A Grammar of Jiz

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Jiz language (the 1089th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Jiz.

Typological Profile

It has not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as the VSO basic order, common globally but unusual in many families and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Jiz has a large consonant inventory, comprising 47 phonemes.

It has an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory, a maximally contrastive voicing system, a substantial inventory of palatal or palatalised consonants, a wide range of approximant contrasts and a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Jiz. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	dental	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	retroflex	velar	uvular	glottal
stop	p b		d t				c ɟ	ɖ ʈ	k ɡ	q	ʔ
nasal	m		n				ɲ	ɳ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap			r					ɽ
fricative	f v	ð θ	s z	ʃ ʒ	ɕ ʑ			ʂ ʐ	x ɣ	ʁ	h ɦ
approximant	w		ɹ			ʎ	j	ɻ
affricate			t͡s	d͡ʒ t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ

Vowels

Jiz has 5 vowel qualities. This places it within the broadly common range of mid-sized vowel inventories. The vowel chart shows the full set of contrasts employed in the language’s phonology.

It has a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Jiz. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back
close	i		u
mid	e		o
open		a

Stress and Tones

Jiz has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Jiz is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.

The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

а /a/	б /b/	в /v/	г /h/
д /d/	д̇ /ɖ/	е /e/	ж /ʒ/
з /z/	з̇ /ʐ/	и /i/	к /k/
л /l/	м /m/	н /n/	н̇ /ɳ/
о /o/	п /p/	р /r/	р̆ /ɹ/
р̇ /ɽ/	р̣ /ɻ/	с /s/	с̇ /ʂ/
т /t/	т̇ /ʈ/	у /u/	ф /f/
х /x/	ц /t͡s/	ч /t͡ʃ/	ш /ʃ/
щ /ɕ/	ѓ /ɟ/	ј /j/	љ /ʎ/
њ /ɲ/	ћ /t͡ɕ/	ќ /c/	ў /w/
џ /d͡ʒ/	ѳ /θ/	ґ /ɡ/	ғ /ɣ/
ҙ /ð/	һ /ɦ/	ӈ /ŋ/	ӏ /ʔ/
ӷ /ʁ/	ԛ /q/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

жь /ʑ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Jiz distinguishes singular, dual and plural.

Gender

Jiz has the following genders:

Gender masc – for instance: веб ‘head’, дафир̣ ‘mortar’, жѓар̇ур ‘God’, з̇дузар ‘court’, кужь ‘chair’, меһ ‘human being’, нижиг ‘net’, нифоӈ ‘root’, с̇тицет̇ ‘umbrella’, спањис ‘tower’, т̇ужьґуњ ‘binoculars’, фол ‘knife’, чуд ‘table’, шпуӏ ‘boy’, шуһ ‘father’, шӏас̇тед̇ ‘feather’, љуп ‘tongue’, ҙахаф ‘box’, ҙул ‘nose’, ԛаӏоч ‘machine’.

Gender fem – for instance: вамир ‘salt’, даӷоџ ‘fingernail’, жѓучиԛ ‘belly’, з̇бимак ‘anus’, з̇ићиғ ‘sand’, з̇уј ‘night’, зґаз ‘heart’, лаџиґ ‘ice’, р̆аҙ ‘mother’, р̇ер ‘manner’, рат̇об ‘medicine’, феј ‘top’, чањуј ‘student’, шпамен ‘flower’, шусԛур̣ ‘fat’, ѓусур ‘penis’, љож ‘girl’, ћеф ‘leaf’, џор̆ ‘wife’, ғињеӈ ‘ash’.

Gender neut – for instance: валиҙ ‘lion’, дуџоп ‘jaguar’, з̇иѓ ‘bird’, зиԛиԛ ‘louse’, р̣ажуќ ‘cloud’, с̇ог ‘east’, с̇пизиѓ ‘urine’, с̇ԛирас ‘fog’, сӏиҙер̇ ‘worm’, цахив ‘stick’, цуԛоб ‘tiger’, шт̇иф ‘fish’, шќас ‘leg’, љуж ‘rain’, ќичел ‘teacher’, ҙих ‘south’, һичиз̇ ‘lamb’, ӏаћ ‘wind’, ӏев ‘sea’, ԛуѳ ‘tree’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Jiz can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.fem
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-      </pp>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="&#x266; e &#x2C8; p">ɦeˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="f o &#x2C8; l">foˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="x u v i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x279; o &#x2C8;">ɹoˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="c a &#x2C8; &#x28E;">caˈʎ</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x28E; e &#x2C8; &#x281;">ʎeˈʁ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="&#x266; e &#x2C8; p">ɦeˈp</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="f o &#x2C8; l">foˈl</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="x u v i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x279; o &#x2C8;">ɹoˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="c a &#x2C8; &#x28E;">caˈʎ</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x28E; e &#x2C8; &#x281;">ʎeˈʁ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">ɦeˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">foˈl</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">ɹoˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">caˈʎ</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">ʎeˈʁ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɦep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈfol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xuˈvit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɹo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈcaʎ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʎeʁ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕquɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃað ˈɦep ˈt͡ʃaf ˈfol xuˈvit͡ɕ ˈɹoɲ skiˈʎas ˈcaʎ ˈʎeʁ ɕquɲ laɽ</p>
+  <p>даѓај р̇ал чаҙ һеп чаф фол хувић р̆оњ скиљас ќаљ љеӷ щԛуњ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>d-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɟ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɦep</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈfol</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xuˈvit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɹo</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈcaʎ</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʎeʁ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕquɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Даѓај р̇ал чаҙ һеп чаф фол хувић р̆оњ скиљас ќаљ љеӷ щԛуњ лар̇.

[ˈdaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃað ˈɦep ˈt͡ʃaf ˈfol xuˈvit͡ɕ ˈɹoɲ skiˈʎas ˈcaʎ ˈʎeʁ ɕquɲ laɽ]

d-
3.sing.fem.SUBJ ˈaɟ
catch -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ˈɦep
woman ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈfol
knife xuˈvit͡ɕ
COMIT ˈɹo
yon -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse ˈcaʎ
blind ˈʎeʁ
three ɕquɲ
plur laɽ
ACC

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

All nominal phrase clitics in Jiz are enclitics (placed finally), and there are two types: a clitic expressing number, comprising щиӈ /ɕiŋ/ ‘dual’ and щԛуњ /ɕquɲ/ ‘plur’ followed by a clitic expressing case, comprising лар̇ /laɽ/ ‘ACC’, гиғ /hiɣ/ ‘GEN’, зґуц /zɡut͡s/ ‘DAT’, фуќ /fuc/ ‘INS’, р̆аґ /ɹaɡ/ ‘VOC’, ѳар̆ /θaɹ/ ‘ALL’, шиф /ʃif/ ‘LOC’, щԛаљ /ɕqaʎ/ ‘ABL’ and лап /lap/ ‘PART’.

The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Jiz.

The Noun

The noun in Jiz stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The Adjective

The adjective in Jiz stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Jiz stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Jiz, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -ф /-f/ ‘masc’, -ҙ /-ð/ ‘fem’ and -њ /-ɲ/ ‘neut’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Jiz stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Jiz, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; i &#x2C8; w">ʐiˈw</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; i &#x2C8; w">ʐiˈw</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʐiˈw</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʐiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈjit͡ʃaj ˈʐiw laɽ</p>
+  <p>јичај з̇иў лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʐiw</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Јичај з̇иў лар̇.

[ˈjit͡ʃaj ˈʐiw laɽ]

j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈit͡ʃ
love -aj
not.Q ˈʐiw
3.sing.fem laɽ
ACC

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k a &#x2C8; &#x273;">kaˈɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; i &#x2C8; w">ʐiˈw</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k a &#x2C8; &#x273;">kaˈɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; i &#x2C8; w">ʐiˈw</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">kaˈɳ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʐiˈw</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkaɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʐiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈjit͡ʃaj ˈkaɳ ˈʐiw laɽ</p>
+  <p>јичај кан̇ з̇иў лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkaɳ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʐiw</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Јичај кан̇ з̇иў лар̇.

[ˈjit͡ʃaj ˈkaɳ ˈʐiw laɽ]

j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈit͡ʃ
love -aj
not.Q ˈkaɳ
3.sing.masc ˈʐiw
3.sing.fem laɽ
ACC

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Mareq hates Dazhed.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="a &#x282;+t i &#x2C8; z">aʂtiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Mareq" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes" ph="m a r e &#x2C8; q">mareˈq</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Dazhed" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes" ph="d a &#x290; e &#x2C8; &#x256;">daʐeˈɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Mareq hates Dazhed.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="a &#x282;+t i &#x2C8; z">aʂtiˈz</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Mareq" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes" ph="m a r e &#x2C8; q">mareˈq</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Dazhed" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes" ph="d a &#x290; e &#x2C8; &#x256;">daʐeˈɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">aʂtiˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Mareq" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes">mareˈq</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Dazhed" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes">daʐeˈɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʂtiz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;maˈreq&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Mareq&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daˈʐeɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Dazhed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>jaˈʂtizaj ˈt͡ʃaf maˈreq ˈt͡ʃað daˈʐeɖ laɽ</p>
+  <p>јас̇тизај чаф Мареԛ чаҙ Даз̇ед̇ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʂtiz</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>maˈreq</o>
+      <g>Mareq</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daˈʐeɖ</o>
+      <g>Dazhed</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Јас̇тизај чаф Мареԛ чаҙ Даз̇ед̇ лар̇.

[jaˈʂtizaj ˈt͡ʃaf maˈreq ˈt͡ʃað daˈʐeɖ laɽ]

j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈaʂtiz
hate -aj
not.Q ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc maˈreq
Mareq ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem daˈʐeɖ
Dazhed laɽ
ACC

“Mareq hates Dazhed.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕkuˈɳaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʃpuʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ</p>
+  <p>чаҙ щкун̇аж чаф шпуӏ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕkuˈɳaʒ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʃpuʔ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

чаҙ щкун̇аж чаф шпуӏ

[ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ɕkuˈɳaʒ
apple ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈʃpuʔ
boy

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k a &#x2C8; &#x273;">kaˈɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k a &#x2C8; &#x273;">kaˈɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">kaˈɳ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕkuˈɳaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈkaɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈkaɳ</p>
+  <p>чаҙ щкун̇аж кан̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕkuˈɳaʒ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈkaɳ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

чаҙ щкун̇аж кан̇

[ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈkaɳ]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ɕkuˈɳaʒ
apple ˈkaɳ
3.sing.masc

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʒaˈx</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕkuˈɳaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈʒax</p>
+  <p>чаҙ щкун̇аж жах</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕkuˈɳaʒ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒax</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

чаҙ щкун̇аж жах

[ˈt͡ʃað ɕkuˈɳaʒ ˈʒax]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ɕkuˈɳaʒ
apple ˈʒax
1excl.sing

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="masc">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.fem
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="a q a &#x2C8; p">aqaˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; m">ðaˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="t u &#x2C8; l">tuˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="&#x290;+&#x256; a &#x255;+k a &#x2C8; &#x282;">ʐɖaɕkaˈʂ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="a q a &#x2C8; p">aqaˈp</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; m">ðaˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="t u &#x2C8; l">tuˈl</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="&#x290;+&#x256; a &#x255;+k a &#x2C8; &#x282;">ʐɖaɕkaˈʂ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">aqaˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">ðaˈm</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">tuˈl</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">ʐɖaɕkaˈʂ</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaqap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈðam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʎuˈɹuʎ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʐɖaˈɕkaʂ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂpet͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>daˈqapaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃað ˈðam ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈtul ˈt͡ʃaɲ ʐɖaˈɕkaʂ ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ</p>
+  <p>даԛапај р̇ал чаҙ ҙам чаф љур̆уљ чаф тул чањ з̇д̇ащкас̇ с̇пећ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>d-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaqap</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈðam</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʎuˈɹuʎ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtul</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʐɖaˈɕkaʂ</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂpet͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Даԛапај р̇ал чаҙ ҙам чаф љур̆уљ чаф тул чањ з̇д̇ащкас̇ с̇пећ лар̇.

[daˈqapaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃað ˈðam ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈtul ˈt͡ʃaɲ ʐɖaˈɕkaʂ ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ]

d-
3.sing.fem.SUBJ ˈaqap
kiss -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ˈðam
daughter ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ʎuˈɹuʎ
hunter ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈtul
son ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ʐɖaˈɕkaʂ
neighbour ˈʂpet͡ɕ
2.sing laɽ
ACC

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

Jiz has no derivational processes.

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x266; i t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x290;">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x266; i t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x290;">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ</p>
+  <p>һичиз̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

һичиз̇

[ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ]

ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ
lamb

“a lamb”

(9)

Note how none show up here:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>want</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>have</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
          <noun>lamb</noun>
          <adj>little</adj>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>want</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>have</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-          <noun>lamb</noun>
-          <adj>little</adj>
+        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.fem
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; &#x255;+k">iˈɕk</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="o &#x2C8; z+b">oˈzb</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x266; i t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x290;">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="p o &#x2C8; &#x272;">poˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="d">d</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; &#x255;+k">iˈɕk</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="o &#x2C8; z+b">oˈzb</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x266; i t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x290;">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="p o &#x2C8; &#x272;">poˈɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">d</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">iˈɕk</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut">oˈzb</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">ɦit͡ʃiˈʐ</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">poˈɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈiɕk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;want&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈozb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpoɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdiɕkaj ɽal ˈjozbaj ɽal ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ ˈpoɲ laɽ niˈtur laɽ</p>
+  <p>дищкај р̇ал јозбај р̇ал һичиз̇ поњ лар̇ нитур лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>d-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈiɕk</o>
+      <g>want</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈozb</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpoɲ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

Дищкај р̇ал јозбај р̇ал һичиз̇ поњ лар̇ нитур лар̇.

[ˈdiɕkaj ɽal ˈjozbaj ɽal ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ ˈpoɲ laɽ niˈtur laɽ]

d-
3.sing.fem.SUBJ ˈiɕk
want -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈozb
have -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ɦiˈt͡ʃiʐ
lamb ˈpoɲ
little laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC

“She wanted to have a little lamb.”

(10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Jiz are enclitics (placed finally), and there are four types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising р̇ал /ɽal/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising з̇ґид̇ /ʐɡiɖ/ ‘imperative’, њуљ /ɲuʎ/ ‘conditional’ and буґ /buɡ/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising сќас /scas/ ‘passive’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising сќуӷ /scuʁ/ ‘NEG’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an obligatory prefix expressing subj, comprising г- /h-/ ‘1incl.sing’, х- /x-/ ‘1excl.sing’, с̇т̇- /ʂʈ-/ ‘2.sing’, ј- /j-/ ‘3.sing.masc’, д- /d-/ ‘3.sing.fem’, ќ- /c-/ ‘3.sing.neut’, џ- /d͡ʒ-/ ‘1incl.dual’, ѳ- /θ-/ ‘1excl.dual’, ґ- /ɡ-/ ‘2.dual’, т- /t-/ ‘3.dual.masc’, к- /k-/ ‘3.dual.fem’, б- /b-/ ‘3.dual.neut’, з- /z-/ ‘1incl.plur’, щ- /ɕ-/ ‘1excl.plur’, н- /n-/ ‘2.plur’, ӈ- /ŋ-/ ‘3.plur.masc’, ф- /f-/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and л- /l-/ ‘3.plur.neut’; second, the root; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing question, comprising -их /-ix/ ‘Q’ and -ај /-aj/ ‘not.Q’.

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂpet͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈxit͡ʃaj ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ</p>
+  <p>хичај с̇пећ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂpet͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Хичај с̇пећ лар̇.

[ˈxit͡ʃaj ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ]

x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈit͡ʃ
love -aj
not.Q ˈʂpet͡ɕ
2.sing laɽ
ACC

“I love you.”

(11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u &#x2C8; d">t͡ʃuˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="v e &#x2C8; n">veˈn</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u &#x2C8; d">t͡ʃuˈd</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="v e &#x2C8; n">veˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">t͡ʃuˈd</word>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">veˈn</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in_surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃaf ˈt͡ʃud ˈven</p>
+  <p>чаф чуд вен</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃud</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈven</o>
+      <g>in_surface</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

чаф чуд вен

[ˈt͡ʃaf ˈt͡ʃud ˈven]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈt͡ʃud
table ˈven
in_surface

“on the table”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="&#xF0; a x a &#x2C8; f">ðaxaˈf</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8; w">ʂiˈw</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="&#xF0; a x a &#x2C8; f">ðaxaˈf</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8; w">ʂiˈw</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ðaxaˈf</word>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">ʂiˈw</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðaˈxaf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂiw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to_inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃaf ðaˈxaf ˈʂiw</p>
+  <p>чаф ҙахаф с̇иў</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðaˈxaf</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂiw</o>
+      <g>to_inside</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

чаф ҙахаф с̇иў

[ˈt͡ʃaf ðaˈxaf ˈʂiw]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ðaˈxaf
box ˈʂiw
to_inside

“into the box”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="x u v i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="x u v i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">xuviˈt͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xuˈvit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʒax xuˈvit͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>жах хувић</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒax</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xuˈvit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

жах хувић

[ˈʒax xuˈvit͡ɕ]

ˈʒax
1excl.sing xuˈvit͡ɕ
COMIT

“with me”

(14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

The basic constituent order of Jiz is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Jiz.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="a &#x2C8; d">aˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="d u d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; p">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="a &#x2C8; d">aˈd</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="d u d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; p">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">aˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duˈd͡ʒop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʎuˈɹuʎ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈcadaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ duˈd͡ʒop ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ laɽ</p>
+  <p>ќадај р̇ал чањ дуџоп чаф љур̆уљ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈad</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duˈd͡ʒop</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʎuˈɹuʎ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

Ќадај р̇ал чањ дуџоп чаф љур̆уљ лар̇.

[ˈcadaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ duˈd͡ʒop ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ laɽ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈad
kill -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut duˈd͡ʒop
jaguar ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ʎuˈɹuʎ
hunter laɽ
ACC

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="ACC" role="obj">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing" case="ACC">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="v a l i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">valiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC" ph="&#x261; i &#x2C8; &#x282;">ɡiˈʂ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; m">ðaˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="v a l i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">valiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC" ph="&#x261; i &#x2C8; &#x282;">ɡiˈʂ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; m">ðaˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">valiˈð</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">ɡiˈʂ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">ðaˈm</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vaˈlið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɡiʂ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈðam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʎuˈɹuʎ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ vaˈlið ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈɡiʂ ˈt͡ʃað ˈðam ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ laɽ</p>
+  <p>ќитај р̇ал чањ валиҙ чањ ґис̇ чаҙ ҙам чаф љур̆уљ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>vaˈlið</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɡiʂ</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈðam</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʎuˈɹuʎ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Ќитај р̇ал чањ валиҙ чањ ґис̇ чаҙ ҙам чаф љур̆уљ лар̇.

[ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ vaˈlið ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈɡiʂ ˈt͡ʃað ˈðam ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ laɽ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈit
eat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut vaˈlið
lion ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈɡiʂ
dog ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ˈðam
daughter ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ʎuˈɹuʎ
hunter laɽ
ACC

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Jiz reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Jiz expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="b u k">buk</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʒɟuˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t u &#x2C8; l">tuˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="b u k">buk</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʒɟuˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="t u &#x2C8; l">tuˈl</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">buk</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">tuˈl</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;buk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟut͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂpet͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈt͡ʃaf buk ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟut͡ɕ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈtul ˈʂpet͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>чаф бук чањ жѓућ чаф тул с̇пећ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>buk</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟut͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtul</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂpet͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

чаф бук чањ жѓућ чаф тул с̇пећ

[ˈt͡ʃaf buk ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟut͡ɕ ˈt͡ʃaf ˈtul ˈʂpet͡ɕ]

ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc buk
book ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟut͡ɕ
friend ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈtul
son ˈʂpet͡ɕ
2.sing

“your son’s friend’s book”

(17)

Case Marking

Jiz uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x290;">aˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x290;">aˈʐ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">aˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈcaʐaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ</p>
+  <p>ќаз̇ај чањ жѓужь</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaʐ</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Ќаз̇ај чањ жѓужь.

[ˈcaʐaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈaʐ
sleep -aj
not.Q ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat

“The cat is sleeping.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; s+t">iˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" ph="i &#x2C8; s+t">iˈst</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut">iˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈcistaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ</p>
+  <p>ќистај чањ жѓужь</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈist</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Ќистај чањ жѓужь.

[ˈcistaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈist
run -aj
not.Q ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat

“The cat is running.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="e m a &#x2C8; n">emaˈn</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="e m a &#x2C8; n">emaˈn</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">emaˈn</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈeman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ceˈmanaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ</p>
+  <p>ќеманај чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈeman</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Ќеманај чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇.

[ceˈmanaj ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈeman
chase -aj
not.Q ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse laɽ
ACC

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ</p>
+  <p>ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɟ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇.

[ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈaɟ
catch -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse laɽ
ACC

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+        <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
      </np>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    </np>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; d">aˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d u d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; p">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s a &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s u q o &#x2C8; b">t͡suqoˈb</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s a &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="v a l i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">valiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; d">aˈd</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x28E; u &#x279; u &#x2C8; &#x28E;">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d u d&#x361;&#x292; o &#x2C8; p">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s a &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;s u q o &#x2C8; b">t͡suqoˈb</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s a &#x2C8; d&#x361;&#x292;">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="v a l i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">valiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="&#x255;+q u &#x272;">ɕquɲ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">aˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʎuɹuˈʎ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">dud͡ʒoˈp</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">t͡suqoˈb</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">saˈd͡ʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">valiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">ɕquɲ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʎuˈɹuʎ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duˈd͡ʒop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕquɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈsad͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡suˈqob&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕquɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈsad͡ʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;vaˈlið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕquɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈjadaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ ˈt͡ʃaɲ duˈd͡ʒop ɕquɲ ˈsad͡ʒ ˈt͡ʃaɲ t͡suˈqob ɕquɲ ˈsad͡ʒ ˈt͡ʃaɲ vaˈlið ɕquɲ laɽ</p>
+  <p>јадај р̇ал чаф љур̆уљ чањ дуџоп щԛуњ саџ чањ цуԛоб щԛуњ саџ чањ валиҙ щԛуњ лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈad</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʎuˈɹuʎ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duˈd͡ʒop</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕquɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈsad͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡suˈqob</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕquɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈsad͡ʒ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>vaˈlið</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕquɲ</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Јадај р̇ал чаф љур̆уљ чањ дуџоп щԛуњ саџ чањ цуԛоб щԛуњ саџ чањ валиҙ щԛуњ лар̇.

[ˈjadaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ʎuˈɹuʎ ˈt͡ʃaɲ duˈd͡ʒop ɕquɲ ˈsad͡ʒ ˈt͡ʃaɲ t͡suˈqob ɕquɲ ˈsad͡ʒ ˈt͡ʃaɲ vaˈlið ɕquɲ laɽ]

j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈad
kill -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ʎuˈɹuʎ
hunter ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut duˈd͡ʒop
jaguar ɕquɲ
plur ˈsad͡ʒ
and ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut t͡suˈqob
tiger ɕquɲ
plur ˈsad͡ʒ
and ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut vaˈlið
lion ɕquɲ
plur laɽ
ACC

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Jiz provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Jiz forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈujuɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ laɽ</p>
+  <p>хујуґај р̇ал чањ жѓужь лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈujuɡ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Хујуґај р̇ал чањ жѓужь лар̇.

[xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ laɽ]

x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈujuɡ
pat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat laɽ
ACC

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈujuɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ niˈtur laɽ</p>
+  <p>хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇ нитур лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈujuɡ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɟ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь чањ скиљас лар̇ нитур лар̇.

[xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas laɽ niˈtur laɽ]

x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈujuɡ
pat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈaɟ
catch -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
+              <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+              <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-            </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-          </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x283;+t a &#x2C8; s">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x283;+t a &#x2C8; s">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈujuɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʁiˈʃtas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas ˈt͡ʃað ʁiˈʃtas laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ</p>
+  <p>хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь ќитај р̇ал чањ скиљас чаҙ ӷиштас лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈujuɡ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɟ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʁiˈʃtas</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь ќитај р̇ал чањ скиљас чаҙ ӷиштас лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇.

[xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas ˈt͡ʃað ʁiˈʃtas laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ]

x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈujuɡ
pat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈaɟ
catch -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈit
eat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ʁiˈʃtas
cheese laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
-              </relp>
+              </subs>
            </np>
-          </relp>
+          </subs>
        </np>
-      </relp>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <subs>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </subs>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <subs>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <subs>
-                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
+            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <subs>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
              </subs>
+              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
          </subs>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
                  <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
                </np>
-                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
              </subs>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
-            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
+              <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+              <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
              <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
              <subs>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
+                  <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+                  <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
                  <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
                  <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
                </np>
                <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
              </subs>
              <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
            <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
          </subs>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
-          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-            </np>
-            <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
-              <subs>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-                </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
-              </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-            </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-          </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">iˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x283;+t a &#x2C8; s">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="u j u &#x2C8; &#x261;">ujuˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut" ph="a &#x2C8; &#x25F;">aˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="&#x292;+&#x25F; u &#x2C8; &#x291;">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t">iˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" ph="s+k i &#x28E; a &#x2C8; s">skiʎaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">iˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x283;+t a &#x2C8; s">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">ujuˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">aˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">ʒɟuˈʑ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">iˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">skiʎaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">iˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">ʁiʃtaˈs</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈujuɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒɟuʑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;skiˈʎas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʁiˈʃtas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas ˈxiðaj ɽal ˈʒax ˈt͡ʃað ʁiˈʃtas laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ</p>
+  <p>хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь ќитај р̇ал чањ скиљас хиҙај р̇ал жах чаҙ ӷиштас лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈujuɡ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaɟ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒɟuʑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>skiˈʎas</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈið</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒax</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʁiˈʃtas</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Хујуґај р̇ал ќаѓај р̇ал чањ жѓужь ќитај р̇ал чањ скиљас хиҙај р̇ал жах чаҙ ӷиштас лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇ нитур лар̇.

[xuˈjuɡaj ɽal ˈcaɟaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ ˈʒɟuʑ ˈcitaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaɲ skiˈʎas ˈxiðaj ɽal ˈʒax ˈt͡ʃað ʁiˈʃtas laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ niˈtur laɽ]

x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈujuɡ
pat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈaɟ
catch -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut ˈʒɟuʑ
cat c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈit
eat -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut skiˈʎas
mouse x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈið
buy -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈʒax
1excl.sing ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ʁiˈʃtas
cheese laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Jiz introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
          <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut" ph="u t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x283;+p">ut͡ʃiˈʃp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">iˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x28E; o &#x2C8; &#x292;">ʎoˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" ph="c i t&#x361;&#x283; e l">cit͡ʃel</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="c">c</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut" ph="u t&#x361;&#x283; i &#x2C8; &#x283;+p">ut͡ʃiˈʃp</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">iˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x255;+k u &#x273; a &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x28E; o &#x2C8; &#x292;">ʎoˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="&#x272;">ɲ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut" ph="c i t&#x361;&#x283; e l">cit͡ʃel</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">c</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.neut">ut͡ʃiˈʃp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem">iˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">ɕkuɳaˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">ʎoˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">zɡut͡s</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">nituˈr</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɲ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">cit͡ʃel</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">zɡut͡s</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;c-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.neut.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈut͡ʃiʃp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʃpuʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɕkuˈɳaʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʎoʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zɡut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;cit͡ʃel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zɡut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>cuˈt͡ʃiʃpaj ɽal ˈjit͡saj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ ɕkuˈɳaʒ laɽ ˈt͡ʃað ˈʎoʒ zɡut͡s niˈtur ˈt͡ʃaɲ cit͡ʃel zɡut͡s</p>
+  <p>ќучишпај р̇ал јицај р̇ал чаф шпуӏ щкун̇аж лар̇ чаҙ љож зґуц нитур чањ ќичел зґуц</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>c-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈut͡ʃiʃp</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit͡s</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʃpuʔ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɕkuˈɳaʒ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʎoʒ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zɡut͡s</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɲ</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>cit͡ʃel</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zɡut͡s</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Ќучишпај р̇ал јицај р̇ал чаф шпуӏ щкун̇аж лар̇ чаҙ љож зґуц нитур чањ ќичел зґуц.

[cuˈt͡ʃiʃpaj ɽal ˈjit͡saj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ ɕkuˈɳaʒ laɽ ˈt͡ʃað ˈʎoʒ zɡut͡s niˈtur ˈt͡ʃaɲ cit͡ʃel zɡut͡s]

c-
3.sing.neut.SUBJ ˈut͡ʃiʃp
surprise -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈit͡s
give -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈʃpuʔ
boy ɕkuˈɳaʒ
apple laɽ
ACC ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ˈʎoʒ
girl zɡut͡s
DAT niˈtur
COMP ˈt͡ʃa
the -ɲ
neut cit͡ʃel
teacher zɡut͡s
DAT

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Jiz expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module embed:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">
+      <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+          <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
          <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
      <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
      <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
-      </subs>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="e &#x2C8; &#x282;+p">eˈʂp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x28E; o &#x2C8; &#x292;">ʎoˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="e &#x2C8; &#x282;+p">eˈʂp</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#x27D; a l">ɽal</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x283;+p u &#x2C8; &#x294;">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="a j">aj</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x292; a &#x2C8; x">ʒaˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x282;+p e &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="n i t u &#x2C8; r">nituˈr</word>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="l a &#x27D;">laɽ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a &#x2C8;">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="&#xF0;">ð</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x28E; o &#x2C8; &#x292;">ʎoˈʒ</word>
-    <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="z+&#x261; u t&#x361;s">zɡut͡s</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing.fem">eˈʂp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɽal</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">f</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʃpuˈʔ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">iˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">aj</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ʒaˈx</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="masc" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ʂpeˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1excl">nituˈr</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">laɽ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">t͡ʃaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">ð</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">ʎoˈʒ</word>
+    <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">zɡut͡s</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;j-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈeʂp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʃpuʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;x-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂpet͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niˈtur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;laɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ð&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʎoʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;zɡut͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈjeʂpaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ ˈxit͡ʃaj ˈʒax ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ niˈtur laɽ ˈt͡ʃað ˈʎoʒ zɡut͡s</p>
+  <p>јес̇пај р̇ал чаф шпуӏ хичај жах с̇пећ лар̇ нитур лар̇ чаҙ љож зґуц</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>j-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈeʂp</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽal</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʃpuʔ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>x-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aj</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒax</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂpet͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niˈtur</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>laɽ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ð</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʎoʒ</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>zɡut͡s</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Јес̇пај р̇ал чаф шпуӏ хичај жах с̇пећ лар̇ нитур лар̇ чаҙ љож зґуц.

[ˈjeʂpaj ɽal ˈt͡ʃaf ˈʃpuʔ ˈxit͡ʃaj ˈʒax ˈʂpet͡ɕ laɽ niˈtur laɽ ˈt͡ʃað ˈʎoʒ zɡut͡s]

j-
3.sing.masc.SUBJ ˈeʂp
tell -aj
not.Q ɽal
PAST ˈt͡ʃa
the -f
masc ˈʃpuʔ
boy x-
1excl.sing.SUBJ ˈit͡ʃ
love -aj
not.Q ˈʒax
1excl.sing ˈʂpet͡ɕ
2.sing laɽ
ACC niˈtur
COMP laɽ
ACC ˈt͡ʃa
the -ð
fem ˈʎoʒ
girl zɡut͡s
DAT

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Jiz. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 11 August 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/1F1EF

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-1F1EF,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Jiz}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/1F1EF}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 11 August 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Jiz / Jiz–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

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https://languagecreator.org/grammar/1F1EF

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