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A Grammar of Kab

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Kab language (the 1044th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Kab.

Typological Profile

It has has no interesting typological features.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Kab has 20 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a conspicuous absence of approximants, a modest (but clearly contrastive) set of labialised consonants, an exceptionally extensive nasal inventory and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Kab. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labialalveolarpostalveolaralveolo-palatalpalatalvelarlab. velarglottal
stopp t k kʷ ʔ
ejective stopkʼ kʷʼ
nasalm n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
fricativef s ʃ h
affricatet͡ʃ t͡ɕ
implosiveɓ

Vowels

Kab has 6 vowel qualities. This places it within the broadly common range of mid-sized vowel inventories. The vowel chart shows the full set of contrasts employed in the language’s phonology.

It has a vertical vowel system in which backness distinctions are largely absent, a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels and a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Kab. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

central
closeɨ
midə ə̃
opena

Stress and Tones

Kab has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Kab is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/e /ə/f /f/h /h/
k /k/m /m/n /n/p /p/
q /ʔ/s /s/t /t/y /ɨ/
ñ /ɲ/ẽ /ə̃/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /aː/ai /ai/au /au/
bb /ɓ/ch /t͡ʃ/ee /əː/
gk /kʼ/gqu /kʼʷ/ng /ŋ/
ngw /ŋʷ/qu /kʷ/sh /ʃ/
ty /t͡ɕ/yy /ɨː/ẽẽ /ə̃ː/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Kab does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Kab has the following genders:

Gender anim – for instance: bbang ‘child’, bbyyk ‘book’, fangaungw ‘tiger’, gkeety ‘few’, hegkaabb ‘net’, kagqu ‘small’, machaity ‘lion’, makyyt ‘market’, manabb ‘court’, naik ‘husband’, nasyyng ‘religion’, negquash ‘bottle’, pabbeech ‘neighbour’, qequaabb ‘jaguar’, quaabb ‘Kab’, quanẽẽñ ‘lamb’, quyquaigqu ‘straight’, syngaañ ‘guts’, taigk ‘girl’, ñagqu ‘woman’.

Gender inanim – for instance: gkagkaut ‘faeces’, gkebb ‘near’, gkych ‘nose’, gquaiñ ‘back’, gquaqu ‘round’, gquas ‘north’, hatyaap ‘snow’, hen ‘east’, kauty ‘sea’, machẽch ‘root’, matyysh ‘thick’, myshyyp ‘machine’, ngwemysh ‘grass’, nyngẽẽk ‘breast’, penais ‘vagina’, pypyq ‘medicine’, quepek ‘restaurant’, taubb ‘land’, tyenyf ‘breath’, ñak ‘heavy’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Kab can be exemplified by the following example:

Ñagquyty saigk gquenaung hyñyngw saigk qeñ quamyp queekeñ saigk shyp satyefat gqueñ.

[ɲakʼʷɨt͡ɕ saikʼ kʼʷənauŋ hɨɲɨŋʷ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷamɨp kʷəːkəɲ saikʼ ʃɨp sat͡ɕəfat kʼʷəɲ]

ɲakʼʷ
woman -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the kʼʷənauŋ
COMIT hɨɲ
knife -ɨŋʷ
LOC saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷam
catch -ɨp
not.COMP kʷəːk
blind -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the ʃɨp
three sat͡ɕəf
mouse -at
NOM kʼʷəɲ
yon

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

 (1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Kab consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -at /-at/ ‘NOM’, -yty /-ɨt͡ɕ/ ‘ERG’, -ysh /-ɨʃ/ ‘ACC’, -eñ /-əɲ/ ‘GEN’, -ygqu /-ɨkʼʷ/ ‘DAT’, -egk /-əkʼ/ ‘INS’, -egqu /-əkʼʷ/ ‘VOC’, -en /-ən/ ‘ALL’, -yngw /-ɨŋʷ/ ‘LOC’, -aqu /-akʷ/ ‘ABL’ and -yqu /-ɨkʷ/ ‘PART’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ak /-ak/ ‘little’ and -ybb /-ɨɓ/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Kab, the adjective has the following structure: first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising -ak /-ak/ ‘anim’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -em /-əm/ ‘ERG’, -an /-an/ ‘ACC’, -yf /-ɨf/ ‘GEN’, -es /-əs/ ‘DAT’, -ety /-ət͡ɕ/ ‘INS’, -agk /-akʼ/ ‘VOC’, -ygk /-ɨkʼ/ ‘ALL’, -eq /-əʔ/ ‘LOC’, -yk /-ɨk/ ‘ABL’ and -yñ /-ɨɲ/ ‘PART’.

Numerals

The numeral in Kab stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

The determiner in Kab stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Kab stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Kab, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

Maqyp tety.

[maʔɨp tət͡ɕ]

maʔ
love -ɨp
not.COMP tət͡ɕ
3.anim

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

 (2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

Tety maqyp tety.

[tət͡ɕ maʔɨp tət͡ɕ]

tət͡ɕ
3.anim maʔ
love -ɨp
not.COMP tət͡ɕ
3.anim

“He loves her.”

 (3)

Proper Nouns

Qybbygquat saigk mymyymyp Peshaapysh saigk.

[ʔɨɓɨkʼʷat saikʼ mɨmɨːmɨp pəʃaːpɨʃ saikʼ]

ʔɨɓɨkʼʷ
Ibik -at
NOM saikʼ
the mɨmɨːm
hate -ɨp
not.COMP pəʃaːp
Pashap -ɨʃ
ACC saikʼ
the

“Ibik hates Pashap.”

 (4)

Possession

shaangweñ saigk ñapẽẽkat saigk

[ʃaːŋʷəɲ saikʼ ɲapə̃ːkat saikʼ]

ʃaːŋʷ
boy -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the ɲapə̃ːk
apple -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“the boy’s apple”

 (5)
tety ñapẽẽkat saigk

[tət͡ɕ ɲapə̃ːkat saikʼ]

tət͡ɕ
3.anim ɲapə̃ːk
apple -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“his (the boy’s) apple”

 (6)
gkaagqu ñapẽẽkat saigk

[kʼaːkʼʷ ɲapə̃ːkat saikʼ]

kʼaːkʼʷ
1excl ɲapə̃ːk
apple -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“my apple”

 (7)
Shefecheñ saigk makyty saigk qeñ kaquaquyp kek pabbeecheñ saigk maichat saigk.

[ʃəfət͡ʃəɲ saikʼ makɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kakʷakʷɨp kək paɓəːt͡ʃəɲ saikʼ mait͡ʃat saikʼ]

ʃəfət͡ʃ
hunter -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the mak
daughter -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kakʷakʷ
kiss -ɨp
not.COMP kək
2 paɓəːt͡ʃ
neighbour -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the mait͡ʃ
son -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

 (8)

Derivation

Kab has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

quanẽẽñat kyngw

[kʷanə̃ːɲat kɨŋʷ]

kʷanə̃ːɲ
lamb -at
NOM kɨŋʷ
a

“a lamb”

 (9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

quanẽẽñakat kyngw

[kʷanə̃ːɲakat kɨŋʷ]

kʷanə̃ːɲ
lamb -ak
little -at
NOM kɨŋʷ
a

“a little lamb”

 (10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Kab fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing mode, comprising nangw /naŋʷ/ ‘imperative’, ñas /ɲas/ ‘conditional’ and mygqu /mɨkʼʷ/ ‘optative’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising qeñ /ʔəɲ/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising gqua /kʼʷa/ ‘passive’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising syng /sɨŋ/ ‘NEG’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing question, comprising nagqu /nakʼʷ/ ‘Q’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing comp, comprising -yp /-ɨp/ ‘not.COMP’ and -ach /-at͡ʃ/ ‘COMP’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -am /-am/ ‘begin’ and -ygk /-ɨkʼ/ ‘stop’

Maqyp kek.

[maʔɨp kək]

maʔ
love -ɨp
not.COMP kək
2

“I love you.”

 (11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

tyyty qyqat saigk kyngat

[t͡ɕɨt͡ɕ ʔɨʔat saikʼ kɨŋat]

t͡ɕɨt͡ɕ
in ʔɨʔ
table -at
NOM saikʼ
the kɨŋ
surface -at
NOM

“on the table”

 (12)
gquees hangwẽtyat saigk bbaihat

[kʼʷəːs haŋʷə̃t͡ɕat saikʼ ɓaihat]

kʼʷəːs
to haŋʷə̃t͡ɕ
box -at
NOM saikʼ
the ɓaih
inside -at
NOM

“into the box”

 (13)
gquenaung gkaagqu

[kʼʷənauŋ kʼaːkʼʷ]

kʼʷənauŋ
COMIT kʼaːkʼʷ
1excl

“with me”

 (14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Kab employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Kab.

Qequaabbyty saigk qeñ tyaañyp shefechat saigk.

[ʔəkʷaːɓɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ t͡ɕaːɲɨp ʃəfət͡ʃat saikʼ]

ʔəkʷaːɓ
jaguar -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST t͡ɕaːɲ
kill -ɨp
not.COMP ʃəfət͡ʃ
hunter -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

 (15)
Machaityyty saigk qeñ nyñyp shefecheñ saigk makeñ saigk tyañat saigk.

[mat͡ʃait͡ɕɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ nɨɲɨp ʃəfət͡ʃəɲ saikʼ makəɲ saikʼ t͡ɕaɲat saikʼ]

mat͡ʃait͡ɕ
lion -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST nɨɲ
eat -ɨp
not.COMP ʃəfət͡ʃ
hunter -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the mak
daughter -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the t͡ɕaɲ
dog -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

 (16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Kab reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Kab expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

kek maicheñ saigk ngaaneñ saigk bbyykat saigk

[kək mait͡ʃəɲ saikʼ ŋaːnəɲ saikʼ ɓɨːkat saikʼ]

kək
2 mait͡ʃ
son -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the ŋaːn
friend -əɲ
GEN saikʼ
the ɓɨːk
book -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“your son’s friend’s book”

 (17)

Case Marking

Kab uses split case marking. In the present tense, the grammar follows a nominative–accusative pattern, where intransitive and transitive subjects are treated alike and objects are marked with the accusative. In the past tense, however, it follows an ergative–absolutive pattern, here called ergative–nominative, where intransitive subjects and transitive objects are treated alike and transitive subjects are marked with the ergative. This makes sense because present-tense clauses often describe events as ongoing, habitual or controlled by an active participant, so the grammar treats the subject as the central argument. Past-tense clauses, by contrast, often present an event as completed, making the affected participant especially salient. The ergative marking then singles out the transitive agent as the additional participant responsible for bringing about that result.

Sainat saigk tyyshyp.

[sainat saikʼ t͡ɕɨʃɨp]

sain
cat -at
NOM saikʼ
the t͡ɕɨʃ
sleep -ɨp
not.COMP

“The cat is sleeping.”

 (18)
Sainat saigk paatyyp.

[sainat saikʼ paːt͡ɕɨp]

sain
cat -at
NOM saikʼ
the paːt͡ɕ
run -ɨp
not.COMP

“The cat is running.”

 (19)
Sainat saigk tyagkaibbyp satyefysh saigk.

[sainat saikʼ t͡ɕakʼaiɓɨp sat͡ɕəfɨʃ saikʼ]

sain
cat -at
NOM saikʼ
the t͡ɕakʼaiɓ
chase -ɨp
not.COMP sat͡ɕəf
mouse -ɨʃ
ACC saikʼ
the

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

 (20)
Sainyty saigk qeñ quamyp satyefat saigk.

[sainɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷamɨp sat͡ɕəfat saikʼ]

sain
cat -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷam
catch -ɨp
not.COMP sat͡ɕəf
mouse -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“The cat caught the mouse.”

 (21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

Shefechyty saigk qeñ tyaañyp qequaabbat saigk shyñ fangaungwat saigk shyñ machaityat saigk.

[ʃəfət͡ʃɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ t͡ɕaːɲɨp ʔəkʷaːɓat saikʼ ʃɨɲ faŋauŋʷat saikʼ ʃɨɲ mat͡ʃait͡ɕat saikʼ]

ʃəfət͡ʃ
hunter -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST t͡ɕaːɲ
kill -ɨp
not.COMP ʔəkʷaːɓ
jaguar -at
NOM saikʼ
the ʃɨɲ
and faŋauŋʷ
tiger -at
NOM saikʼ
the ʃɨɲ
and mat͡ʃait͡ɕ
lion -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

 (22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Kab provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Kab forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

Qeñ gkechysyp sainat saigk.

[ʔəɲ kʼət͡ʃɨsɨp sainat saikʼ]

ʔəɲ
PAST kʼət͡ʃɨs
pat -ɨp
not.COMP sain
cat -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“I patted the cat.”

 (23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

Qeñ gkechysyp sainyty saigk qeñ quamach satyefat saigk.

[ʔəɲ kʼət͡ʃɨsɨp sainɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷamat͡ʃ sat͡ɕəfat saikʼ]

ʔəɲ
PAST kʼət͡ʃɨs
pat -ɨp
not.COMP sain
cat -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷam
catch -at͡ʃ
COMP sat͡ɕəf
mouse -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

 (24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

Qeñ gkechysyp sainyty saigk qeñ quamach satyefyty saigk qeñ nyñach ngatyeemat saigk.

[ʔəɲ kʼət͡ʃɨsɨp sainɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷamat͡ʃ sat͡ɕəfɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ nɨɲat͡ʃ ŋat͡ɕəːmat saikʼ]

ʔəɲ
PAST kʼət͡ʃɨs
pat -ɨp
not.COMP sain
cat -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷam
catch -at͡ʃ
COMP sat͡ɕəf
mouse -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST nɨɲ
eat -at͡ʃ
COMP ŋat͡ɕəːm
cheese -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

 (25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

Qeñ gkechysyp sainyty saigk qeñ quamach satyefyty saigk qeñ nyñach gkaagqu qeñ naqach ngatyeemat saigk.

[ʔəɲ kʼət͡ʃɨsɨp sainɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷamat͡ʃ sat͡ɕəfɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ nɨɲat͡ʃ kʼaːkʼʷ ʔəɲ naʔat͡ʃ ŋat͡ɕəːmat saikʼ]

ʔəɲ
PAST kʼət͡ʃɨs
pat -ɨp
not.COMP sain
cat -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷam
catch -at͡ʃ
COMP sat͡ɕəf
mouse -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST nɨɲ
eat -at͡ʃ
COMP kʼaːkʼʷ
1excl ʔəɲ
PAST naʔ
buy -at͡ʃ
COMP ŋat͡ɕəːm
cheese -at
NOM saikʼ
the

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

 (26)

Complementation Strategies

Kab marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

Shaangwyty saigk qeñ kanach taigkygqu saigk ñapẽẽkat kyngw qeñ nachaanyp fycheesygqu saigk.

[ʃaːŋʷɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kanat͡ʃ taikʼɨkʼʷ saikʼ ɲapə̃ːkat kɨŋʷ ʔəɲ nat͡ʃaːnɨp fɨt͡ʃəːsɨkʼʷ saikʼ]

ʃaːŋʷ
boy -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kan
give -at͡ʃ
COMP taikʼ
girl -ɨkʼʷ
DAT saikʼ
the ɲapə̃ːk
apple -at
NOM kɨŋʷ
a ʔəɲ
PAST nat͡ʃaːn
surprise -ɨp
not.COMP fɨt͡ʃəːs
teacher -ɨkʼʷ
DAT saikʼ
the

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

 (27)

Quotes

Kab expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Shaangwyty saigk qeñ quẽẽmyp taigkygqu saigk gkaagqu maqach kek.

[ʃaːŋʷɨt͡ɕ saikʼ ʔəɲ kʷə̃ːmɨp taikʼɨkʼʷ saikʼ kʼaːkʼʷ maʔat͡ʃ kək]

ʃaːŋʷ
boy -ɨt͡ɕ
ERG saikʼ
the ʔəɲ
PAST kʷə̃ːm
tell -ɨp
not.COMP taikʼ
girl -ɨkʼʷ
DAT saikʼ
the kʼaːkʼʷ
1excl maʔ
love -at͡ʃ
COMP kək
2

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

 (28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Kab. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 27 July 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/15Z5E

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-15Z5E,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Kab}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/15Z5E}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 27 July 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Kab / Kab–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/15Z5E

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

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Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the grammar 0.07 seconds.