A Grammar of Ashana
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Ashana language (the 3rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Ashana.
Typological Profile
It has the highly uncommon basic word order OVS, a small but genuine set of click consonants and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Ashana has 23 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.
It has a small but genuine set of click consonants, a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Ashana. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | lateral | palatal | retroflex | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p | t | ʈ | k | |||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ɳ | ŋ | ||||
| trill/tap/flap | ɽ | ||||||||
| fricative | f | s | ʃ | ʂ | x | h | |||
| approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||||
| click | ᵏǀ | ||||||||
| click, nasal | ᵑǀ |
Vowels
Ashana has 7 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a triangular vowel system with few low vowels and front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin).The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Ashana. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front unrounded | front rounded | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | y | u | |
| mid | ə | |||
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Ashana has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/.
Writing System
Introduction
Ashana is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.
The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ə /ə/ | а /a/ | в /w/ | г /h/ |
| и /i/ | к /k/ | л /l/ | м /m/ |
| н /n/ | н̇ /ɳ/ | п /p/ | р̇ /ɽ/ |
| с /s/ | с̇ /ʂ/ | т /t/ | т̇ /ʈ/ |
| у /u/ | ф /f/ | х /x/ | ч /t͡ʃ/ |
| ш /ʃ/ | ј /j/ | њ /ɲ/ | ү /y/ |
| ӈ /ŋ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| əː /əː/ | аа /aː/ | ай /ai/ |
| аў /au/ | ии /iː/ | уу /uː/ |
| ҁн /ᵑǀ/ | ҁт /ᵏǀ/ | үү /yː/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Ashana does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Ashana has the following genders:
Gender fem – for instance: əњаӈа ‘apple’, айгају ‘child’, аймаја ‘south’, айн̇ун̇и ‘tiger’, айшили ‘east’, акули ‘day’, апас̇и ‘sand’, апаја ‘cheese’, аўван̇у ‘urine’, аўсуви ‘seed’, иигивə ‘tooth’, иимəн̇ə ‘dog’, ихашə ‘smoke’, иӈəт̇ə ‘egg’, укəња ‘teacher’, ур̇əлу ‘night’, уус̇уња ‘mother’, уӈана ‘woman’, үсича ‘face’, үчучə ‘west’.
Gender masc – for instance: əːфичи ‘chair’, əмин̇у ‘thin’, əфикə ‘back’, əшат̇и ‘straight’, аачата ‘round’, асаса ‘small’, иикəки ‘little’, иичан̇а ‘dry’, икити ‘mammal’, икичə ‘net’, ис̇əр̇и ‘wet’, ијəсу ‘left’, ут̇ина ‘tree’, уун̇ана ‘bark’, уфəњу ‘people’, үвит̇ə ‘green’, үнафи ‘red’, үнир̇и ‘long’, үүшиги ‘furious’, үүӈат̇ə ‘bottle’.
Gender neut – for instance: əкифи ‘speech’, əчар̇а ‘sea’, аајəмə ‘colour’, айвију ‘nose’, айкифа ‘plain’, аймита ‘root’, айфапи ‘breast’, алин̇ə ‘lamb’, ар̇уӈа ‘earth’, ањипу ‘fish’, аўсиха ‘embrace’, аўтипи ‘bosom’, игəхə ‘mouth’, итива ‘star’, ичави ‘snow’, увир̇и ‘leg’, унəњи ‘flower’, уупихə ‘friend’, уухапи ‘sound’, үсиӈə ‘land’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Ashana can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatoryGot plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|p|ə|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|f|i|f|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|ŋ|a|n|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|ə|ɳ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|əː|ˈ|ɲ|i|p|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|-#-> ɲ-
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|
#-> ˈilaxa
### |i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|
#-> ˈilaxa
### |p|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈpə
### |p|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈpə
### |t͡ʃ|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃu
### |t͡ʃ|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃu
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |i|ˈ|f|i|f|a|
#-> ˈififa
### |i|ˈ|f|i|f|a|
#-> ˈififa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |u|ˈ|ŋ|a|n|a|
#-> ˈuŋana
### |u|ˈ|ŋ|a|n|a|
#-> ˈuŋana
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ɳ|-
#-> əɳ-
### |ə|ɳ|-
#-> əɳ-
### |əː|ˈ|ɲ|i|p|i|
#-> ˈəːɲipi
### |əː|ˈ|ɲ|i|p|i|
#-> ˈəːɲipi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃuː
### |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃuː
### |ɲ||ə|ŋ||i|ˈ|l|a|x|a| |p|ə|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|u|ˈ||s|u| |k|i| |s||a|l||i|ˈ|f|i|f|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |s|əː|ˈ|n|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||u|ˈ|ŋ|a|n|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |s||ə|ɳ||əː|ˈ|ɲ|i|p|i| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ɲəˈŋilaxa ˈpə ˈt͡ʃusu ki saˈlififa ˈfuːpa ˈsəːnu ɲə xə səˈxuŋana ˈfuːsu səˈɳəːɲipi ˈfuːpa ˈt͡ʃuː
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|p|ə|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|t͡ʃ|u|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|f|i|f|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|ŋ|a|n|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|ə|ɳ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|əː|ˈ|ɲ|i|p|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈilaxa</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpə</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃu</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈififa</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəːnu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuŋana</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əɳ-</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəːɲipi</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃuː</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲəˈŋilaxa ˈpə ˈt͡ʃusu ki saˈlififa ˈfuːpa ˈsəːnu ɲə xə səˈxuŋana ˈfuːsu səˈɳəːɲipi ˈfuːpa ˈt͡ʃuː</p>
+ <p>њəӈилаха пə чусу ки салифифа фуупа сəːну њə хə сəхуӈана фуусу сəн̇əːњипи фуупа Чуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈilaxa</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpə</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃu</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈififa</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəːnu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈuŋana</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əɳ-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəːɲipi</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃuː</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲəˈŋilaxa ˈpə ˈt͡ʃusu ki saˈlififa ˈfuːpa ˈsəːnu ɲə xə səˈxuŋana ˈfuːsu səˈɳəːɲipi ˈfuːpa ˈt͡ʃuː#-> ɲəˈŋilaxa ˈpə ˈt͡ʃusu ki saˈlififa ˈfuːpa ˈsəːnu ɲə xə səˈxuŋana ˈfuːsu səˈɳəːɲipi ˈfuːpa ˈt͡ʃuː
Њəӈилаха пə чусу ки салифифа фуупа сəːну њə хə сəхуӈана фуусу сəн̇əːњипи фуупа Чуу. [ɲəˈŋilaxa ˈpə ˈt͡ʃusu ki saˈlififa ˈfuːpa ˈsəːnu ɲə xə səˈxuŋana ˈfuːsu səˈɳəːɲipi ˈfuːpa ˈt͡ʃuː] ɲ- plur əŋ- ACC ˈilaxa mouse ˈpə three ˈt͡ʃu yon -su fem ki 3.sing.masc.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈififa blind ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈsəːnu catch ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈuŋana woman ˈfuː the -su fem s- sing əɳ- LOC ˈəːɲipi knife ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈt͡ʃuː COMIT “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising гə /hə/ ‘1incl.sing’, вə /wə/ ‘1excl.sing’, ну /nu/ ‘2.sing’, ки /ki/ ‘3.sing.masc’, р̇а /ɽa/ ‘3.sing.fem’, чə /t͡ʃə/ ‘3.sing.neut’, са /sa/ ‘1incl.plur’, на /na/ ‘1excl.plur’, ги /hi/ ‘2.plur’, су /su/ ‘3.plur.masc’, фу /fu/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and ту /tu/ ‘3.plur.neut’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Ashana.
The Noun
The noun in Ashana consists of first, an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising с- /s-/ ‘sing’ and њ- /ɲ-/ ‘plur’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising əх- /əx-/ ‘NOM’, уј- /uj-/ ‘ERG’, əӈ- /əŋ-/ ‘ACC’, ал- /al-/ ‘GEN’, ан- /an-/ ‘DAT’, ус- /us-/ ‘INS’, əл- /əl-/ ‘VOC’, ум- /um-/ ‘ALL’, əн̇- /əɳ-/ ‘LOC’, ат- /at-/ ‘ABL’ and уч- /ut͡ʃ-/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, the root.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ха /-xa/ ‘little’ and -ки /-ki/ ‘big’
The Adjective
In Ashana, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -н̇и /-ɳi/ ‘plur’.
Numerals
The numeral in Ashana stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Ashana, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -па /-pa/ ‘masc’, -су /-su/ ‘fem’ and -ну /-nu/ ‘neut’.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Ashana stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for happy/noun/number/obligatory
calling defaultval for number/
defaultval: noun, number
returning sing
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for happy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|x|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ᵑǀ|ai|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|əː|ˈ|ʈ|u|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaiɳuɳi
### |ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaiɳuɳi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈxu
### |x|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈxu
### |ᵑǀ|ai|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈᵑǀaina
### |ᵑǀ|ai|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈᵑǀaina
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |əː|ˈ|ʈ|u|j|a|
#-> ˈəːʈuja
### |əː|ˈ|ʈ|u|j|a|
#-> ˈəːʈuja
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s||ə|ŋ||ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |x|u|ˈ| |ᵑǀ|ai|ˈ|n|a| |s||ə|x||əː|ˈ|ʈ|u|j|a| |x|ə|
#-> səˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə ˈxu ˈᵑǀaina səˈxəːʈuja xə
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.plur">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|x|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|ᵑǀ|ai|ˈ|n|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|əː|ˈ|ʈ|u|j|a|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaiɳuɳi</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀiɲu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxu</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀaina</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəːʈuja</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə ˈxu ˈᵑǀaina səˈxəːʈuja xə</p>
+ <p>сəӈайн̇ун̇и фуусу ҁтињу њə хə ху ҁнайна сəхəːт̇уја хə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaiɳuɳi</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀiɲu</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈxu</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵑǀaina</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəːʈuja</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə ˈxu ˈᵑǀaina səˈxəːʈuja xə#-> səˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə ˈxu ˈᵑǀaina səˈxəːʈuja xə
Сəӈайн̇ун̇и фуусу ҁтињу њə хə ху ҁнайна сəхəːт̇уја хə. [səˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə ˈxu ˈᵑǀaina səˈxəːʈuja xə] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈaiɳuɳi tiger ˈfuː the -su fem ˈᵏǀiɲu kill ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈxu because ˈᵑǀaina be s- sing əx- NOM ˈəːʈuja happy xə indicative “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optionalGot POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|u|ˈ|#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |f|u|ˈ| |k|u|ˈ|k|u| |x|ə|
#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkuku</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈfu ˈkuku xə</p>
+ <p>фу куку хə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkuku</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈfu ˈkuku xə#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə
Фу куку хə. [ˈfu ˈkuku xə] ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈkuku love xə indicative “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optionalGot POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|l|ai|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|u|ˈ|#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈlai
### |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈlai
### |f|u|ˈ| |k|u|ˈ|k|u| |x|ə| |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə ˈlai
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|l|ai|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkuku</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈfu ˈkuku xə ˈlai</p>
+ <p>фу куку хə лай</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkuku</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈlai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈfu ˈkuku xə ˈlai#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə ˈlai
Фу куку хə лай. [ˈfu ˈkuku xə ˈlai] ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈkuku love xə indicative ˈlai 3.sing.masc “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optionalGot POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|u|ˈ|#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |f|u|ˈ| |k|u|ˈ|k|u| |x|ə|
#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkuku</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈfu ˈkuku xə</p>
+ <p>фу куку хə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkuku</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈfu ˈkuku xə#-> ˈfu ˈkuku xə
Фу куку хə. [ˈfu ˈkuku xə] ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈkuku love xə indicative “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Ipifa hates Arangu."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Arangu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|ɽ|a|ŋ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|n|i|ˈ|ɽ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Ipifa" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|p|i|f|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |a|ˈ|ɽ|a|ŋ|u|
#-> ˈaɽaŋu
### |a|ˈ|ɽ|a|ŋ|u|
#-> ˈaɽaŋu
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |n|i|ˈ|ɽ|i|
#-> ˈniɽi
### |n|i|ˈ|ɽ|i|
#-> ˈniɽi
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |i|ˈ|p|i|f|a|
#-> ˈipifa
### |i|ˈ|p|i|f|a|
#-> ˈipifa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s||ə|ŋ||a|ˈ|ɽ|a|ŋ|u| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |n|i|ˈ|ɽ|i| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||i|ˈ|p|i|f|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> səˈŋaɽaŋu ˈfuːsu ˈniɽi xə səˈxipifa ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Ipifa hates Arangu.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Arangu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|ɽ|a|ŋ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|n|i|ˈ|ɽ|i|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Ipifa" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|p|i|f|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaɽaŋu</span><br><span class="gls">Arangu</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈniɽi</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈipifa</span><br><span class="gls">Ipifa</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋaɽaŋu ˈfuːsu ˈniɽi xə səˈxipifa ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>сəӈАр̇аӈу фуусу нир̇и хə сəхИпифа фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaɽaŋu</o>
+ <g>Arangu</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈniɽi</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈipifa</o>
+ <g>Ipifa</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋaɽaŋu ˈfuːsu ˈniɽi xə səˈxipifa ˈfuːpa#-> səˈŋaɽaŋu ˈfuːsu ˈniɽi xə səˈxipifa ˈfuːpa
СəӈАр̇аӈу фуусу нир̇и хə сəхИпифа фуупа. [səˈŋaɽaŋu ˈfuːsu ˈniɽi xə səˈxipifa ˈfuːpa] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈaɽaŋu Arangu ˈfuː the -su fem ˈniɽi hate xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈipifa Ipifa ˈfuː the -pa masc “Ipifa hates Arangu.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈiɽuʃa
### |i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈiɽuʃa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s||ə|x||ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |k|i| |s||a|l||i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki saˈliɽuʃa ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəɲaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɽuʃa</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki saˈliɽuʃa ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>сəхəњаӈа фуусу ки салир̇уша фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəɲaŋa</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiɽuʃa</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki saˈliɽuʃa ˈfuːpa#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki saˈliɽuʃa ˈfuːpa
сəхəњаӈа фуусу ки салир̇уша фуупа [səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki saˈliɽuʃa ˈfuːpa] s- sing əx- NOM ˈəɲaŋa apple ˈfuː the -su fem ki 3.sing.masc.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈiɽuʃa boy ˈfuː the -pa masc “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|l|ai|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈlai
### |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> ˈlai
### |s||ə|x||ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |k|i| |l|ai|ˈ|
#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki ˈlai
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|l|ai|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəɲaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlai</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki ˈlai</p>
+ <p>сəхəњаӈа фуусу ки лай</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəɲaŋa</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈlai</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki ˈlai#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki ˈlai
сəхəњаӈа фуусу ки лай [səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu ki ˈlai] s- sing əx- NOM ˈəɲaŋa apple ˈfuː the -su fem ki 3.sing.masc.POSS ˈlai 3.sing.masc “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|w|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |w|ə|
#-> wə
### |w|ə|
#-> wə
### |s||ə|x||ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |w|ə|
#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu wə
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|w|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəɲaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wə</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu wə</p>
+ <p>сəхəњаӈа фуусу вə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəɲaŋa</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>wə</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu wə#-> səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu wə
сəхəњаӈа фуусу вə [səˈxəɲaŋa ˈfuːsu wə] s- sing əx- NOM ˈəɲaŋa apple ˈfuː the -su fem wə 1excl.sing.POSS “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">|au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t͡ʃ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">|au|ˈ|l|ə|f|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ˈ|ɳ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaufaɳi
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaufaɳi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |t͡ʃ|ə|
#-> t͡ʃə
### |t͡ʃ|ə|
#-> t͡ʃə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |au|ˈ|l|ə|f|a|
#-> ˈauləfa
### |au|ˈ|l|ə|f|a|
#-> ˈauləfa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### |n|u|
#-> nu
### |n|u|
#-> nu
### |f|a|ˈ|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈfaɳi
### |f|a|ˈ|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈfaɳi
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|
#-> ˈipanə
### |i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|
#-> ˈipanə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s||ə|ŋ||au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |t͡ʃ|ə| |s||a|l||au|ˈ|l|ə|f|a| |f|uː|ˈ||n|u| |n|u| |f|a|ˈ|ɳ|i| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |k|i| |s||a|l||a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> səˈŋaufaɳi ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈlauləfa ˈfuːnu nu ˈfaɳi ɲə xə səˈxipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">|au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t͡ʃ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">|au|ˈ|l|ə|f|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="2.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|n|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ˈ|ɳ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaufaɳi</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈauləfa</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nu</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nu</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfaɳi</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈipanə</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaxuʂu</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋaufaɳi ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈlauləfa ˈfuːnu nu ˈfaɳi ɲə xə səˈxipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>сəӈаўфан̇и фуупа чə салаўлəфа фууну ну фан̇и њə хə сəхипанə фуусу ки салахус̇у фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaufaɳi</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈauləfa</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-nu</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nu</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfaɳi</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈipanə</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaxuʂu</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋaufaɳi ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈlauləfa ˈfuːnu nu ˈfaɳi ɲə xə səˈxipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa#-> səˈŋaufaɳi ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈlauləfa ˈfuːnu nu ˈfaɳi ɲə xə səˈxipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa
Сəӈаўфан̇и фуупа чə салаўлəфа фууну ну фан̇и њə хə сəхипанə фуусу ки салахус̇у фуупа. [səˈŋaufaɳi ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈlauləfa ˈfuːnu nu ˈfaɳi ɲə xə səˈxipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈaufaɳi son ˈfuː the -pa masc t͡ʃə 3.sing.neut.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈauləfa neighbour ˈfuː the -nu neut nu 2.sing.POSS ˈfaɳi kiss ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈipanə daughter ˈfuː the -su fem ki 3.sing.masc.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈaxuʂu hunter ˈfuː the -pa masc “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
Ashana has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|y|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈaliɳə
### |a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈaliɳə
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### -|n|y|
#-> -ny
### -|n|y|
#-> -ny
### |s||ə|x||a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə| |h|y|ˈ||n|y|
#-> səˈxaliɳə ˈhyny
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|y|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaliɳə</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhy</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ny</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxaliɳə ˈhyny</p>
+ <p>сəхалин̇ə гүнү</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaliɳə</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhy</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ny</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxaliɳə ˈhyny#-> səˈxaliɳə ˈhyny
сəхалин̇ə гүнү [səˈxaliɳə ˈhyny] s- sing əx- NOM ˈaliɳə lamb ˈhy a -ny neut “a lamb” | (11) |
In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||x||a|||||</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||x||a|||||</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|y|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈaliɳə
### |a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈaliɳə
### -|||x||a|||||
#-> -xa
### -|||x||a|||||
#-> -xa
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### -|n|y|
#-> -ny
### -|n|y|
#-> -ny
### |s||ə|x||a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə||||x||a||||| |h|y|ˈ||n|y|
#-> səˈxaliɳəxa ˈhyny
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|l|i|ɳ|ə|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||x||a|||||</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|y|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaliɳə</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-xa</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhy</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ny</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxaliɳəxa ˈhyny</p>
+ <p>сəхалин̇əха гүнү</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaliɳə</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-xa</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhy</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ny</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxaliɳəxa ˈhyny#-> səˈxaliɳəxa ˈhyny
сəхалин̇əха гүнү [səˈxaliɳəxa ˈhyny] s- sing əx- NOM ˈaliɳə lamb -xa little ˈhy a -ny neut “a little lamb” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Ashana fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing voice, comprising с̇и /ʂi/ ‘passive’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising њə /ɲə/ ‘PAST’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising хə /xə/ ‘indicative’, на /na/ ‘conditional’ and ҁти /ᵏǀi/ ‘optative’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: an optional prefix expressing negation, comprising гə- /hə-/ ‘NEG’ followed by the root.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ӈи /-ŋi/ ‘begin’ and -ши /-ʃi/ ‘stop’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optionalGot POS
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |t͡ʃ|aː|ˈ|#-> ˈt͡ʃaː
### |t͡ʃ|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃaː
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |k|u|ˈ|k|u|
#-> ˈkuku
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |t͡ʃ|aː|ˈ| |k|u|ˈ|k|u| |x|ə|
#-> ˈt͡ʃaː ˈkuku xə
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|k|u|ˈ|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃaː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkuku</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈt͡ʃaː ˈkuku xə</p>
+ <p>чаа куку хə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃaː</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkuku</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈt͡ʃaː ˈkuku xə#-> ˈt͡ʃaː ˈkuku xə
Чаа куку хə. [ˈt͡ʃaː ˈkuku xə] ˈt͡ʃaː 2.sing ˈkuku love xə indicative “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ə|l|a|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|p|u|x|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|t|əː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |au|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ə|l|a|
#-> ˈaut͡ʃəla
### |au|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ə|l|a|
#-> ˈaut͡ʃəla
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |u|ˈ|p|u|x|ə|
#-> ˈupuxə
### |u|ˈ|p|u|x|ə|
#-> ˈupuxə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |t|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈtəː
### |t|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈtəː
### |s||ə|x||au|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ə|l|a| |s||ə|x||u|ˈ|p|u|x|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |t|əː|ˈ|
#-> səˈxaut͡ʃəla səˈxupuxə ˈfuːpa ˈtəː
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|t͡ʃ|ə|l|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|p|u|x|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|t|əː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaut͡ʃəla</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈupuxə</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtəː</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxaut͡ʃəla səˈxupuxə ˈfuːpa ˈtəː</p>
+ <p>сəхаўчəла сəхупухə фуупа тəː</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaut͡ʃəla</o>
+ <g>surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈupuxə</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtəː</o>
+ <g>in</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxaut͡ʃəla səˈxupuxə ˈfuːpa ˈtəː#-> səˈxaut͡ʃəla səˈxupuxə ˈfuːpa ˈtəː
сəхаўчəла сəхупухə фуупа тəː [səˈxaut͡ʃəla səˈxupuxə ˈfuːpa ˈtəː] s- sing əx- NOM ˈaut͡ʃəla surface s- sing əx- NOM ˈupuxə table ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈtəː in “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|f|a|ʂ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|k|i|w|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|f|aː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈaufaʂa
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ʂ|a|
#-> ˈaufaʂa
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |i|ˈ|k|i|w|ə|
#-> ˈikiwə
### |i|ˈ|k|i|w|ə|
#-> ˈikiwə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |f|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfaː
### |f|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfaː
### |s||ə|x||au|ˈ|f|a|ʂ|a| |s||ə|x||i|ˈ|k|i|w|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |f|aː|ˈ|
#-> səˈxaufaʂa səˈxikiwə ˈfuːpa ˈfaː
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|f|a|ʂ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|k|i|w|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|f|aː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaufaʂa</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈikiwə</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfaː</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxaufaʂa səˈxikiwə ˈfuːpa ˈfaː</p>
+ <p>сəхаўфас̇а сəхикивə фуупа фаа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaufaʂa</o>
+ <g>inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈikiwə</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfaː</o>
+ <g>to</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxaufaʂa səˈxikiwə ˈfuːpa ˈfaː#-> səˈxaufaʂa səˈxikiwə ˈfuːpa ˈfaː
сəхаўфас̇а сəхикивə фуупа фаа [səˈxaufaʂa səˈxikiwə ˈfuːpa ˈfaː] s- sing əx- NOM ˈaufaʂa inside s- sing əx- NOM ˈikiwə box ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈfaː to “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|n|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|uː|ˈ|#-> ˈnuː
### |n|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnuː
### |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃuː
### |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃuː
### |n|uː|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnuː ˈt͡ʃuː
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" possessor="no.owner">|n|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|t͡ʃ|uː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnuː</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃuː</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnuː ˈt͡ʃuː</p>
+ <p>нуу Чуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnuː</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃuː</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnuː ˈt͡ʃuː#-> ˈnuː ˈt͡ʃuː
нуу Чуу [ˈnuː ˈt͡ʃuː] ˈnuː 1excl.sing ˈt͡ʃuː COMIT “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Ashana has Object–Verb–Subject (OVS) as its basic constituent order. Clauses begin with the object, followed by the verb, with the subject in final position. This is a rare but attested configuration in the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Ashana.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|
#-> ˈafawa
### |a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|
#-> ˈafawa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s||ə|ŋ||a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||a|ˈ|f|a|w|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> səˈŋaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxafawa ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.masc">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaxuʂu</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀiɲu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈafawa</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxafawa ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>сəӈахус̇у фуупа ҁтињу њə хə сəхафава фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaxuʂu</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀiɲu</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈafawa</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxafawa ˈfuːpa#-> səˈŋaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxafawa ˈfuːpa
Сəӈахус̇у фуупа ҁтињу њə хə сəхафава фуупа. [səˈŋaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxafawa ˈfuːpa] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈaxuʂu hunter ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈᵏǀiɲu kill ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈafawa jaguar ˈfuː the -pa masc “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|iː|ˈ|m|ə|ɳ|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.POSS">|ɽ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |iː|ˈ|m|ə|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈiːməɳə
### |iː|ˈ|m|ə|ɳ|ə|
#-> ˈiːməɳə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |ɽ|a|
#-> ɽa
### |ɽ|a|
#-> ɽa
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|
#-> ˈipanə
### |i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|
#-> ˈipanə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|
#-> ˈiʂani
### |i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|
#-> ˈiʂani
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |s||ə|ŋ||iː|ˈ|m|ə|ɳ|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |ɽ|a| |s||a|l||i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |k|i| |s||a|l||a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u|
#-> səˈŋiːməɳə ˈfuːsu ɽa saˈlipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈɽaːta ɲə xə səˈxiʂani ˈfuːsu
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|iː|ˈ|m|ə|ɳ|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.fem" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.POSS">|ɽ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|i|ˈ|p|a|n|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiːməɳə</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈipanə</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaxuʂu</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɽaːta</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiʂani</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋiːməɳə ˈfuːsu ɽa saˈlipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈɽaːta ɲə xə səˈxiʂani ˈfuːsu</p>
+ <p>сəӈиимəн̇ə фуусу р̇а салипанə фуусу ки салахус̇у фуупа р̇аата њə хə сəхис̇ани фуусу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiːməɳə</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɽa</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈipanə</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaxuʂu</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɽaːta</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiʂani</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋiːməɳə ˈfuːsu ɽa saˈlipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈɽaːta ɲə xə səˈxiʂani ˈfuːsu#-> səˈŋiːməɳə ˈfuːsu ɽa saˈlipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈɽaːta ɲə xə səˈxiʂani ˈfuːsu
Сəӈиимəн̇ə фуусу р̇а салипанə фуусу ки салахус̇у фуупа р̇аата њə хə сəхис̇ани фуусу. [səˈŋiːməɳə ˈfuːsu ɽa saˈlipanə ˈfuːsu ki saˈlaxuʂu ˈfuːpa ˈɽaːta ɲə xə səˈxiʂani ˈfuːsu] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈiːməɳə dog ˈfuː the -su fem ɽa 3.sing.fem.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈipanə daughter ˈfuː the -su fem ki 3.sing.masc.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈaxuʂu hunter ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈɽaːta eat ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈiʂani lion ˈfuː the -su fem “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Ashana reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Ashana expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + </np> + </np> </example>
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> - </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|a|ˈ|ɽ|ə|h|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t͡ʃ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|uː|ˈ|p|i|x|ə|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|n|u|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |a|ˈ|ɽ|ə|h|ə|
#-> ˈaɽəhə
### |a|ˈ|ɽ|ə|h|ə|
#-> ˈaɽəhə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |t͡ʃ|ə|
#-> t͡ʃə
### |t͡ʃ|ə|
#-> t͡ʃə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |uː|ˈ|p|i|x|ə|
#-> ˈuːpixə
### |uː|ˈ|p|i|x|ə|
#-> ˈuːpixə
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |k|i|
#-> ki
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |a|l|-
#-> al-
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaufaɳi
### |au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaufaɳi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |n|u|
#-> nu
### |n|u|
#-> nu
### |s||ə|x||a|ˈ|ɽ|ə|h|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |t͡ʃ|ə| |s||a|l||uː|ˈ|p|i|x|ə| |f|uː|ˈ||n|u| |k|i| |s||a|l||au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |n|u|
#-> səˈxaɽəhə ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈluːpixə ˈfuːnu ki saˈlaufaɳi ˈfuːpa nu
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|a|ˈ|ɽ|ə|h|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" possessor="3.sing.neut" case="NOM">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.POSS">|t͡ʃ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|uː|ˈ|p|i|x|ə|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut" possessor="3.sing.masc">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.masc.POSS">|k|i|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|a|l|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|au|ˈ|f|a|ɳ|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" possessor="2.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|n|u|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaɽəhə</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃə</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːpixə</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nu</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.POSS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">al-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaufaɳi</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nu</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.POSS</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈxaɽəhə ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈluːpixə ˈfuːnu ki saˈlaufaɳi ˈfuːpa nu</p>
+ <p>сəхар̇əгə фуупа чə салуупихə фууну ки салаўфан̇и фуупа ну</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaɽəhə</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃə</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈuːpixə</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-nu</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ki</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>al-</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaufaɳi</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nu</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈxaɽəhə ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈluːpixə ˈfuːnu ki saˈlaufaɳi ˈfuːpa nu#-> səˈxaɽəhə ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈluːpixə ˈfuːnu ki saˈlaufaɳi ˈfuːpa nu
сəхар̇əгə фуупа чə салуупихə фууну ки салаўфан̇и фуупа ну [səˈxaɽəhə ˈfuːpa t͡ʃə saˈluːpixə ˈfuːnu ki saˈlaufaɳi ˈfuːpa nu] s- sing əx- NOM ˈaɽəhə book ˈfuː the -pa masc t͡ʃə 3.sing.neut.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈuːpixə friend ˈfuː the -nu neut ki 3.sing.masc.POSS s- sing al- GEN ˈaufaɳi son ˈfuː the -pa masc nu 2.sing.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatoryGot plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|n|y|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|n|y|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|-#-> ɲ-
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|
#-> ˈafawa
### |a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|
#-> ˈafawa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |n|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈny
### |n|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈny
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaiɳuɳi
### |ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|
#-> ˈaiɳuɳi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |n|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈny
### |n|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈny
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ɲ|-
#-> ɲ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|
#-> ˈiʂani
### |i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|
#-> ˈiʂani
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|
#-> ˈᵏǀiɲu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|
#-> ˈaxuʂu
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |ɲ||ə|ŋ||a|ˈ|f|a|w|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a| |n|y|ˈ| |ɲ||ə|ŋ||ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |n|y|ˈ| |ɲ||ə|ŋ||i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> ɲəˈŋafawa ˈfuːpa ˈny ɲəˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈny ɲəˈŋiʂani ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxaxuʂu ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|a|ˈ|f|a|w|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|n|y|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ai|ˈ|ɳ|u|ɳ|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|n|y|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|ɲ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ˈ|ʂ|a|n|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ᵏǀ|i|ˈ|ɲ|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|x|u|ʂ|u|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈafawa</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈny</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaiɳuɳi</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈny</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiʂani</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀiɲu</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaxuʂu</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲəˈŋafawa ˈfuːpa ˈny ɲəˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈny ɲəˈŋiʂani ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxaxuʂu ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>њəӈафава фуупа нү њəӈайн̇ун̇и фуусу нү њəӈис̇ани фуусу ҁтињу њə хə сəхахус̇у фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈafawa</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈny</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaiɳuɳi</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈny</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiʂani</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀiɲu</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaxuʂu</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲəˈŋafawa ˈfuːpa ˈny ɲəˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈny ɲəˈŋiʂani ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxaxuʂu ˈfuːpa#-> ɲəˈŋafawa ˈfuːpa ˈny ɲəˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈny ɲəˈŋiʂani ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxaxuʂu ˈfuːpa
Њəӈафава фуупа нү њəӈайн̇ун̇и фуусу нү њəӈис̇ани фуусу ҁтињу њə хə сəхахус̇у фуупа. [ɲəˈŋafawa ˈfuːpa ˈny ɲəˈŋaiɳuɳi ˈfuːsu ˈny ɲəˈŋiʂani ˈfuːsu ˈᵏǀiɲu ɲə xə səˈxaxuʂu ˈfuːpa] ɲ- plur əŋ- ACC ˈafawa jaguar ˈfuː the -pa masc ˈny and ɲ- plur əŋ- ACC ˈaiɳuɳi tiger ˈfuː the -su fem ˈny and ɲ- plur əŋ- ACC ˈiʂani lion ˈfuː the -su fem ˈᵏǀiɲu kill ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈaxuʂu hunter ˈfuː the -pa masc “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (20) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Ashana provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Ashana uses the correlative strategy to form relative clauses. The relative clause is introduced by a dedicated relativiser and appears as an independent clause. The main clause contains a demonstrative that corresponds to the relativiser and identifies the element being modified. The relative clause precedes the main clause when used on its own, and follows the head noun when it functions as a modifier. The internal structure of both clauses is fully finite.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|ə|ˈ|k|a|t͡ʃ|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ˈ|k|a|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ˈəkat͡ʃi
### |ə|ˈ|k|a|t͡ʃ|i|
#-> ˈəkat͡ʃi
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### -|n|u|
#-> -nu
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s||ə|ŋ||ə|ˈ|k|a|t͡ʃ|i| |f|uː|ˈ||n|u| |m|u|ˈ|m|ə| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə|
#-> səˈŋəkat͡ʃi ˈfuːnu ˈmumə ɲə xə
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|ə|ˈ|k|a|t͡ʃ|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">-|n|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəkat͡ʃi</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nu</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmumə</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋəkat͡ʃi ˈfuːnu ˈmumə ɲə xə</p>
+ <p>сəӈəкачи фууну мумə њə хə</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəkat͡ʃi</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-nu</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmumə</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋəkat͡ʃi ˈfuːnu ˈmumə ɲə xə#-> səˈŋəkat͡ʃi ˈfuːnu ˈmumə ɲə xə
Сəӈəкачи фууну мумə њə хə. [səˈŋəkat͡ʃi ˈfuːnu ˈmumə ɲə xə] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈəkat͡ʃi cat ˈfuː the -nu neut ˈmumə pat ɲə PAST xə indicative “I patted the cat.” | (21) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
- </np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|
#-> ˈilaxa
### |i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|
#-> ˈilaxa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |s||ə|ŋ||i|ˈ|l|a|x|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |s|əː|ˈ|n|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |n|aː|ˈ| |m|u|ˈ|m|ə| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> səˈŋilaxa ˈfuːsu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|l|a|x|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈilaxa</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəːnu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmumə</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋilaxa ˈfuːsu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau</p>
+ <p>сəӈилаха фуусу сəːну њə хə наа мумə њə хə шаў</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈilaxa</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəːnu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnaː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmumə</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋilaxa ˈfuːsu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau#-> səˈŋilaxa ˈfuːsu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
Сəӈилаха фуусу сəːну њə хə наа мумə њə хə шаў. [səˈŋilaxa ˈfuːsu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈilaxa mouse ˈfuː the -su fem ˈsəːnu catch ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈnaː 3.sing.neut ˈmumə pat ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <np role="obj"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
- </np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|p|a|j|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |a|ˈ|p|a|j|a|
#-> ˈapaja
### |a|ˈ|p|a|j|a|
#-> ˈapaja
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |s||ə|ŋ||a|ˈ|p|a|j|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |f|u|ˈ| |s|əː|ˈ|n|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ| |n|aː|ˈ| |m|u|ˈ|m|ə| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> səˈŋapaja ˈfuːsu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|p|a|j|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈapaja</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɽaːta</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəːnu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmumə</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p>
+ <p>səˈŋapaja ˈfuːsu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau</p>
+ <p>сəӈапаја фуусу р̇аата њə хə фу сəːну њə хə шаў наа мумə њə хə шаў</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈapaja</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɽaːta</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəːnu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnaː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmumə</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### səˈŋapaja ˈfuːsu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau#-> səˈŋapaja ˈfuːsu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
Сəӈапаја фуусу р̇аата њə хə фу сəːну њə хə шаў наа мумə њə хə шаў. [səˈŋapaja ˈfuːsu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau] s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈapaja cheese ˈfuː the -su fem ˈɽaːta eat ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈsəːnu catch ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then ˈnaː 3.sing.neut ˈmumə pat ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (23) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
- </np>
- </relp>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + </s> + <s connector="then"> + <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="fem" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/optionalGot POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="neut" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|s|əː|ˈ|f|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|u|ˈ|#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |s|əː|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈsəːfi
### |s|əː|ˈ|f|i|
#-> ˈsəːfi
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|
#-> ˈɽaːta
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |f|u|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |s|əː|ˈ|n|u|
#-> ˈsəːnu
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |n|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnaː
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |m|u|ˈ|m|ə|
#-> ˈmumə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃau
### |f|u|ˈ| |s|əː|ˈ|f|i| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |f|u|ˈ| |ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ| |f|u|ˈ| |s|əː|ˈ|n|u| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ| |n|aː|ˈ| |m|u|ˈ|m|ə| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |ʃ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈfu ˈsəːfi ɲə xə ˈfu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="1excl.sing">|s|əː|ˈ|f|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɽ|aː|ˈ|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|f|u|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|s|əː|ˈ|n|u|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" case="ACC">|n|aː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|m|u|ˈ|m|ə|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj">|ʃ|au|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəːfi</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɽaːta</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsəːnu</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmumə</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃau</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈfu ˈsəːfi ɲə xə ˈfu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau</p>
+ <p>фу сəːфи њə хə фу р̇аата њə хə шаў фу сəːну њə хə шаў наа мумə њə хə шаў</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəːfi</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɽaːta</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfu</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsəːnu</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnaː</o>
+ <g>3.sing.neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmumə</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃau</o>
+ <g>then</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈfu ˈsəːfi ɲə xə ˈfu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau#-> ˈfu ˈsəːfi ɲə xə ˈfu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau
Фу сəːфи њə хə фу р̇аата њə хə шаў фу сəːну њə хə шаў наа мумə њə хə шаў. [ˈfu ˈsəːfi ɲə xə ˈfu ˈɽaːta ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈfu ˈsəːnu ɲə xə ˈʃau ˈnaː ˈmumə ɲə xə ˈʃau] ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈsəːfi buy ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈɽaːta eat ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then ˈfu 3.sing.fem ˈsəːnu catch ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then ˈnaː 3.sing.neut ˈmumə pat ɲə PAST xə indicative ˈʃau then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (24) |
Complementation Strategies
Ashana marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module sequential: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </subs> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|y|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |s|-#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|n|-
#-> an-
### |a|n|-
#-> an-
### |u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈukəɲa
### |u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a|
#-> ˈukəɲa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈʈauna
### |ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a|
#-> ˈʈauna
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ŋ|-
#-> əŋ-
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|
#-> ˈəɲaŋa
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### |h|y|ˈ|
#-> ˈhy
### -|s|y|
#-> -sy
### -|s|y|
#-> -sy
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|n|-
#-> an-
### |a|n|-
#-> an-
### |au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a|
#-> ˈaukaɳa
### |au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a|
#-> ˈaukaɳa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### -|s|u|
#-> -su
### |h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i|
#-> ˈhaːʂi
### |h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i|
#-> ˈhaːʂi
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |ɲ|ə|
#-> ɲə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |x|ə|
#-> xə
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |ə|x|-
#-> əx-
### |i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈiɽuʃa
### |i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|
#-> ˈiɽuʃa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### -|p|a|
#-> -pa
### |s||a|n||u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|ŋ||ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a| |h|y|ˈ||s|y| |s||a|n||au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||s|u| |h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i| |ɲ|ə| |x|ə| |s||ə|x||i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a| |f|uː|ˈ||p|a|
#-> saˈnukəɲa ˈfuːsu ˈʈauna ɲə xə səˈŋəɲaŋa ˈhysy saˈnaukaɳa ˈfuːsu ˈhaːʂi ɲə xə səˈxiɽuʃa ˈfuːpa
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|u|ˈ|k|ə|ɲ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|ʈ|au|ˈ|n|a|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ə|ŋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|ə|ˈ|ɲ|a|ŋ|a|</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|h|y|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|y|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|n|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|au|ˈ|k|a|ɳ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|h|aː|ˈ|ʂ|i|</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|ɲ|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|x|ə|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|s|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|ə|x|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|ɽ|u|ʃ|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" possessor="no.owner">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">-|p|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">an-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈukəɲa</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈauna</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əŋ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈəɲaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhy</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-sy</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">an-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaukaɳa</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-su</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhaːʂi</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲə</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xə</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əx-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɽuʃa</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-pa</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>saˈnukəɲa ˈfuːsu ˈʈauna ɲə xə səˈŋəɲaŋa ˈhysy saˈnaukaɳa ˈfuːsu ˈhaːʂi ɲə xə səˈxiɽuʃa ˈfuːpa</p>
+ <p>санукəња фуусу т̇аўна њə хə сəӈəњаӈа гүсү санаўкан̇а фуусу гаас̇и њə хə сəхир̇уша фуупа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>an-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈukəɲa</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʈauna</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əŋ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈəɲaŋa</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhy</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-sy</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>an-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈaukaɳa</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-su</o>
+ <g>fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈhaːʂi</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲə</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>xə</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>əx-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈiɽuʃa</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-pa</o>
+ <g>masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### saˈnukəɲa ˈfuːsu ˈʈauna ɲə xə səˈŋəɲaŋa ˈhysy saˈnaukaɳa ˈfuːsu ˈhaːʂi ɲə xə səˈxiɽuʃa ˈfuːpa#-> saˈnukəɲa ˈfuːsu ˈʈauna ɲə xə səˈŋəɲaŋa ˈhysy saˈnaukaɳa ˈfuːsu ˈhaːʂi ɲə xə səˈxiɽuʃa ˈfuːpa
Санукəња фуусу т̇аўна њə хə сəӈəњаӈа гүсү санаўкан̇а фуусу гаас̇и њə хə сəхир̇уша фуупа. [saˈnukəɲa ˈfuːsu ˈʈauna ɲə xə səˈŋəɲaŋa ˈhysy saˈnaukaɳa ˈfuːsu ˈhaːʂi ɲə xə səˈxiɽuʃa ˈfuːpa] s- sing an- DAT ˈukəɲa teacher ˈfuː the -su fem ˈʈauna surprise ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əŋ- ACC ˈəɲaŋa apple ˈhy a -sy fem s- sing an- DAT ˈaukaɳa girl ˈfuː the -su fem ˈhaːʂi give ɲə PAST xə indicative s- sing əx- NOM ˈiɽuʃa boy ˈfuː the -pa masc “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (25) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Ashana / Ashana–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2GNGG
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Ashana. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 13 April 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2GNGG
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-2GNGG,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Ashana}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2GNGG}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 13 April 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.07 seconds.