ">̰꜖xʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zpəɴˤ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.11</span></span></p> + <p>zpəɴˤ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ</p> + <p>zpəɴˤ zˤəzˤko#ː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zpəɴˤ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.11</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zpəɴˤ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖xʷ] zpəɴˤ 1excl.sing.POSS zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖ apple -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒xʷ cl.11 “my apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.12"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.12">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.6"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.12"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.9
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂkʷo#ː꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʃəχˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɡˤ ə t oː ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡˤətoː̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="d ᵊ ɣ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dᵊɣ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼˤa꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/z+qʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+qʼˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /dˤ/ > // + /dˤ/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/꜒꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂkʷo#ː꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʃəχˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɡˤ ə t oː ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡˤətoː̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="d ᵊ ɣ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dᵊɣ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">dˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ">ʃəχˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɡˤ ə t oː" underlying="ɡˤ ə t oː ̰꜖">ɡˤətoː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">̰꜖ʔ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="d ᵊ ɣ">dᵊɣ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ" underlying="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ ꜒꜖">dˤᵊʁˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">pˤᵊʈ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼˤa꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ">pˤᵊʈ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="tʼˤ a" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ">ʃəχˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɡˤ ə t oː" underlying="ɡˤ ə t oː ̰꜖">ɡˤətoː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">̰꜖ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" ph="d ᵊ ɣ">dᵊɣ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ" underlying="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ ꜒꜖">dˤᵊʁˤœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="tʼˤ a" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">ʃəχˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" underlying="ɡˤ ə t oː ̰꜖">ɡˤətoː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">̰꜖ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="2.sing" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">dᵊɣ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="dˤ ᵊ ʁˤ œ ꜒꜖">dˤᵊʁˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" case="ERG" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəgʱʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.9.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂkʷõː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒kʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃəχˤ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡˤətoː̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖kʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.9</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dᵊɣ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zqʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pˤᵊʈ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˤa꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span></p> + <p>ɖʱəgʱʷ ʂkʷõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ ʃəχˤ ɡˤətoː̰꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ dᵊɣ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤdˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖t͡sˤ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <p>ɖʱəgʱʷ ʂkʷo#ː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ ʃəχˤ ɡˤətoː̰꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ dᵊɣ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤdˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖t͡sˤ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəgʱʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.9.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂkʷõː꜒</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒kʼʷ</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃəχˤ</o> + <g>2.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡˤətoː̰꜖</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖kʷ</o> + <g>cl.9</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dᵊɣ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zqʼˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pˤᵊʈ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼˤa꜒꜖</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁʷ</o> + <g>cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɖʱəgʱʷ ʂkʷõː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ ʃəχˤ ɡˤətoː̰꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ dᵊɣ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤdˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖t͡sˤ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ] ɖʱəgʱʷ 3.sing.cl.9.POSS ʂkʷõː꜒ son -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖꜒kʼʷ cl.6 ʃəχˤ 2.sing.POSS ɡˤətoː̰꜖ neighbour -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖kʷ cl.9 dᵊɣ 3.sing.cl.6.OBJ zqʼˤ- 3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative dˤᵊʁˤœ꜒꜖ kiss -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST pˤᵊʈ 3.sing.cl.5.POSS tʼˤa꜒꜖ daughter -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁʷ cl.12 ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ hunter -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (9) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">sʔəxʷɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">sʔəxʷɶ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">sʔəxʷɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>sʔəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ</p> + <p>sʔəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[sʔəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ] sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ lamb -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “a lamb” | (10) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/gʱ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /gʱ//꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ</p> + <p>t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ] t͡ʂᵊgʱ- little sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ lamb -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “a little lamb” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/gʱ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /gʱ//꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
/z+qʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+qʼˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /tʼ/ > // + /tʼ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zqʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼy꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zqʼˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ</p> + <p>t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zqʼˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zqʼˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼy꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zqʼˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ] t͡ʂᵊgʱ- little sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ lamb -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ zqʼˤ- 3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative tʼy꜖ have -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “She had a little lamb.” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_verb
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- </np>
- </subs>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
- <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ɖʱ ᵊ ð" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɖʱᵊð</thingy> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/z+qʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+qʼˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ɖʱ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/ð/ + /tʼ/ > // + /tʼ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="ɖʱ ᵊ ð" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɖʱᵊð</thingy> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ᵊ" underlying="ɖʱ ᵊ ð">zˤɖʱᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ᵊ" underlying="ɖʱ ᵊ ð">zˤɖʱᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" underlying="ɖʱ ᵊ ð">zˤɖʱᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zqʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱᵊð-</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼy꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊtʼy꜖t͡sˤ</p> + <p>zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊtʼy꜖t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zqʼˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱᵊð-</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼy꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊtʼy꜖t͡sˤ] zqʼˤ- 3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ɖʱᵊð- want tʼy꜖ have -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <subs>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
- </word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="qʼʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">qʼʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /tʼ/ > // + /tʼ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
/gʱ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /gʱ/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
/z+qʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+qʼˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /qʼʷ/ > /zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /qʼʷ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ" slots="Cip">zqʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="qʼʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">qʼʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="qʼʷ a" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+qʼˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="qʼʷ a" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ" underlying="z+qʼˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zqʼˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="3.sing.cl.12">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼy꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zqʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʼʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span></p> + <p>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ</p> + <p>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼy꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zqʼˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʼʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zqʼˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ] ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative tʼy꜖ have -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS t͡ʂᵊgʱ- little sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ lamb -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ zqʼˤ- 3.sing.cl.12.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative qʼʷa̰꜖ want -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ often “She often wanted to have a little lamb.” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>think</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>think</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <subs>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
- <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
- </word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
- <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.12" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.12/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for think/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for think/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for think/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for think/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 2.sing
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got NEG
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> - <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="qʼʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">qʼʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+qʷ au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqʷau꜖</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ɢʷ y ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɢʷy꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʁ" slots="Cip">ʁ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="ŋ ᵊ zˤ+c" slots="Cip V2 Cip">ŋᵊzˤc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing" ph="s+tʼˤ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">stʼˤa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /tʼ/ > // + /tʼ/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
/gʱ/ + /s+ʔ/ > // + /gʱ/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒/ + /꜖/ > // + /꜒/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /qʼʷ/ > /zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /qʼʷ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ɢʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/ʁ/ + /ŋ/ > // + /ŋ/
/zˤ+c/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > // + /zˤ+c/
/zˤ+c/ + /s+tʼˤ/ > // + /s+tʼˤ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼy꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">t͡ʂᵊgʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</word>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="qʼʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">qʼʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="qʼʷ a" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+qʷ au ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqʷau꜖</word>
- <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ɢʷ y ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɢʷy꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+qʷ au" underlying="ʃ+qʷ au ꜖">ʃqʷau</word>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ y" underlying="ɢʷ y ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱy</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʁ" slots="Cip">ʁ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="ŋ ᵊ zˤ+c" slots="Cip V2 Cip">ŋᵊzˤc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing" ph="s+tʼˤ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">stʼˤa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʁ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="ŋ ᵊ" underlying="ŋ ᵊ zˤ+c">ŋᵊ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing" ph="s+tʼˤ a" underlying="s+tʼˤ a ̰꜖">stʼˤa</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="tʼ y" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t͡ʂ ᵊ" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="gʱ ə xʷ ɶ" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="qʼʷ a" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="z+bʱ œ# ꜒꜖ ŋʷ">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+qʷ au" underlying="ʃ+qʷ au ꜖">ʃqʷau</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ y" underlying="ɢʷ y ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱy</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʁ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" attach="prefix" ph="ŋ ᵊ" underlying="ŋ ᵊ zˤ+c">ŋᵊ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing" ph="s+tʼˤ a" underlying="s+tʼˤ a ̰꜖">stʼˤa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="tʼ y ꜖">tʼy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" underlying="t͡ʂ ᵊ gʱ">t͡ʂᵊ</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="s+ʔ ə xʷ ɶ ꜒꜖">gʱəxʷɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">꜒d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="qʼʷ a ̰꜖">qʼʷa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.12" gloss="3.sing.cl.12" def="def" tr="theme" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ʃ+qʷ au ꜖">ʃqʷau</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="ɢʷ y ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʁ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="NEG" underlying="ŋ ᵊ zˤ+c">ŋᵊ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="2.sing" underlying="s+tʼˤ a ̰꜖">stʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼy꜖</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʼʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqʷau꜖</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢʷy꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">think</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁ-</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋᵊzˤc-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʼˤa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span></p> + <p>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqʷau꜒꜖q͡χʷ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱy꜒꜖t͡sˤ ɢᵊŋʷ ŋᵊstʼˤa̰꜖b</p> + <p>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ#꜒꜖ŋʷ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqʷau꜒꜖q͡χʷ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱy꜒꜖t͡sˤ ɢᵊŋʷ ŋᵊstʼˤa̰꜖b</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼy꜖</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʂᵊgʱ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʼʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqʷau꜖</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢʷy꜒꜖</o> + <g>think</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʁ-</o> + <g>2.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋᵊzˤc-</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʼˤa̰꜖</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤtʼy꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ t͡ʂᵊgʱəxʷɶ꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱqʼʷa̰꜖t͡sˤ zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqʷau꜒꜖q͡χʷ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱy꜒꜖t͡sˤ ɢᵊŋʷ ŋᵊstʼˤa̰꜖b] ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative tʼy꜖ have -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS t͡ʂᵊgʱ- little sʔəxʷɶ꜒꜖ lamb -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative qʼʷa̰꜖ want -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST zbʱœ̃꜒꜖ŋʷ often ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʃqʷau꜖ 3.sing.cl.12 -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ɢʷy꜒꜖ think -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ʁ- 2.sing.SUBJ ŋᵊzˤc- NEG zˤɖʱ- indicative stʼˤa̰꜖ be -꜖꜒b PRES “Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?” | (15) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Saht fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing indobj, comprising qʷᵊs ‘1incl.sing’, skʼᵊcʼ ‘1excl.sing’, fᵊɢʷ ‘2.sing’, sˤkəʐ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, ᵑǀᵊɲ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, ʃʈʼəʐ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, ðˤəmˤ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, ŋ̥əɟ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, q͡χəʔ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, ɡˤᵊχʷ ‘3.sing.cl.7’, ʒqʷᵊθˤ ‘3.sing.cl.8’, ᵑǀᵊʐ ‘3.sing.cl.9’, kʰˤᵊʒ ‘3.sing.cl.10’, ʃpʰˤᵊqˤ ‘3.sing.cl.11’, sˤtəkʼ ‘3.sing.cl.12’, t͡sˤək ‘1incl.dual’, ɽəmˤ ‘1excl.dual’, ɢˤəɡʷ ‘2.dual’, stʼəqʼʷ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, ᵏǀʼˤəːɴˤ ‘3.dual.cl.2’, sˤkʼᵊfˤ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, q͡χʷəχˤ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, ʐtʼᵊʈ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, xʷəːŋ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, qʼʷəːdˤ ‘3.dual.cl.7’, k͡xˤᵊʁʷ ‘3.dual.cl.8’, wˤəːʈʼ ‘3.dual.cl.9’, skˤᵊt͡ʂ ‘3.dual.cl.10’, sqədˤ ‘3.dual.cl.11’, xˤəθ ‘3.dual.cl.12’, ʂtˤᵊʈ ‘1incl.plur’, kʼᵊχˤ ‘1excl.plur’, t͡ʃəːɟ ‘2.plur’, fˤᵊt͡s ‘3.plur.cl.1’, ɣʷᵊfˤ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, cᵊd͡ʒ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, sˤʈənˤ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, ᵏǀʰəːc ‘3.plur.cl.5’, zˤkˤəɓˤ ‘3.plur.cl.6’, bᵊθ ‘3.plur.cl.7’, q͡χˤəːɳ ‘3.plur.cl.8’, ɢəf ‘3.plur.cl.9’, ʃpˤᵊt͡ʃ ‘3.plur.cl.10’, ʐkʰˤəb ‘3.plur.cl.11’ and q͡χᵊʒ ‘3.plur.cl.12’; second, a clitic expressing obj, comprising zˤgʱᵊkˤ ‘1incl.sing’, dʱᵊɢˤ ‘1excl.sing’, ðˤᵊpˤ ‘2.sing’, ðˤəf ‘3.sing.cl.1’, ɖʱəc ‘3.sing.cl.2’, qʼˤəːʐ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, ʒcʼᵊɟ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, bəɓˤ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, dᵊɣ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, ɢᵊŋʷ ‘3.sing.cl.7’, ʃtək ‘3.sing.cl.8’, χˤəɽ ‘3.sing.cl.9’, tʰᵊd͡zˤ ‘3.sing.cl.10’, ɦᵊpˤ ‘3.sing.cl.11’, nˤək͡x ‘3.sing.cl.12’, ɳ̥ᵊmˤ ‘1incl.dual’, skʷək͡xʷ ‘1excl.dual’, xək͡xʷ ‘2.dual’, ʑcʼᵊbˤ ‘3.dual.cl.1’, θᵊt ‘3.dual.cl.2’, bʱᵊzˤ ‘3.dual.cl.3’, t͡ʂəɢ ‘3.dual.cl.4’, mˤəqʼ ‘3.dual.cl.5’, tʼᵊɢˤ ‘3.dual.cl.6’, ztʼəʂ ‘3.dual.cl.7’, xʷəx ‘3.dual.cl.8’, skʰᵊcʼ ‘3.dual.cl.9’, ðˤᵊb ‘3.dual.cl.10’, ʃqˤᵊqʼ ‘3.dual.cl.11’, lət ‘3.dual.cl.12’, ʈəθˤ ‘1incl.plur’, kᵊk͡xʷ ‘1excl.plur’, ʑʈʼᵊðˤ ‘2.plur’, sˤqˤᵊɴʷ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, xʷᵊŋ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ðᵊs ‘3.plur.cl.3’, cʼᵊxˤ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, ʃkʼˤəːɴˤ ‘3.plur.cl.5’, zpʰˤəʔ ‘3.plur.cl.6’, ɟəɢ ‘3.plur.cl.7’, wəːn ‘3.plur.cl.8’, ʃkˤətʼˤ ‘3.plur.cl.9’, ʂcʼəŋ ‘3.plur.cl.10’, ðəːq͡χˤ ‘3.plur.cl.11’ and nˤəːtʼˤ ‘3.plur.cl.12’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising ʂᵊp ‘passive’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an obligatory prefix expressing subj, comprising ɳ̥- ‘1incl.sing’, ʈ- ‘1excl.sing’, ʁ- ‘2.sing’, ɕkˤ- ‘3.sing.cl.1’, t͡sˤ- ‘3.sing.cl.2’, zˤ- ‘3.sing.cl.3’, skʼ- ‘3.sing.cl.4’, ɕqʼ- ‘3.sing.cl.5’, zɟ- ‘3.sing.cl.6’, sˤkʰʷ- ‘3.sing.cl.7’, sˤtʰ- ‘3.sing.cl.8’, ᵏǀʼ- ‘3.sing.cl.9’, ʃkʰʷ- ‘3.sing.cl.10’, pʰ- ‘3.sing.cl.11’, zqʼˤ- ‘3.sing.cl.12’, kʼ- ‘1incl.dual’, k- ‘1excl.dual’, spʰ- ‘2.dual’, n̥ˤ- ‘3.dual.cl.1’, j- ‘3.dual.cl.2’, ɡ- ‘3.dual.cl.3’, zɖʱ- ‘3.dual.cl.4’, ᵑǀˤ- ‘3.dual.cl.5’, ð- ‘3.dual.cl.6’, zˤd- ‘3.dual.cl.7’, ɣʷ- ‘3.dual.cl.8’, ᵏǀʼˤ- ‘3.dual.cl.9’, ɕkʼ- ‘3.dual.cl.10’, ɕʈʰ- ‘3.dual.cl.11’, ʑʔ- ‘3.dual.cl.12’, ʑqʼʷ- ‘1incl.plur’, sˤqˤ- ‘1excl.plur’, sˤ- ‘2.plur’, ɓˤ- ‘3.plur.cl.1’, χʷ- ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ɲ̥- ‘3.plur.cl.3’, qˤ- ‘3.plur.cl.4’, skʼˤ- ‘3.plur.cl.5’, ʐq- ‘3.plur.cl.6’, ɢ- ‘3.plur.cl.7’, sʈʼ- ‘3.plur.cl.8’, xʷ- ‘3.plur.cl.9’, θ- ‘3.plur.cl.10’, ɣˤ- ‘3.plur.cl.11’ and ʒdʱˤ- ‘3.plur.cl.12’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing negation, comprising ŋᵊzˤc- ‘NEG’ and zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- ‘POS’; third, an obligatory prefix expressing mode, comprising zˤɖʱ- ‘indicative’, ɴˤ- ‘imperative’, t͡ʃ- ‘conditional’ and ʐtˤ- ‘optative’; fourth, the root; and finally, fifth, an obligatory suffix expressing ta, comprising -꜖꜒b ‘PRES’ and -꜖꜒t͡sˤ ‘PAST’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 19 prefixes, namely ɕʈʼᵊkʼʷ- ‘begin’, ɴʷəsˤkʼʷ- ‘stop’, ðˤᵊʃpʰ- ‘continue’, ɦəʃkˤ- ‘try’, ʑəʒgʱˤ- ‘start’, ɖʱᵊð- ‘want’, χʷəzɢˤ- ‘can’, ɡəːʒb- ‘finish’, zˤkəzbʱˤ- ‘need’, sˤtʰˤəːɢ- ‘decide’, ʃtʼˤəʐdʱ- ‘fail’, gʱᵊsˤk- ‘hope’, sqəzɢʷ- ‘must’, qˤəɕkˤ- ‘pretend’, ʐkʼʷᵊɕtʰˤ- ‘let’, ŋ̥ᵊᵏǀʼ- ‘force’, ʐᵊħ- ‘keep’, ɣʷətʼˤ- ‘cause’ and ᵑǀˤᵊʕ- ‘allow’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> - </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ʈ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /n̥ˤ/ > // + /n̥ˤ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðˤᵊpˤ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span></p> + <p>ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b</p> + <p>ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ðˤᵊpˤ</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n̥ˤœ̰꜖</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b] ðˤᵊpˤ 2.sing.OBJ ʈ- 1excl.sing.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative n̥ˤœ̰꜖ love -꜖꜒b PRES “I love you.” | (16) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+pʰˤ e# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">spʰˤe#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="z+k au ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">zkaṵ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ tʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒tʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="zˤ+t ø ꜒꜖ ɡ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+pʰˤ e# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">spʰˤe#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+pʰˤ e#" underlying="s+pʰˤ e# ̰꜒">spʰˤe#</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="z+k au ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">zkaṵ꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ tʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒tʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="zˤ+t ø ꜒꜖ ɡ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="z+k au" underlying="z+k au ̰꜖">zkau</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ tʼ" underlying="꜒ tʼ">̰꜖tʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="zˤ+t ø ꜒꜖ ɡ">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</word>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="s+pʰˤ e#" underlying="s+pʰˤ e# ̰꜒">spʰˤe#</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="z+k au" underlying="z+k au ̰꜖">zkau</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ tʼ" underlying="꜒ tʼ">̰꜖tʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="zˤ+t ø ꜒꜖ ɡ">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="s+pʰˤ e# ̰꜒">spʰˤe#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" underlying="z+k au ̰꜖">zkau</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" underlying="꜒ tʼ">̰꜖tʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">spʰˤḛ̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zkaṵ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒tʼ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>spʰˤḛ̃꜒cʼ zkaṵ꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖tʼ zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</p> + <p>spʰˤe#̰꜒cʼ zkaṵ꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖tʼ zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>spʰˤḛ̃꜒</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zkaṵ꜖</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒tʼ</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[spʰˤḛ̃꜒cʼ zkaṵ꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖tʼ zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ] spʰˤḛ̃꜒ surface -꜒cʼ NOM zkaṵ꜖ table -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒tʼ cl.3 zˤtø꜒꜖ɡ in “on the table” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤʈʰɞː꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="tʰˤ ɞ# ꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤʈʰɞː꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː" underlying="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː ꜖">sˤʈʰɞː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ ꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="tʰˤ ɞ# ꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ" underlying="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ ꜒">ɡʷᵊðɛ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="tʰˤ ɞ# ꜒꜖ ʁˤ">tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</word>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː" underlying="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː ꜖">sˤʈʰɞː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ" underlying="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ ꜒">ɡʷᵊðɛ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="tʰˤ ɞ# ꜒꜖ ʁˤ">tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="sˤ+ʈʰ ɞː ꜖">sˤʈʰɞː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɡʷ ᵊ ð ɛ ꜒">ɡʷᵊðɛ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤʈʰɞː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤɞ̃꜒꜖ʁˤ</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p> + <p>sˤʈʰɞː꜒cʼ ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ tʰˤɞ̃꜒꜖ʁˤ</p> + <p>sˤʈʰɞː꜒cʼ ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ tʰˤɞ#꜒꜖ʁˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sˤʈʰɞː꜖</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁˤ</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤɞ̃꜒꜖ʁˤ</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[sˤʈʰɞː꜒cʼ ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ tʰˤɞ̃꜒꜖ʁˤ] sˤʈʰɞː꜖ inside -꜒cʼ NOM ɡʷᵊðɛ꜒ box -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁˤ cl.4 tʰˤɞ̃꜒꜖ʁˤ to “into the box” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative" ph="ʐ+t ᵊ z+bʱ ɔ#ː ꜒꜖ ħ">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤɶ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p> + <p>tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</p> + <p>tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ#ː꜒꜖ħ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tˤɶ̰꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ] tˤɶ̰꜒ 1excl.sing -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing ʐtᵊzbʱɔ̃ː꜒꜖ħ COMIT “with me” | (19) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Saht has Object–Verb–Subject (OVS) as its basic constituent order. Clauses begin with the object, followed by the verb, with the subject in final position. This is a rare but attested configuration in the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Saht.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">bəɓˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+tˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ztˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /z+tˤ/ > // + /z+tˤ/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">bəɓˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+tˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ztˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ">bəɓˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+tˤ œ" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" ph="b ə ɓˤ">bəɓˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+tˤ œ" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ">bəɓˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bəɓˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>ɕtˤəna꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ t͡sˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>ɕtˤəna꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ t͡sˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bəɓˤ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztˤœ꜒</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɕtˤəna꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ bəɓˤ t͡sˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ hunter -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 bəɓˤ 3.sing.cl.5.OBJ t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ztˤœ꜒ kill -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖ jaguar -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (20) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.12" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.POSS" ph="qʷ ᵊ ʈʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">qʷᵊʈʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɢ ø ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɢø꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼˤa꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /gʱ/ > // + /gʱ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
/꜖꜒/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.POSS" ph="qʷ ᵊ ʈʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">qʷᵊʈʼ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɢ ø ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɢø꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">pˤᵊʈ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">tʼˤa꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.POSS" ph="qʷ ᵊ ʈʼ">qʷᵊʈʼ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɢ ø" underlying="ɢ ø ꜒">ɢø</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ">pˤᵊʈ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="tʼˤ a" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.POSS" ph="qʷ ᵊ ʈʼ">qʷᵊʈʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɢ ø" underlying="ɢ ø ꜒">ɢø</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS" ph="pˤ ᵊ ʈ">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="tʼˤ a" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.POSS">qʷᵊʈʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" underlying="ɢ ø ꜒">ɢø</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.12" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POSS">pˤᵊʈ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" underlying="tʼˤ a ꜒꜖">tʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.12" possessor="3.sing.cl.5" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒꜖ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʷᵊʈʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢø꜒</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pˤᵊʈ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼˤa꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>qʷᵊʈʼ ɢø꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ pᵊt͡sʉː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>qʷᵊʈʼ ɢø꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ#ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ pᵊt͡sʉː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>qʷᵊʈʼ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢø꜒</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pˤᵊʈ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼˤa꜒꜖</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁʷ</o> + <g>cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[qʷᵊʈʼ ɢø꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ pˤᵊʈ tʼˤa꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ pᵊt͡sʉː̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] qʷᵊʈʼ 3.sing.cl.12.POSS ɢø꜒ dog -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 pˤᵊʈ 3.sing.cl.5.POSS tʼˤa꜒꜖ daughter -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁʷ cl.12 ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ hunter -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒ eat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒ lion -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (21) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Saht reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Saht expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.9" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> - </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
</np>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.9
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐɢˤɔː꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="dˤ a#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">dˤa#ː꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʃəχˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂkʷo#ː꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐɢˤɔː꜖</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="dˤ a#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">dˤa#ː꜒</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʃəχˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʂkʷo#ː꜒</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ʔ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː" underlying="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː ꜖">ʐɢˤɔː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="dˤ a#ː" underlying="dˤ a#ː ꜒">dˤa#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ">ʃəχˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS" ph="ɖʱ ə gʱʷ">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː" underlying="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː ꜖">ʐɢˤɔː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁˤ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS" ph="s+tʰ əː ɢ">stʰəːɢ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="dˤ a#ː" underlying="dˤ a#ː ꜒">dˤa#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS" ph="ʃ ə χˤ">ʃəχˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ʂ+kʷ o#ː" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ ʔ" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.POSS">ɖʱəgʱʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" underlying="ʐ+ɢˤ ɔː ꜖">ʐɢˤɔː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.sing.cl.9" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁˤ">̰꜖ʁˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POSS">stʰəːɢ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="dˤ a#ː ꜒">dˤa#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.9" possessor="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">ʃəχˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" underlying="ʂ+kʷ o#ː ꜒">ʂkʷo#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" underlying="꜖꜒ ʔ">꜒ʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.6" possessor="2.sing" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəgʱʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.9.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐɢˤɔː꜖</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">stʰəːɢ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤãː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖kʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.9</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃəχˤ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂkʷõː꜒</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ʔ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒kʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span></p> + <p>ɖʱəgʱʷ ʐɢˤɔː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ stʰəːɢ dˤãː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ ʃəχˤ ʂkʷõː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <p>ɖʱəgʱʷ ʐɢˤɔː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ stʰəːɢ dˤa#ː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ ʃəχˤ ʂkʷo#ː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəgʱʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.9.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐɢˤɔː꜖</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁˤ</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>stʰəːɢ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤãː꜒</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖kʷ</o> + <g>cl.9</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃəχˤ</o> + <g>2.sing.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂkʷõː꜒</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ʔ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒kʼʷ</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɖʱəgʱʷ ʐɢˤɔː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁˤ stʰəːɢ dˤãː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ ʃəχˤ ʂkʷõː꜒ʔ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ] ɖʱəgʱʷ 3.sing.cl.9.POSS ʐɢˤɔː꜖ book -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁˤ cl.4 stʰəːɢ 3.sing.cl.6.POSS dˤãː꜒ friend -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖kʷ cl.9 ʃəχˤ 2.sing.POSS ʂkʷõː꜒ son -꜖꜒ʔ GEN ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖꜒kʼʷ cl.6 “your son’s friend’s book” | (22) |
Case Marking
Saht uses split case marking. In the present tense, the grammar follows a nominative–accusative pattern, where intransitive and transitive subjects are treated alike and objects are marked with the accusative. In the past tense, however, it follows an ergative–absolutive pattern, here called ergative–nominative, where intransitive subjects and transitive objects are treated alike and transitive subjects are marked with the ergative. This makes sense because present-tense clauses often describe events as ongoing, habitual or controlled by an active participant, so the grammar treats the subject as the central argument. Past-tense clauses, by contrast, often present an event as completed, making the affected participant especially salient. The ergative marking then singles out the transitive agent as the additional participant responsible for bringing about that result.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k͡xʷ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">k͡xʷœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /k͡xʷ/ > // + /k͡xʷ/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k͡xʷ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">k͡xʷœ꜒</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k͡xʷ œ" underlying="k͡xʷ œ ꜒">k͡xʷœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜒b</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k͡xʷ œ" underlying="k͡xʷ œ ꜒">k͡xʷœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜒b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="k͡xʷ œ ꜒">k͡xʷœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">꜒b</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">k͡xʷœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>t͡sˤᵊtʼˤk͡xʷœ꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>t͡sˤᵊtʼˤk͡xʷœ꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>k͡xʷœ꜒</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[t͡sˤᵊtʼˤk͡xʷœ꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative k͡xʷœ꜒ sleep -꜖꜒b PRES ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The cat is sleeping.” | (23) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for mode/defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+kʼˤ a ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zkʼˤa꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ//tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /z+kʼˤ/ > // + /z+kʼˤ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+kʼˤ a ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">zkʼˤa꜖꜒</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+kʼˤ a" underlying="z+kʼˤ a ꜖꜒">zkʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b">꜖꜒b</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="z+kʼˤ a" underlying="z+kʼˤ a ꜖꜒">zkʼˤa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b">꜖꜒b</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="z+kʼˤ a ꜖꜒">zkʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zkʼˤa꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzkʼˤa꜖꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzkʼˤa꜖꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zkʼˤa꜖꜒</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzkʼˤa꜖꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative zkʼˤa꜖꜒ run -꜖꜒b PRES ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The cat is running.” | (24) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for mode/defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ʐ+ʔ əː d͡ʒ a ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐʔəːd͡ʒa̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ʐ+ʔ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖dʱ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ʐ+ʔ əː d͡ʒ a ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʐʔəːd͡ʒa̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ">̰꜖dʱ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ əː d͡ʒ a" underlying="ʐ+ʔ əː d͡ʒ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜒b</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ dʱ">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ əː d͡ʒ a" underlying="ʐ+ʔ əː d͡ʒ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜒b</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">̰꜖dʱ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="ʐ+ʔ əː d͡ʒ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜒b</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖dʱ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐʔəːd͡ʒa̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔḭ꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa̰꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔḭ꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa̰꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖dʱ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐʔəːd͡ʒa̰꜒</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʑʈᵊqʼɔḭ꜖dʱ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱəːd͡ʒa̰꜒b ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -̰꜖dʱ ACC ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ʐʔəːd͡ʒa̰꜒ chase -꜖꜒b PRES ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (25) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/t͡sˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /t͡sˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ" slots="Cip">t͡sˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ nˤ" underlying="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜒nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="t͡sˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ nˤ" underlying="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜒nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" underlying="t͡sˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">t͡sˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" underlying="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜒nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷø̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span></p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʃqœ̰꜒nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø#̰꜒t͡sˤ ʃqœ̰꜒nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡sˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷø̰̃꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc t͡sˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʃqœ̰꜒nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ] ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ t͡sˤ- 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷø̰̃꜒ catch -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 “The cat caught the mouse.” | (26) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+qʼ" slots="Cip">ɕqʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="z+tˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ztˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜖//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+qʼ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /z+tˤ/ > // + /z+tˤ/
/꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒꜖/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ" underlying="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ ̰꜒">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">xʷᵊŋ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+qʼ" slots="Cip">ɕqʼ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="z+tˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ztˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="z+tˤ œ" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ" underlying="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ ̰꜒">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʒ+ɡ œ# ꜖꜒ ħ">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="xʷ ᵊ ŋ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="z+tˤ œ" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+tˤ ə n a" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="t͡ʃ ə sˤ+tʼˤ ɛ ̰꜖">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜖cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+pʰ ᵊ ʑ ɶ ̰꜒">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="p ᵊ t͡s ʉː ꜖꜒">pᵊt͡sʉː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ">xʷᵊŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+qʼ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.5" underlying="z+tˤ œ ꜒">ztˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+tˤ ə n a ꜒꜖">ɕtˤəna</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷᵊŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʼ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ztˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ pᵊt͡sʉː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ ɕtˤəna̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <p>t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ#꜖꜒ħ pᵊt͡sʉː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ ɕtˤəna̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xʷᵊŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʼ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ztˤœ꜒</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕtˤəna꜒꜖</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ pᵊt͡sʉː꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ xʷᵊŋ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤztˤœ꜒t͡sˤ ɕtˤəna̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ] t͡ʃəsˤtʼˤɛ̰꜖ jaguar -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ and ɕpʰᵊʑɶ̰꜒ tiger -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ʒɡœ̃꜖꜒ħ and pᵊt͡sʉː꜖꜒ lion -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 xʷᵊŋ 3.plur.cl.2.OBJ ɕqʼ- 3.sing.cl.5.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ztˤœ꜒ kill -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ɕtˤəna꜒꜖ hunter -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (27) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Saht provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Saht forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ʈ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /kʼ/ > // + /kʼ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <p>ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ] ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ʈ- 1excl.sing.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒ pat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “I patted the cat.” | (28) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ʈ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /kʼ/ > // + /kʼ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɖʱəc</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="ɖʱ ə c">ɖʱəc</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">ɖʱəc</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖʱəc</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷø̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <p>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø#̰꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖʱəc</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷø̰̃꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɖʱəc zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ] ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɖʱəc 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷø̰̃꜒ catch -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ʈ- 1excl.sing.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒ pat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (29) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.9
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">χˤəɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜖꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /gʱ/ > // + /gʱ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ʈ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /kʼ/ > // + /kʼ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">χˤəɽ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ">χˤəɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ">χˤəɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" ph="ɢ ᵊ ŋʷ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ">χˤəɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">ɢᵊŋʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.7" subj="1excl.sing" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖kʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.9</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">χˤəɽ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.9.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷø̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢᵊŋʷ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <p>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ#ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø#̰꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖kʷ</o> + <g>cl.9</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>χˤəɽ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.9.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷø̰̃꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢᵊŋʷ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ ɢᵊŋʷ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ] ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒ cheese -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖kʷ cl.9 χˤəɽ 3.sing.cl.9.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒ eat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷø̰̃꜒ catch -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 ɢᵊŋʷ 3.sing.cl.7.OBJ ʈ- 1excl.sing.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒ pat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (30) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing" role="obj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.9
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">χˤəɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="ɓ ɛ# ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɓɛ#꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜖꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒//̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ɓ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /gʱ/ > // + /gʱ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ʈ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /kʼ/ > // + /kʼ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ kʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖kʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">χˤəɽ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="ɓ ɛ# ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɓɛ#꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ">χˤəɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ɛ#" underlying="ɓ ɛ# ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱɛ#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">gʱɞ#ː꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷø#̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʃqœ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ d͡ʒ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ" slots="Cip">ʈ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʷ" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ" ph="χˤ ə ɽ">χˤəɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ɛ#" underlying="ɓ ɛ# ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱɛ#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="gʱ ɞ#ː" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ø#" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ʃ+q œ" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ cʼ" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ d͡ʒ" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="kʼ ə bʱˤ o" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʒ+qʼʷ ᵊ ʃ+ʈʰ ɶ ꜖꜒">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" underlying="꜖ kʷ">̰꜖kʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.9.OBJ">χˤəɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.9" underlying="ɓ ɛ# ꜒꜖">zˤɖʱɛ#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜒꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" underlying="gʱ ɞ#ː ꜖꜒">gʱɞ#ː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" underlying="ʑ+ʈ ᵊ qʼ ɔi ꜒꜖">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" underlying="ŋʷ ø# ̰꜒">zˤɖʱø#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" underlying="ʃ+q œ ̰꜒">ʃqœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="꜒ cʼ">̰꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="NOM" person="1excl" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="꜖ d͡ʒ">̰꜖d͡ʒ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" underlying="ʈ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" subj="1excl.sing" underlying="kʼ ə bʱˤ o ꜖꜒">kʼəbʱˤo</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖kʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.9</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">χˤəɽ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.9.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓɛ̃꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤɶ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱᵊɢˤ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱᵊɢˤ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷø̰̃꜒</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃqœ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖d͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱᵊɢˤ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɛ̃꜒꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <p>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɛ#꜒꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ#ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø#̰꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖kʷ</o> + <g>cl.9</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>χˤəɽ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.9.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓɛ̃꜒꜖</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤɶ̰꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dʱᵊɢˤ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dʱᵊɢˤ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷø̰̃꜒</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃqœ̰꜒</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖d͡ʒ</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dʱᵊɢˤ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʷ χˤəɽ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɛ̃꜒꜖t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤgʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱø̰̃꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʃqœ̰꜒cʼ ɕqʷa̰꜖d͡ʒ dʱᵊɢˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤkʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒t͡sˤ] ʒqʼʷᵊʃʈʰɶ꜖꜒ cheese -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖kʷ cl.9 χˤəɽ 3.sing.cl.9.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ɓɛ̃꜒꜖ buy -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS tˤɶ̰꜒ 1excl.sing -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing dʱᵊɢˤ 1excl.sing.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative gʱɞ̃ː꜖꜒ eat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʑʈᵊqʼɔi꜒꜖ mouse -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 dʱᵊɢˤ 1excl.sing.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷø̰̃꜒ catch -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʃqœ̰꜒ cat -꜒cʼ NOM ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖d͡ʒ cl.2 dʱᵊɢˤ 1excl.sing.OBJ ʈ- 1excl.sing.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative kʼəbʱˤo꜖꜒ pat -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (31) |
Complementation Strategies
Saht forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="ERG" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="subj" case="ERG" possessor="no.owner">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatoryGot DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.7
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.11
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7">
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ" ph="ŋ̥ ə ɟ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ŋ̥əɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ+kʰʷ" slots="Cip">sˤkʰʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ʑ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11.OBJ" ph="ɦ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɦᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="ŋ̥ œ# ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋ̥œ#꜖꜒</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/꜒꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜒꜖//̰꜖/ + /̰꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/sˤ+kʰʷ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /sˤ+kʰʷ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ʑ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜒/
/꜒꜖/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜒/ + /꜒/ > // + /꜒/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋ̥/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/꜖꜒/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖꜒/
/꜒/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ" ph="ŋ̥ ə ɟ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ŋ̥əɟ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ+kʰʷ" slots="Cip">sˤkʰʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="ʑ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a ̰꜒" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">ʑᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø" underlying="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø ꜒꜖">ɕkᵊsˤø</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜒꜖ɡʷ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ" ph="ŋ̥ ə ɟ">ŋ̥əɟ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="sˤ+kʰʷ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ+kʰʷ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a" underlying="ʑ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">zˤəzˤko#ː꜒꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒cʼ</thingy>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">sˤœ꜒</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒xʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ">꜒xʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11.OBJ" ph="ɦ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɦᵊpˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">sˤtəkʼ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="ŋ̥ œ# ꜖꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋ̥œ#꜖꜒</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11.OBJ" ph="ɦ ᵊ pˤ">ɦᵊpˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ œ#" underlying="ŋ̥ œ# ꜖꜒">zˤɖʱœ#</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø" underlying="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø ꜒꜖">ɕkᵊsˤø</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜒꜖ɡʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ xʷ">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ" ph="ŋ̥ ə ɟ">ŋ̥əɟ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="sˤ+kʰʷ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ+kʰʷ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a" underlying="ʑ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ cʼ">꜒cʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" ph="sˤ œ" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11" attach="suffix" ph="꜒ xʷ">꜒xʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11.OBJ" ph="ɦ ᵊ pˤ">ɦᵊpˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ œ#" underlying="ŋ̥ œ# ꜖꜒">zˤɖʱœ#</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+k ᵊ sˤ ø ꜒꜖">ɕkᵊsˤø</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜒꜖ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">̰꜒xʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ">ŋ̥əɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ" underlying="sˤ+kʰʷ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" subj="3.sing.cl.7" underlying="ʑ ᵊ sˤ+tʼˤ a ̰꜒">zˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" underlying="zˤ ə zˤ+k o#ː ꜒꜖">zˤəzˤko#ː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">꜒cʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.11" possessor="no.owner" underlying="sˤ œ ꜒">sˤœ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.11">꜒xʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.11.OBJ">ɦᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.11" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" underlying="ŋ̥ œ# ꜖꜒">zˤɖʱœ#</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.6" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" case="ERG" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.5</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋ̥əɟ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.5.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤkʰʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒cʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤœ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒xʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.11</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴʷœ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɦᵊpˤ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.11.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤtəkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋ̥œ̃꜖꜒</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒kʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span></p> + <p>ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ŋ̥əɟ sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒t͡sˤ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒xʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɦᵊpˤ sˤtəkʼ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱœ̃꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʐdʱˤḛ̃꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <p>ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ŋ̥əɟ sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒t͡sˤ zˤəzˤko#ː꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒xʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɦᵊpˤ sˤtəkʼ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱœ#꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʐdʱˤe#̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ɡʷ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.5</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋ̥əɟ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤkʰʷ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒cʼ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤœ꜒</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒xʷ</o> + <g>cl.11</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴʷœ꜖</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ɡʷ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁʷ</o> + <g>cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɦᵊpˤ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.11.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤtəkʼ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋ̥œ̃꜖꜒</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒kʼʷ</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜒xʷ ŋ̥əɟ sˤkʰʷᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒t͡sˤ zˤəzˤkõː꜒cʼ sˤœ꜒xʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ ɦᵊpˤ sˤtəkʼ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱœ̃꜖꜒t͡sˤ ʑgʱʷᵊʒ ʐdʱˤḛ̃꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ] ɕkᵊsˤø꜒꜖ teacher -꜖꜒ɡʷ DAT ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -̰꜒xʷ cl.5 ŋ̥əɟ 3.sing.cl.5.INDOBJ sˤkʰʷ- 3.sing.cl.7.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ʑᵊsˤtʼˤa̰꜒ surprise -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST zˤəzˤkõː꜒꜖ apple -꜒cʼ NOM sˤœ꜒ a -꜒xʷ cl.11 ɴʷœ꜖ girl -꜖꜒ɡʷ DAT ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁʷ cl.12 ɦᵊpˤ 3.sing.cl.11.OBJ sˤtəkʼ 3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋ̥œ̃꜖꜒ give -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS ʐdʱˤẽ꜒ boy -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖꜒kʼʷ cl.6 “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (32) |
Quotes
Saht employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/> </np> </np> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.7" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.cl.1
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.12
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.6
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
<thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner">
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> + <flat> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" person="1excl" gender="cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"> <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ŋʷ ɶ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷɶ̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒//ɕ+kˤ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /zˤ+ɡˤ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /n̥ˤ/ > // + /n̥ˤ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜒/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜒/
/꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜒꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/z+ɟ/ + /zˤ+ɡˤ/ > // + /z+ɟ/
/tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/ > /tʼˤ/ + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/zˤ+ɖʱ/ + /ŋʷ/ > // + /zˤ+ɖʱ/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
/꜒/ + /̰꜖/ > // + /̰꜖/
/̰꜖/ + /꜖꜒/ > // + /̰꜖/
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="ɕ+kˤ" slots="Cip">ɕkˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ b" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒b</thingy>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ" underlying="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ ̰꜒">ɕqʼˤɵ</word>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">tˤɶ̰꜒</word>
- <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖q͡χʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ ꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɴʷœ꜖</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ ɡʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒ɡʷ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="꜒꜖ ʁʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜒꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">sˤtəkʼ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ" slots="Cip">zɟ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cip">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ" slots="Cmp">zˤɖʱ</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="ŋʷ ɶ ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ŋʷɶ̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒t͡sˤ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ɶ" underlying="ŋʷ ɶ ̰꜖">zˤɖʱɶ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒" slots="Cir V1 T1">ʐdʱˤe#꜒</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɕqʷa̰꜖</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="꜖꜒ kʼʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">꜖꜒kʼʷ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ" underlying="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ ̰꜒">ɕqʼˤɵ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="ðˤ ᵊ pˤ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="n̥ˤ œ" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ b" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS" ph="ʑ+gʱʷ ᵊ ʒ">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="tˤ ɶ" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜒ q͡χʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɴʷ œ" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="꜖ ɡʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ ʁʷ" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" ph="dʱ ᵊ ɢˤ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ" ph="sˤ+t ə kʼ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="z+ɟ ᵊ tʼˤ" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="zˤ+ɖʱ ɶ" underlying="ŋʷ ɶ ̰꜖">zˤɖʱɶ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ t͡sˤ" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʐ+dʱˤ e#" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ nˤ">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɕ+qʷ a" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" attach="suffix" ph="̰꜖ kʼʷ" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʼˤ ɵ ̰꜒">ɕqʼˤɵ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ðˤᵊpˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" underlying="ɕ+kˤ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" underlying="n̥ˤ œ ̰꜖">n̥ˤœ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" underlying="꜖꜒ b">̰꜖b</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POSS">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.6" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" possessor="3.sing.cl.7" tr="rheme" case="NOM" underlying="tˤ ɶ ̰꜒">tˤɶ</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="꜒꜖ q͡χʷ">̰꜒q͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɴʷ œ ꜖">ɴʷœ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" underlying="꜖꜒ ɡʷ">꜖ɡʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.12" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.12" underlying="꜒꜖ ʁʷ">̰꜖ʁʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="proclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">dʱᵊɢˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ">sˤtəkʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ" underlying="z+ɟ"></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" underlying="zˤ+ɡˤ ᵊ tʼˤ">zɟᵊtʼˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" underlying="zˤ+ɖʱ"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.12" subj="3.sing.cl.6" underlying="ŋʷ ɶ ̰꜖">zˤɖʱɶ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="꜖꜒ t͡sˤ">̰꜖t͡sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ʐ+dʱˤ e# ꜒">ʐdʱˤe#</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">̰꜖nˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" gender="cl.6" possessor="no.owner" underlying="ɕ+qʷ a ̰꜖">ɕqʷa</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.6" underlying="꜖꜒ kʼʷ">̰꜖kʼʷ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ðˤᵊpˤ</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕkˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">n̥ˤœ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.7.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤɶ̰꜒</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴʷœ꜖</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒ɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜒꜖ʁʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.12</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dʱᵊɢˤ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤtəkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.12.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zɟ-</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.6.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤɖʱ-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋʷɶ̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰꜖nˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ERG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɕqʷa̰꜖</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-꜖꜒kʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.6</span></span></p> + <p>ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒q͡χʷ ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ dʱᵊɢˤ sˤtəkʼ zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɶ̰꜖t͡sˤ ʐdʱˤḛ̃꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <p>ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒q͡χʷ ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ dʱᵊɢˤ sˤtəkʼ zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɶ̰꜖t͡sˤ ʐdʱˤe#̰꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ðˤᵊpˤ</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕkˤ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>n̥ˤœ̰꜖</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒b</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑgʱʷᵊʒ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.7.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤɶ̰꜒</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖q͡χʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴʷœ꜖</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒ɡʷ</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜒꜖ʁʷ</o> + <g>cl.12</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dʱᵊɢˤ</o> + <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤtəkʼ</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zɟ-</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤɖʱ-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋʷɶ̰꜖</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒t͡sˤ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʐdʱˤẽ꜒</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰꜖nˤ</o> + <g>ERG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɕqʷa̰꜖</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-꜖꜒kʼʷ</o> + <g>cl.6</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
[ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒q͡χʷ ðˤᵊpˤ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤn̥ˤœ̰꜖b ʑgʱʷᵊʒ tˤɶ̰꜒q͡χʷ ɴʷœ꜖ɡʷ ɕqʷa̰꜖ʁʷ dʱᵊɢˤ sˤtəkʼ zɟᵊtʼˤzˤɖʱɶ̰꜖t͡sˤ ʐdʱˤḛ̃꜖nˤ ɕqʷa̰꜖kʼʷ] ɕqʼˤɵ̰꜒ 2.sing -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing ðˤᵊpˤ 2.sing.OBJ ɕkˤ- 3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative n̥ˤœ̰꜖ love -꜖꜒b PRES ʑgʱʷᵊʒ 3.sing.cl.7.POSS tˤɶ̰꜒ 1excl.sing -꜒꜖q͡χʷ sing ɴʷœ꜖ girl -꜖꜒ɡʷ DAT ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜒꜖ʁʷ cl.12 dʱᵊɢˤ 1excl.sing.OBJ sˤtəkʼ 3.sing.cl.12.INDOBJ zɟ- 3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ zˤɡˤᵊtʼˤ- POS zˤɖʱ- indicative ŋʷɶ̰꜖ tell -꜖꜒t͡sˤ PAST ʐdʱˤẽ꜒ boy -̰꜖nˤ ERG ɕqʷa̰꜖ the -꜖꜒kʼʷ cl.6 “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (33) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Saht. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 23 July 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/11JFC
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-11JFC,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Saht}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/11JFC}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 23 July 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
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