A Grammar of Genyi

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Genyi language (the 1st one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Genyi.

Typological Profile

It has the highly uncommon basic word order OVS, a rich system of noun classes, a small but genuine set of click consonants and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Genyi has 19 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a conspicuous absence of approximants and a small but genuine set of click consonants.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Genyi. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	dental	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	palatal	velar	glottal
stop	p b		d t				k ɡ
nasal	m		n			ɲ	ŋ
fricative	f		s	ʃ				h
affricate				t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ
click		ᵏǀ
click, nasal		ᵑǀ

Vowels

Genyi has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Genyi. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	back
close	i	u
mid	e	o
open	æ	ɑ

Stress and Tones

Genyi has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Genyi is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /ɑ/	b /b/	c /ᵏǀ/	d /d/
e /e/	f /f/	g /ɡ/	h /h/
i /i/	k /k/	m /m/	n /n/
o /o/	p /p/	s /s/	t /t/
u /u/	ä /æ/	ñ /ɲ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /ɑː/	ai /ai/	au /au/
ch /t͡ʃ/	ee /eː/	ii /iː/
nc /ᵑǀ/	ng /ŋ/	oo /oː/
sh /ʃ/	ty /t͡ɕ/	uu /uː/
ää /æː/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Genyi does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Genyi has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: bäki ‘rain’, chauma ‘cloud’, doga ‘sea’, fiisu ‘moon’, gidä ‘sky’, huni ‘farmer’, häkä ‘water’, maapu ‘name’, mooda ‘river’, ngeñi ‘friend’, pefi ‘snow’, pesä ‘stone’, piitya ‘stick’, poti ‘star’, shami ‘city’, tyaityu ‘fog’, tyädä ‘fire’, ñaña ‘neighbour’, ñengä ‘wind’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: bingu ‘mammal’, bubi ‘daughter’, ceni ‘son’, fofu ‘man’, gechä ‘child’, gugu ‘human being’, gupa ‘woman’, guuti ‘mother’, hauka ‘hunter’, hetä ‘wild boar’, hifi ‘boy’, kona ‘cat’, mäpu ‘lion’, pauku ‘mouse’, piimu ‘jaguar’, toña ‘snake’, tufi ‘worm’, tyasha ‘bird’, tyosa ‘louse’, ñetu ‘tiger’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: baimi ‘fat’, cini ‘salt’, fongu ‘smoke’, gainä ‘blood’, hiityi ‘ice’, kimi ‘faeces’, kopi ‘slime’, ncudi ‘dust’, shiñi ‘money’, tyicha ‘sand’, tyimi ‘ash’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: cenga ‘net’, chisha ‘bed’, cidä ‘rope’, faukä ‘road’, fiña ‘box’, munu ‘bottle’, näñi ‘binoculars’, paityi ‘umbrella’, sagi ‘book’, sautyi ‘knife’, shaiba ‘house’, sheefi ‘brick’, sochi ‘chair’, suuñi ‘tower’, tubä ‘machine’, tusa ‘table’, tyaibi ‘mortar’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: buusu ‘fruit’, cugi ‘west’, dishi ‘south’, fangi ‘north’, fasha ‘meat’, kungä ‘inside’, maini ‘east’, pita ‘seed’, poda ‘egg’, ticha ‘top’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: baatyi ‘breath’, bapu ‘manner’, cishi ‘day’, guunga ‘year’, kesi ‘night’, mañi ‘idea’, muña ‘time’, nadi ‘dialect’, ngaihu ‘sound’, paugi ‘fight’, sahu ‘speech’, sichä ‘language’, tuni ‘embrace’, tutya ‘colour’.

Class cl.7 – for instance: baishu ‘hand’, baiñi ‘bosom’, ciiñi ‘fingernail’, dängi ‘liver’, fääshi ‘plain’, gaingi ‘heart’, maangä ‘leg’, ngätyi ‘knee’, niifi ‘surface’, shengi ‘wing’, sifi ‘mouth’, soti ‘tail’, suhi ‘foot’, säsa ‘skin’, taikä ‘face’, tiñi ‘guts’, toma ‘horn’, toni ‘penis’, tyiisä ‘tooth’, ñaina ‘neck’.

Class cl.8 – for instance: bisä ‘anus’, chaibu ‘cheese’, ciichu ‘urine’, duudä ‘apple’, fauhi ‘breast’, geñi ‘Genyi’, gichi ‘root’, kaubä ‘sun’, kääsu ‘flower’, mepi ‘tree’, ncemi ‘bark’, nciiga ‘hair’, nudä ‘wheat’.

Class cl.9 – for instance: chafä ‘forest’, dachi ‘earth’, daunu ‘ear’, duufi ‘tongue’, kigi ‘mountain’, ngidä ‘lake’, paifu ‘nose’, saigi ‘eye’, tyaunga ‘land’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Genyi can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+          <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|d|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ŋ|e|b|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ɡ|u|p|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|s|au|t͡ɕ|i|</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|p|uː|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |h|o|
#-> ho
### |h|o|
#-> ho
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |p|au|k|u|
#-> pauku
### |p|au|k|u|
#-> pauku
### |ŋ|e|b|i|
#-> ŋebi
### |ŋ|e|b|i|
#-> ŋebi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ɡ|u|p|ɑ|
#-> ɡupɑ
### |ɡ|u|p|ɑ|
#-> ɡupɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |s|au|t͡ɕ|i|
#-> saut͡ɕi
### |s|au|t͡ɕ|i|
#-> saut͡ɕi
### |p|uː|
#-> puː
### |p|uː|
#-> puː
### |h|o||f||u|d|æ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||p|au|k|u| |ŋ|e|b|i| |ɡ|i| |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||ɡ|u|p|ɑ| |n|ɑ||s|au|t͡ɕ|i| |p|uː|
#-> hofudæ dæ nɑpauku ŋebi ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑɡupɑ nɑsaut͡ɕi puː

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|d|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ŋ|e|b|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ɡ|u|p|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|s|au|t͡ɕ|i|</word>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|p|uː|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-udæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pauku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋebi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀɑːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡupɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;saut͡ɕi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;puː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>hofudæ dæ nɑpauku ŋebi ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑɡupɑ nɑsaut͡ɕi puː</p>
+  <p>hofudä dä napauku ngebi gi caanga na dä nagupa nasautyi Puu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ho</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-udæ</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pauku</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋebi</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀɑːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡupɑ</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>saut͡ɕi</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>puː</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### hofudæ dæ nɑpauku ŋebi ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑɡupɑ nɑsaut͡ɕi puː
#-> hofudæ dæ nɑpauku ŋebi ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑɡupɑ nɑsaut͡ɕi puː

Hide workings for example 1.

Hofudä dä napauku ngebi gi caanga na dä nagupa nasautyi Puu.

[hofudæ dæ nɑpauku ŋebi ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑɡupɑ nɑsaut͡ɕi puː]

ho
yon -f
NOM -udæ
cl.2 dæ
three nɑ-
def pauku
mouse ŋebi
blind ɡi
PAST ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
catch nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def ɡupɑ
woman nɑ-
def saut͡ɕi
knife puː
COMIT

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Genyi consists of an optional prefix expressing def, comprising na- /nɑ-/ ‘def’ followed by the root.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ni /-ni/ ‘little’ and -hi /-hi/ ‘big’

The Adjective

The adjective in Genyi stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Genyi stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Genyi, the determiner has the following structure: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -f /-f/ ‘NOM’, -ch /-t͡ʃ/ ‘DAT’, -k /-k/ ‘INS’, -n /-n/ ‘VOC’, -b /-b/ ‘ALL’, -s /-s/ ‘LOC’, -g /-ɡ/ ‘ABL’ and -sh /-ʃ/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -ibä /-ibæ/ ‘cl.1’, -udä /-udæ/ ‘cl.2’, -amä /-ɑmæ/ ‘cl.3’, -anä /-ɑnæ/ ‘cl.4’, -uda /-udɑ/ ‘cl.5’, -utä /-utæ/ ‘cl.6’, -unu /-unu/ ‘cl.7’, -ätya /-æt͡ɕɑ/ ‘cl.8’ and -ushu /-uʃu/ ‘cl.9’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Genyi has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising b- /b-/ ‘sing’ and g- /ɡ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.

initial XML:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
      <noun>tiger</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>be</verb>
      <adj>happy</adj>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <noun>tiger</noun>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>be</verb>
-      <adj>happy</adj>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
-    </np>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
-      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur

addaffixes:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <s connector="because">
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
  </s>
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
-  <s connector="because">
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-  </s>
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ɲ|e|t|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|t͡ɕ|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɡ|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|uː|ɡ|æ|</word>
+    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|f|oː|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|t͡ʃ|æ|ɲ|u|</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|n|u|ŋ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|n|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɡ|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|e|f|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ɲ|e|t|u|
#-> ɲetu
### |ɲ|e|t|u|
#-> ɲetu
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |t͡ɕ|ɑ|
#-> t͡ɕɑ
### |t͡ɕ|ɑ|
#-> t͡ɕɑ
### |ɡ|-
#-> ɡ-
### |ɡ|-
#-> ɡ-
### |uː|ɡ|æ|
#-> uːɡæ
### |uː|ɡ|æ|
#-> uːɡæ
### |f|oː|
#-> foː
### |f|oː|
#-> foː
### |t͡ʃ|æ|ɲ|u|
#-> t͡ʃæɲu
### |t͡ʃ|æ|ɲ|u|
#-> t͡ʃæɲu
### |n|u|ŋ|æ|
#-> nuŋæ
### |n|u|ŋ|æ|
#-> nuŋæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|i|
#-> ni
### |n|i|
#-> ni
### |ɡ|-
#-> ɡ-
### |ɡ|-
#-> ɡ-
### |e|f|æ|
#-> efæ
### |e|f|æ|
#-> efæ
### |n|ɑ||ɲ|e|t|u| |ɡ|i| |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ| |n|ɑ| |t͡ɕ|ɑ| |ɡ||uː|ɡ|æ| |f|oː| |t͡ʃ|æ|ɲ|u| |n|u|ŋ|æ| |n|ɑ| |n|i| |ɡ||e|f|æ|
#-> nɑɲetu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ t͡ɕɑ ɡuːɡæ foː t͡ʃæɲu nuŋæ nɑ ni ɡefæ

removetags:

<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ɲ|e|t|u|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.plur">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">|t͡ɕ|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɡ|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|uː|ɡ|æ|</word>
    <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|f|oː|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|t͡ʃ|æ|ɲ|u|</word>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="happy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|n|u|ŋ|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">|n|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɡ|-</thingy>
    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|e|f|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲetu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dait͡ɕæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.plur.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːɡæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;foː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;because&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃæɲu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nuŋæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;happy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl.plur.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;efæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl.plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑɲetu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ t͡ɕɑ ɡuːɡæ foː t͡ʃæɲu nuŋæ nɑ ni ɡefæ</p>
+  <p>nañetu gi daityä na tya guugä foo chäñu nungä na ni gefä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲetu</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dait͡ɕæ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕɑ</o>
+      <g>1excl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːɡæ</o>
+      <g>1excl.plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>foː</o>
+      <g>because</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃæɲu</o>
+      <g>be</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nuŋæ</o>
+      <g>happy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ni</o>
+      <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>efæ</o>
+      <g>1incl.plur</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑɲetu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ t͡ɕɑ ɡuːɡæ foː t͡ʃæɲu nuŋæ nɑ ni ɡefæ
#-> nɑɲetu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ t͡ɕɑ ɡuːɡæ foː t͡ʃæɲu nuŋæ nɑ ni ɡefæ

Hide workings for example 2.

Nañetu gi daityä na tya guugä foo chäñu nungä na ni gefä.

[nɑɲetu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ t͡ɕɑ ɡuːɡæ foː t͡ʃæɲu nuŋæ nɑ ni ɡefæ]

nɑ-
def ɲetu
tiger ɡi
PAST dait͡ɕæ
kill nɑ
indicative t͡ɕɑ
1excl.plur.SUBJ ɡ-
plur uːɡæ
1excl.plur foː
because t͡ʃæɲu
be nuŋæ
happy nɑ
indicative ni
1incl.plur.SUBJ ɡ-
plur efæ
1incl.plur

“Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.”

(2)

Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ɲɑt͡ʃi
### |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ɲɑt͡ʃi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |b||o|ɲ|æ| |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |b||o|ɲ|æ|
#-> boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑt͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ</p>
+  <p>boñä ñachi na dä boñä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑt͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ
#-> boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ

Hide workings for example 3.

Boñä ñachi na dä boñä.

[boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ]

b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2 ɲɑt͡ʃi
love nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(3)

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑt͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ</p>
+  <p>boñä ñachi na dä boñä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑt͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ
#-> boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ

Hide workings for example 4.

Boñä ñachi na dä boñä.

[boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ]

b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2 ɲɑt͡ʃi
love nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2

“He loves her.”

(4)

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑt͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ</p>
+  <p>boñä ñachi na dä boñä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑt͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ
#-> boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ

Hide workings for example 5.

Boñä ñachi na dä boñä.

[boɲæ ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ dæ boɲæ]

b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2 ɲɑt͡ʃi
love nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2

“He loves her.”

(5)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Hanya hates Koba.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Koba" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ᵑǀ|o|b|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|m|e|s|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Hanya" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|ɑː|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ᵑǀ|o|b|ɑ|
#-> ᵑǀobɑ
### |ᵑǀ|o|b|ɑ|
#-> ᵑǀobɑ
### |m|e|s|i|
#-> mesi
### |m|e|s|i|
#-> mesi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|ɑː|ɲ|æ|
#-> hɑːɲæ
### |h|ɑː|ɲ|æ|
#-> hɑːɲæ
### |n|ɑ||ᵑǀ|o|b|ɑ| |m|e|s|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||h|ɑː|ɲ|æ|
#-> nɑᵑǀobɑ mesi nɑ dæ nɑhɑːɲæ

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Hanya hates Koba.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Koba" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|ᵑǀ|o|b|ɑ|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|m|e|s|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="Hanya" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|ɑː|ɲ|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵑǀobɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Koba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hɑːɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Hanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑᵑǀobɑ mesi nɑ dæ nɑhɑːɲæ</p>
+  <p>naNcoba mesi na dä naHaañä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵑǀobɑ</o>
+      <g>Koba</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mesi</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hɑːɲæ</o>
+      <g>Hanya</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑᵑǀobɑ mesi nɑ dæ nɑhɑːɲæ
#-> nɑᵑǀobɑ mesi nɑ dæ nɑhɑːɲæ

Hide workings for example 6.

NaNcoba mesi na dä naHaañä.

[nɑᵑǀobɑ mesi nɑ dæ nɑhɑːɲæ]

nɑ-
def ᵑǀobɑ
Koba mesi
hate nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def hɑːɲæ
Hanya

“Hanya hates Koba.”

(6)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|i|f|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|i|f|i|
#-> hifi
### |h|i|f|i|
#-> hifi
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |n|ɑ||h|i|f|i| |n|ɑ||d|uː|d|æ|
#-> nɑhifi nɑduːdæ

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|i|f|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hifi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duːdæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑhifi nɑduːdæ</p>
+  <p>nahifi naduudä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hifi</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duːdæ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑhifi nɑduːdæ
#-> nɑhifi nɑduːdæ

Hide workings for example 7.

nahifi naduudä

[nɑhifi nɑduːdæ]

nɑ-
def hifi
boy nɑ-
def duːdæ
apple

“the boy’s apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |o|ɲ|æ|
#-> oɲæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |b||o|ɲ|æ| |n|ɑ||d|uː|d|æ|
#-> boɲæ nɑduːdæ

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|o|ɲ|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;oɲæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duːdæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>boɲæ nɑduːdæ</p>
+  <p>boñä naduudä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>oɲæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duːdæ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### boɲæ nɑduːdæ
#-> boɲæ nɑduːdæ

Hide workings for example 8.

boñä naduudä

[boɲæ nɑduːdæ]

b-
sing oɲæ
3.sing.cl.2 nɑ-
def duːdæ
apple

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(8)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ai|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |b||ai|n|i| |n|ɑ||d|uː|d|æ|
#-> baini nɑduːdæ

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ai|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duːdæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>baini nɑduːdæ</p>
+  <p>baini naduudä</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duːdæ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### baini nɑduːdæ
#-> baini nɑduːdæ

Hide workings for example 9.

baini naduudä

[baini nɑduːdæ]

b-
sing aini
1excl.sing nɑ-
def duːdæ
apple

“my apple”

(9)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
-        </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ɲ|ɑ|ɲ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|ᵏǀ|e|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|k|i|m|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|b|u|b|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ɲ|ɑ|ɲ|ɑ|
#-> ɲɑɲɑ
### |ɲ|ɑ|ɲ|ɑ|
#-> ɲɑɲɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ᵏǀ|e|n|i|
#-> ᵏǀeni
### |ᵏǀ|e|n|i|
#-> ᵏǀeni
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |k|i|m|u|
#-> kimu
### |k|i|m|u|
#-> kimu
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |b|u|b|i|
#-> bubi
### |b|u|b|i|
#-> bubi
### |b||ɑ|h|u| |n|ɑ||ɲ|ɑ|ɲ|ɑ| |n|ɑ||ᵏǀ|e|n|i| |ɡ|i| |k|i|m|u| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||h|au|k|ɑ| |n|ɑ||b|u|b|i|
#-> bɑhu nɑɲɑɲɑ nɑᵏǀeni ɡi kimu nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ɲ|ɑ|ɲ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|ᵏǀ|e|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|k|i|m|u|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|b|u|b|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɑhu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑɲɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀeni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kimu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haukɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bubi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>bɑhu nɑɲɑɲɑ nɑᵏǀeni ɡi kimu nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi</p>
+  <p>bahu nañaña naceni gi kimu na dä nahauka nabubi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɑhu</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑɲɑ</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀeni</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kimu</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haukɑ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bubi</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### bɑhu nɑɲɑɲɑ nɑᵏǀeni ɡi kimu nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi
#-> bɑhu nɑɲɑɲɑ nɑᵏǀeni ɡi kimu nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi

Hide workings for example 10.

Bahu nañaña naceni gi kimu na dä nahauka nabubi.

[bɑhu nɑɲɑɲɑ nɑᵏǀeni ɡi kimu nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi]

b-
sing ɑhu
2.sing nɑ-
def ɲɑɲɑ
neighbour nɑ-
def ᵏǀeni
son ɡi
PAST kimu
kiss nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def haukɑ
hunter nɑ-
def bubi
daughter

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(10)

Derivation

Genyi has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/def/optional

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|b|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|ɑː|d|ɑ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|au|
#-> bau
### |b|au|
#-> bau
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### |n|ɑː|d|ɑ|
#-> nɑːdɑ
### |n|ɑː|d|ɑ|
#-> nɑːdɑ
### |b|au||f||u|d|æ| |n|ɑː|d|ɑ|
#-> baufudæ nɑːdɑ

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|b|au|</word>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|ɑː|d|ɑ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-udæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑːdɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>baufudæ nɑːdɑ</p>
+  <p>baufudä naada</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>bau</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-udæ</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑːdɑ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### baufudæ nɑːdɑ
#-> baufudæ nɑːdɑ

Hide workings for example 11.

baufudä naada

[baufudæ nɑːdɑ]

bau
a -f
NOM -udæ
cl.2 nɑːdɑ
lamb

“a lamb”

(11)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|b|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|ɑː|d|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||n||i|||||</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|au|
#-> bau
### |b|au|
#-> bau
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### -|u|d|æ|
#-> -udæ
### |n|ɑː|d|ɑ|
#-> nɑːdɑ
### |n|ɑː|d|ɑ|
#-> nɑːdɑ
### -|||n||i|||||
#-> -ni
### -|||n||i|||||
#-> -ni
### |b|au||f||u|d|æ| |n|ɑː|d|ɑ||||n||i|||||
#-> baufudæ nɑːdɑni

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|b|au|</word>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">-|u|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|ɑː|d|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||n||i|||||</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-udæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑːdɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>baufudæ nɑːdɑni</p>
+  <p>baufudä naadani</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>bau</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-udæ</o>
+      <g>cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑːdɑ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ni</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### baufudæ nɑːdɑni
#-> baufudæ nɑːdɑni

Hide workings for example 12.

baufudä naadani

[baufudæ nɑːdɑni]

bau
a -f
NOM -udæ
cl.2 nɑːdɑ
lamb -ni
little

“a little lamb”

(12)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Genyi fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing voice, comprising tyi /t͡ɕi/ ‘passive’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising gi /ɡi/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising na /nɑ/ ‘indicative’, ña /ɲɑ/ ‘conditional’ and chu /t͡ʃu/ ‘optative’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising nu /nu/ ‘NEG’; fifth, a clitic expressing subj, comprising bi /bi/ ‘1incl.sing’, nä /næ/ ‘1excl.sing’, ngi /ŋi/ ‘2.sing’, dä /dæ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, su /su/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, fi /fi/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, fä /fæ/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, pä /pæ/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, mi /mi/ ‘3.sing.cl.7’, mä /mæ/ ‘3.sing.cl.8’, tyä /t͡ɕæ/ ‘3.sing.cl.9’, ni /ni/ ‘1incl.plur’, tya /t͡ɕɑ/ ‘1excl.plur’, chu /t͡ʃu/ ‘2.plur’, hä /hæ/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, sä /sæ/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ñi /ɲi/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, nga /ŋɑ/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, hi /hi/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’, ki /ki/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’, kä /kæ/ ‘3.plur.cl.7’, na /nɑ/ ‘3.plur.cl.8’ and sa /sɑ/ ‘3.plur.cl.9’; and finally, sixth, a clitic expressing question, comprising pa /pɑ/ ‘Q’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -kä /-kæ/ ‘begin’ and -di /-di/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ɲɑt͡ʃi
### |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ɲɑt͡ʃi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |b||ɑ|h|u| |ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i| |n|ɑ| |n|æ| |b||ai|n|i|
#-> bɑhu ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ næ baini

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|ɑ|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɑhu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲɑt͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>bɑhu ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ næ baini</p>
+  <p>bahu ñachi na nä baini</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɑhu</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲɑt͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### bɑhu ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ næ baini
#-> bɑhu ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ næ baini

Hide workings for example 13.

Bahu ñachi na nä baini.

[bɑhu ɲɑt͡ʃi nɑ næ baini]

b-
sing ɑhu
2.sing ɲɑt͡ʃi
love nɑ
indicative næ
1excl.sing.SUBJ b-
sing aini
1excl.sing

“I love you.”

(13)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|t|u|s|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">|n|iː|f|i|</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|h|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |t|u|s|ɑ|
#-> tusɑ
### |t|u|s|ɑ|
#-> tusɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|iː|f|i|
#-> niːfi
### |n|iː|f|i|
#-> niːfi
### |h|i|
#-> hi
### |h|i|
#-> hi
### |n|ɑ||t|u|s|ɑ| |n|ɑ||n|iː|f|i| |h|i|
#-> nɑtusɑ nɑniːfi hi

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|t|u|s|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.7">|n|iː|f|i|</word>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|h|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tusɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niːfi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑtusɑ nɑniːfi hi</p>
+  <p>natusa naniifi hi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tusɑ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niːfi</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hi</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑtusɑ nɑniːfi hi
#-> nɑtusɑ nɑniːfi hi

Hide workings for example 14.

natusa naniifi hi

[nɑtusɑ nɑniːfi hi]

nɑ-
def tusɑ
table nɑ-
def niːfi
surface hi
in

“on the table”

(14)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|f|i|ɲ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">|k|u|ŋ|æ|</word>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|p|eː|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |f|i|ɲ|ɑ|
#-> fiɲɑ
### |f|i|ɲ|ɑ|
#-> fiɲɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |k|u|ŋ|æ|
#-> kuŋæ
### |k|u|ŋ|æ|
#-> kuŋæ
### |p|eː|
#-> peː
### |p|eː|
#-> peː
### |n|ɑ||f|i|ɲ|ɑ| |n|ɑ||k|u|ŋ|æ| |p|eː|
#-> nɑfiɲɑ nɑkuŋæ peː

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">|f|i|ɲ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.5">|k|u|ŋ|æ|</word>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|p|eː|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fiɲɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kuŋæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;peː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑfiɲɑ nɑkuŋæ peː</p>
+  <p>nafiña nakungä pee</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fiɲɑ</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kuŋæ</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>peː</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑfiɲɑ nɑkuŋæ peː
#-> nɑfiɲɑ nɑkuŋæ peː

Hide workings for example 15.

nafiña nakungä pee

[nɑfiɲɑ nɑkuŋæ peː]

nɑ-
def fiɲɑ
box nɑ-
def kuŋæ
inside peː
to

“into the box”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender: No change.

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|p|uː|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |p|uː|
#-> puː
### |p|uː|
#-> puː
### |b||ai|n|i| |p|uː|
#-> baini puː

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|p|uː|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;puː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>baini puː</p>
+  <p>baini Puu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>puː</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### baini puː
#-> baini puː

Hide workings for example 16.

baini Puu

[baini puː]

b-
sing aini
1excl.sing puː
COMIT

“with me”

(16)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Genyi has Object–Verb–Subject (OVS) as its basic constituent order. Clauses begin with the object, followed by the verb, with the subject in final position. This is a rare but attested configuration in the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Genyi.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|p|iː|m|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |p|iː|m|u|
#-> piːmu
### |p|iː|m|u|
#-> piːmu
### |n|ɑ||h|au|k|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||p|iː|m|u|
#-> nɑhaukɑ ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑpiːmu

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|p|iː|m|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haukɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dait͡ɕæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;piːmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑhaukɑ ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑpiːmu</p>
+  <p>nahauka gi daityä na dä napiimu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haukɑ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dait͡ɕæ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>piːmu</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑhaukɑ ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑpiːmu
#-> nɑhaukɑ ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑpiːmu

Hide workings for example 17.

Nahauka gi daityä na dä napiimu.

[nɑhaukɑ ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑpiːmu]

nɑ-
def haukɑ
hunter ɡi
PAST dait͡ɕæ
kill nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def piːmu
jaguar

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(17)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|b|u|b|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|s|ɑː|d|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|m|æ|p|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |b|u|b|i|
#-> bubi
### |b|u|b|i|
#-> bubi
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |s|ɑː|d|i|
#-> sɑːdi
### |s|ɑː|d|i|
#-> sɑːdi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |m|æ|p|u|
#-> mæpu
### |m|æ|p|u|
#-> mæpu
### |n|ɑ||h|au|k|ɑ| |n|ɑ||b|u|b|i| |n|ɑ||s|ɑː|d|i| |ɡ|i| |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||m|æ|p|u|
#-> nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi nɑsɑːdi ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑmæpu

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|b|u|b|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|s|ɑː|d|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|m|æ|p|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haukɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bubi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sɑːdi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋɑŋi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæpu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi nɑsɑːdi ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑmæpu</p>
+  <p>nahauka nabubi nasaadi gi ngangi na dä namäpu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haukɑ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bubi</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sɑːdi</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋɑŋi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæpu</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi nɑsɑːdi ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑmæpu
#-> nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi nɑsɑːdi ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑmæpu

Hide workings for example 18.

Nahauka nabubi nasaadi gi ngangi na dä namäpu.

[nɑhaukɑ nɑbubi nɑsɑːdi ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑmæpu]

nɑ-
def haukɑ
hunter nɑ-
def bubi
daughter nɑ-
def sɑːdi
dog ɡi
PAST ŋɑŋi
eat nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def mæpu
lion

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(18)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Genyi reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Genyi expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly: No change.

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics: No change.

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|ᵏǀ|e|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ŋ|e|ɲ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">|s|ɑ|ɡ|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |ɑ|h|u|
#-> ɑhu
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ᵏǀ|e|n|i|
#-> ᵏǀeni
### |ᵏǀ|e|n|i|
#-> ᵏǀeni
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ŋ|e|ɲ|i|
#-> ŋeɲi
### |ŋ|e|ɲ|i|
#-> ŋeɲi
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |s|ɑ|ɡ|i|
#-> sɑɡi
### |s|ɑ|ɡ|i|
#-> sɑɡi
### |b||ɑ|h|u| |n|ɑ||ᵏǀ|e|n|i| |n|ɑ||ŋ|e|ɲ|i| |n|ɑ||s|ɑ|ɡ|i|
#-> bɑhu nɑᵏǀeni nɑŋeɲi nɑsɑɡi

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|ɑ|h|u|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">|ᵏǀ|e|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">|ŋ|e|ɲ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">|s|ɑ|ɡ|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɑhu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀeni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋeɲi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sɑɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>bɑhu nɑᵏǀeni nɑŋeɲi nɑsɑɡi</p>
+  <p>bahu naceni nangeñi nasagi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɑhu</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀeni</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋeɲi</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sɑɡi</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### bɑhu nɑᵏǀeni nɑŋeɲi nɑsɑɡi
#-> bɑhu nɑᵏǀeni nɑŋeɲi nɑsɑɡi

Hide workings for example 19.

bahu naceni nangeñi nasagi

[bɑhu nɑᵏǀeni nɑŋeɲi nɑsɑɡi]

b-
sing ɑhu
2.sing nɑ-
def ᵏǀeni
son nɑ-
def ŋeɲi
friend nɑ-
def sɑɡi
book

“your son’s friend’s book”

(19)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|p|iː|m|u|</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|ɲ|e|t|u|</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|m|æ|p|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |p|iː|m|u|
#-> piːmu
### |p|iː|m|u|
#-> piːmu
### |k|æ|
#-> kæ
### |k|æ|
#-> kæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |ɲ|e|t|u|
#-> ɲetu
### |ɲ|e|t|u|
#-> ɲetu
### |k|æ|
#-> kæ
### |k|æ|
#-> kæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |m|æ|p|u|
#-> mæpu
### |m|æ|p|u|
#-> mæpu
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|
#-> dait͡ɕæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> haukɑ
### |n|ɑ||p|iː|m|u| |k|æ| |n|ɑ||ɲ|e|t|u| |k|æ| |n|ɑ||m|æ|p|u| |ɡ|i| |d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||h|au|k|ɑ|
#-> nɑpiːmu kæ nɑɲetu kæ nɑmæpu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|p|iː|m|u|</word>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|ɲ|e|t|u|</word>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|k|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme">|m|æ|p|u|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|d|ai|t͡ɕ|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|au|k|ɑ|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;piːmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲetu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæpu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dait͡ɕæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haukɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑpiːmu kæ nɑɲetu kæ nɑmæpu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ</p>
+  <p>napiimu kä nañetu kä namäpu gi daityä na dä nahauka</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>piːmu</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kæ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲetu</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kæ</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæpu</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dait͡ɕæ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haukɑ</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑpiːmu kæ nɑɲetu kæ nɑmæpu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ
#-> nɑpiːmu kæ nɑɲetu kæ nɑmæpu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ

Hide workings for example 20.

Napiimu kä nañetu kä namäpu gi daityä na dä nahauka.

[nɑpiːmu kæ nɑɲetu kæ nɑmæpu ɡi dait͡ɕæ nɑ dæ nɑhaukɑ]

nɑ-
def piːmu
jaguar kæ
and nɑ-
def ɲetu
tiger kæ
and nɑ-
def mæpu
lion ɡi
PAST dait͡ɕæ
kill nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def haukɑ
hunter

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(20)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Genyi provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Genyi forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |k|o|n|ɑ|
#-> konɑ
### |k|o|n|ɑ|
#-> konɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |n|ɑ||k|o|n|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |ŋ|e|t|æ| |n|ɑ| |n|æ| |b||ai|n|i|
#-> nɑkonɑ ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;konɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋetæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑkonɑ ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini</p>
+  <p>nakona gi ngetä na nä baini</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>konɑ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋetæ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑkonɑ ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini
#-> nɑkonɑ ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini

Hide workings for example 21.

Nakona gi ngetä na nä baini.

[nɑkonɑ ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini]

nɑ-
def konɑ
cat ɡi
PAST ŋetæ
pat nɑ
indicative næ
1excl.sing.SUBJ b-
sing aini
1excl.sing

“I patted the cat.”

(21)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" comma="after">|p|au|k|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" comma="after">|p|au|k|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋetæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;konɑ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀɑːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pauku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku</p>
+  <p>gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋetæ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>konɑ,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀɑːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pauku</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku
#-> ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku

Hide workings for example 22.

Gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku.

[ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(22)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
+            <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
+              <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" comma="after">|t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |k|o|n|ɑ|,
#-> konɑ,
### |k|o|n|ɑ|,
#-> konɑ,
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |p|au|k|u|,
#-> pauku,
### |p|au|k|u|,
#-> pauku,
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|
#-> t͡ʃaibu
### |t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|
#-> t͡ʃaibu
### |ɡ|i| |ŋ|e|t|æ| |n|ɑ| |n|æ| |b||ai|n|i| |n|ɑ||k|o|n|ɑ|, |b||uː|ŋ|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||p|au|k|u|, |b||uː|ŋ|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|
#-> ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.8">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" comma="after">|t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋetæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;konɑ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀɑːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pauku,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋɑŋi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃaibu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu</p>
+  <p>gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku, buunga gi ngangi na dä nachaibu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋetæ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>konɑ,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀɑːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pauku,</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋɑŋi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃaibu</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu
#-> ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu

Hide workings for example 23.

Gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku, buunga gi ngangi na dä nachaibu.

[ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu]

ɡi
PAST ŋetæ
pat nɑ
indicative næ
1excl.sing.SUBJ b-
sing aini
1excl.sing nɑ-
def konɑ,
cat b-
sing uːŋɑ
RELPRON ɡi
PAST ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
catch nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def pauku,
mouse b-
sing uːŋɑ
RELPRON ɡi
PAST ŋɑŋi
eat nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def t͡ʃaibu
cheese

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(23)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles: No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
    </np>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
+            <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
              <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
              <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
+                <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" person="1excl">
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.8" number="sing">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.8" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8">|t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">|n|oː|f|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |ŋ|e|t|æ|
#-> ŋetæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |k|o|n|ɑ|,
#-> konɑ,
### |k|o|n|ɑ|,
#-> konɑ,
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> ᵏǀɑːŋɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |p|au|k|u|,
#-> pauku,
### |p|au|k|u|,
#-> pauku,
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|
#-> ŋɑŋi
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|,
#-> t͡ʃaibu,
### |t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|,
#-> t͡ʃaibu,
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |uː|ŋ|ɑ|
#-> uːŋɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |n|oː|f|ɑ|
#-> noːfɑ
### |n|oː|f|ɑ|
#-> noːfɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |n|æ|
#-> næ
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |b|-
#-> b-
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ai|n|i|
#-> aini
### |ɡ|i| |ŋ|e|t|æ| |n|ɑ| |n|æ| |b||ai|n|i| |n|ɑ||k|o|n|ɑ|, |b||uː|ŋ|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||p|au|k|u|, |b||uː|ŋ|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|, |b||uː|ŋ|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |n|oː|f|ɑ| |n|ɑ| |n|æ| |b||ai|n|i|
#-> ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu, buːŋɑ ɡi noːfɑ nɑ næ baini

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ŋ|e|t|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">|ai|n|i|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|k|o|n|ɑ|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ᵏǀ|ɑː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.2">|p|au|k|u|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.2">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|ŋ|ɑ|ŋ|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8">|t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.8">|t͡ʃ|ai|b|u|,</word>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" gender="cl.8">|uː|ŋ|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" subj="1excl.sing">|n|oː|f|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">|n|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|b|-</thingy>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" comma="after">|ai|n|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋetæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;konɑ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀɑːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pauku,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋɑŋi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃaibu,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;uːŋɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;noːfɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;b-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;aini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu, buːŋɑ ɡi noːfɑ nɑ næ baini</p>
+  <p>gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku, buunga gi ngangi na dä nachaibu, buunga gi noofa na nä baini</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋetæ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>konɑ,</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀɑːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pauku,</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋɑŋi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃaibu,</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>uːŋɑ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>noːfɑ</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>b-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>aini</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu, buːŋɑ ɡi noːfɑ nɑ næ baini
#-> ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu, buːŋɑ ɡi noːfɑ nɑ næ baini

Hide workings for example 24.

Gi ngetä na nä baini nakona, buunga gi caanga na dä napauku, buunga gi ngangi na dä nachaibu, buunga gi noofa na nä baini.

[ɡi ŋetæ nɑ næ baini nɑkonɑ, buːŋɑ ɡi ᵏǀɑːŋɑ nɑ dæ nɑpauku, buːŋɑ ɡi ŋɑŋi nɑ dæ nɑt͡ʃaibu, buːŋɑ ɡi noːfɑ nɑ næ baini]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(24)

Complementation Strategies

Genyi marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic: No change.

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

NOT IMPLEMENTED

module subordinate: No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions: No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
-      </subs>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+        </vp>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking: No change.

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber: No change.

module propagatenumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.8
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/def/optional
Got def

addaffixes:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
      <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
      <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
          <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
          <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+          <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|ɑ|h|ɑ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">|m|ɑ|t|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">|p|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">|b|au|</word>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8">-|æ|t͡ɕ|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|u|s|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|f|ɑ|t|i|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|i|f|i|</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|ɑ|h|ɑ|
#-> hɑhɑ
### |h|ɑ|h|ɑ|
#-> hɑhɑ
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |m|ɑ|t|æ|
#-> mɑtæ
### |m|ɑ|t|æ|
#-> mɑtæ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |p|æ|
#-> pæ
### |p|æ|
#-> pæ
### |b|au|
#-> bau
### |b|au|
#-> bau
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|f|
#-> -f
### -|æ|t͡ɕ|ɑ|
#-> -æt͡ɕɑ
### -|æ|t͡ɕ|ɑ|
#-> -æt͡ɕɑ
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |d|uː|d|æ|
#-> duːdæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|u|s|i|
#-> nusi
### |n|u|s|i|
#-> nusi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |ɡ|i|
#-> ɡi
### |f|ɑ|t|i|
#-> fɑti
### |f|ɑ|t|i|
#-> fɑti
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |n|ɑ|
#-> nɑ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |d|æ|
#-> dæ
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |n|ɑ|-
#-> nɑ-
### |h|i|f|i|
#-> hifi
### |h|i|f|i|
#-> hifi
### |n|ɑ||h|ɑ|h|ɑ| |ɡ|i| |m|ɑ|t|æ| |n|ɑ| |p|æ| |b|au||f||æ|t͡ɕ|ɑ| |d|uː|d|æ| |n|ɑ||n|u|s|i| |ɡ|i| |f|ɑ|t|i| |n|ɑ| |d|æ| |n|ɑ||h|i|f|i|
#-> nɑhɑhɑ ɡi mɑtæ nɑ pæ baufæt͡ɕɑ duːdæ nɑnusi ɡi fɑti nɑ dæ nɑhifi

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|ɑ|h|ɑ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.6">|m|ɑ|t|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ">|p|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">|b|au|</word>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|f|</thingy>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.8">-|æ|t͡ɕ|ɑ|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.8">|d|uː|d|æ|</word>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|n|u|s|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɡ|i|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.8" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">|f|ɑ|t|i|</word>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|n|ɑ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">|d|æ|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def">|n|ɑ|-</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">|h|i|f|i|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hɑhɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mɑtæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;pæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;bau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æt͡ɕɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;duːdæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nusi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fɑti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dæ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hifi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>nɑhɑhɑ ɡi mɑtæ nɑ pæ baufæt͡ɕɑ duːdæ nɑnusi ɡi fɑti nɑ dæ nɑhifi</p>
+  <p>nahaha gi matä na pä baufätya duudä nanusi gi fati na dä nahifi</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hɑhɑ</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mɑtæ</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>pæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>bau</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æt͡ɕɑ</o>
+      <g>cl.8</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>duːdæ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nusi</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡi</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fɑti</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dæ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑ-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hifi</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

### nɑhɑhɑ ɡi mɑtæ nɑ pæ baufæt͡ɕɑ duːdæ nɑnusi ɡi fɑti nɑ dæ nɑhifi
#-> nɑhɑhɑ ɡi mɑtæ nɑ pæ baufæt͡ɕɑ duːdæ nɑnusi ɡi fɑti nɑ dæ nɑhifi

Hide workings for example 25.

Nahaha gi matä na pä baufätya duudä nanusi gi fati na dä nahifi.

[nɑhɑhɑ ɡi mɑtæ nɑ pæ baufæt͡ɕɑ duːdæ nɑnusi ɡi fɑti nɑ dæ nɑhifi]

nɑ-
def hɑhɑ
teacher ɡi
PAST mɑtæ
surprise nɑ
indicative pæ
3.sing.cl.6.SUBJ bau
a -f
NOM -æt͡ɕɑ
cl.8 duːdæ
apple nɑ-
def nusi
girl ɡi
PAST fɑti
give nɑ
indicative dæ
3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ nɑ-
def hifi
boy

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(25)

Quotes

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Miscellaneous

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Genyi / Genyi–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2G8SN

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

How to cite this grammar:

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Genyi. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 12 April 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2G8SN

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-2G8SN,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Genyi}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2G8SN}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 12 April 2026}
}

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